Active Reading

As we said at the beginning, we will be principally concerned in these pages with the development of skill in reading books;

1、principally: ADV Principally means more than anything else. 最主要地

近义词: mainly, primarily（还是有些小差别）

2、mainly: ADV You use mainly when mentioning the main reason or thing involved in something. 主要地  eg: The stock market scandal is refusing to go away, mainly because there's still no consensus over how it should be dealt with.

3、primarily: ADV You use primarily to say what is mainly true in a particular situation. 主要地  eg:Public order is primarily an urban problem.

4、concerned in：V-T If something such as a book or a piece of information concerns a particular subject, it is about that subject. 有关于  eg: The bulk of the book concerns Sandy's two middle-aged children.

......— to newspapers,magazines, pamphlets, articles, tracts, even advertisements.

5、tract: N-COUNT A tract is a short article expressing a strong opinion on a religious, moral, or political subject in order to try to influence people's attitudes. 短文

替换article又多一个词

Since reading of any sort is an activity, all reading must to some degree be active.

6、to some degree/ in some degree

we cannot read with our eyes immobilized and our minds asleep.

7、minds asleep 的表达收藏起来

Hence when we contrast active with passive reading, our purpose is, first, to call attention to the fact that reading can be more or less active, and second, to point out that the more active the reading the better.

8、contrast: V-TIf youcontrastone thingwithanother, you point out or consider the differences between those things. 对比 (事物以指出不同点)  eg:She contrasted the situation then with the present crisis.

近义词：compare sth with sth

One reader is better than another in proportion as he is capable of a greater range of activity in reading and exerts more effort.

9、proportion：PHRASE If one thing increases or decreases in proportion to another thing, it increases or decreases to the same degree as that thing. (与…) 成比例地

in proportion as：按…比例；依…程度而变  eg：In proportion as mankind rise above the condition of the beasts, population is restrained by the fear of want ...

10、exerts more effort 更努力 exert：V-TIf someone or somethingexertsinfluence, authority, or pressure, they use it in a strong or determined way, especially in order to produce a particular effect. 施加 (影响、压力); 运用 (权威)；  eg：He exerted considerable influence on the thinking of the scientific community on these issues.

11、undertakings：N-COUNTAnundertakingis a task or job, especially a large or difficult one. (尤指艰巨的) 任务; 工作  eg：Organizing the show has been a massive undertaking.

Reading and listening are thought of as receiving communication from someone who is actively engaged in giving orsending it.

12、are thought of as 被当成是 eg：What wethinkofascoaching was, sports historians say, a distinctly American development

近义词：are considered as

Catching the ball is just as much an activity as pitching or hitting it. The pitcher or batter is the sender in the sense that his activity initiates the motion of the ball. The catcher or fielder is the receiver in the sense that his activity terminates it.

13、initiates：V-TIf you initiate something, you start it or cause it to happen. 使开始; 发起   eg：They wanted to initiate a discussion on economics.

反义词：terminate  放弃stop 和start, begin

It is the inert thing that is put in motion or stopped, whereas the players are active, moving to pitch, hit, or catch.

14、put in motion 发动；开始；调动  eg：Regrettably, Turkey saw an opportunity to put in motion its plans for partition.

反义词：stop

The analogy with writing and reading is almost perfect.

15、analogy：N-COUNT If you make or draw an analogy between two things, you show that they are similar in some way. 类比    eg：The analogy between music and fragrance has stuck.

The thing that is written and read, like the ball, is the passive object common to the two activities that begin and terminate the process.

16、common：ADJIf something is common totwo or more people or groups, it is done, possessed, or used by them all. 共同的; 共有的; 共用的  eg：There is a central weakness, though, and one that is commonto election accounts in general.

We can take this analogy a step further. The art of catching is the skill of catching every kind of pitch—fast balls and curves, changeups and knucklers. Similarly, the art of reading is the skill of catching every sort of communication as well as possible.

17、ChangeUp is a UK government backed project to improve the support and assistance available for what is called the 'voluntary and community sector

18、knucklersn： 慢速变化球= knuckleball

It is noteworthy that the pitcher and catcher are successful only to the extent that they cooperate.

19、noteworthy：ADJ A fact or event that isnoteworthyis interesting, remarkable, or significant in some way. 值得关注的  eg：It is noteworthy that the programme has been shifted from its original August slot to July.

The writer’s skill and the reader’s skill converge upon a common end.

20、converge：V-IIf roads or linesconverge, they meet or join at a particular place. (道路、江河等) 会合；V-IIf people or vehiclesconverge ona place, they move toward it from different directions. (人或车辆等) 聚集    eg：More than 700 innovative educators from more than 75 countries will converge on Washington D

Admittedly, writers vary, just as pitchers do.

vary用的很简洁，比different from each other 省了好多字

For the moment, it suffices to say that, given the samething to read, one person reads it better than another, first, by reading it more actively, and second, by performing each of the acts involved more skillfully.

21、suffices：PHRASESuffice it to sayorsuffice to sayis used at the beginning of a statement to indicate that what you are saying is obvious, or that you will only give a short explanation. 不必多言  eg：Suffice it to say that afterwards we never met again.

22、skillfully：adv. 巧妙地；精巧地   eg：Most are run by reputable marketers but some areskillfullycreated by con artists.

It consists of a large number of separate acts, all of which must be performed in a good reading.

23、separate acts：不同部分 separate：ADJ If you refer to separate things, you mean several different things, rather than just one thing. 分开的; 不同的  eg：Men and women have separate exercise rooms.

separate action：单独诉讼

原文来自甘比学堂安妮姑姑