Android6.0动态权限

Android 6.0动态权限

android 6.0权限需要动态申请，分为两种，普通权限和高危权限，主要目的是保护用户隐私。
新的权限机制更好的保护了用户的隐私，Google将权限分为两类，一类是Normal Permissions，这类权限一般不涉及用户隐私，是不需要用户进行授权的，比如手机震动、访问网络等；另一类是Dangerous Permission，一般是涉及到用户隐私的，需要用户进行授权，比如读取sdcard、访问通讯录等。

Normal Permissions（普通权限）

ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY
ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
BLUETOOTH
BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
BROADCAST_STICKY
CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
DISABLE_KEYGUARD
EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
INSTALL_SHORTCUTINTERNETKILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSESMODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGSNFCREAD_SYNC_SETTINGSREAD_SYNC_STATSRECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETEDREORDER_TASKSREQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGESSET_ALARMSET_TIME_ZONESET_WALLPAPERSET_WALLPAPER_HINTSTRANSMIT_IRUNINSTALL_SHORTCUTUSE_FINGERPRINTVIBRATEWAKE_LOCKWRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS

Dangerous Permission（高危权限）

    该权限分为一组一组，申请一组里其中一个，相当于拥有了一组里所有权限，但还是建议把需要的权限都申请一下，避免因权限分组的变化，而引起不要的代码修改

group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS 
 permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS 
 permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS 
 permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS

group:android.permission-group.PHONE 
 permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG 
 permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE 
 permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE 
 permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG  
 permission:android.permission.USE_SIP 
 permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
 permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL

group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR
 permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR 
 permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR

group:android.permission-group.CAMERA 
 permission:android.permission.CAMERA

group:android.permission-group.SENSORS 
 permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS

group:android.permission-group.LOCATION
 permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION 
 permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

group:android.permission-group.STORAGE 
 permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE 
 permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE 
 permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
group:android.permission-group.SMS  
 permission:android.permission.READ_SMS 
 permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH 
 permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS 
 permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS  
 permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS 
 permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

相应的ApI

1.、在AndroidManifest文件中添加需要的权限。
这个步骤和我们之前的开发并没有什么变化，试图去申请一个没有声明的权限会导致程序崩溃。（动态申请的权限也需要申明）

2.、检查权限

if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) !=
 PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                //没有权限      
 } else {    
        //有权限      
 }

这里涉及到一个API，ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission

，主要用于检测某个权限是否已经被授予，方法返回值为PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED
或者PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
。当返回DENIED就需要进行申请授权了。
3、权限申请

       ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE}, 
                  MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_CALL_PHONE);

三个参数，第一个上下文，第二个，需要申请的权限，String数组，可以进行多权限同时申请，第三个参数为requestCode，主要用于回调的时候检测
4.、处理权限申请回调


@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
    if (requestCode == MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_CALL_PHONE) {
      if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                  callPhone();       
       } else {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Permission Denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();        }
        return;  
  }
}

ok，对于权限的申请结果，首先验证requestCode定位到你的申请，然后验证grantResults对应于申请的结果，这里的数组对应于申请时的第二个权限字符串数组。如果你同时申请两个权限，那么grantResults的length就为2，分别记录你两个权限的申请结果。如果申请成功，就可以做你的事情了
5.、再次申请

// Should we show an explanation?
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(thisActivity,  
      Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)) 
   // Show an expanation to the user *asynchronously* -- don't block 
   // this thread waiting for the user's response! After the user   
 // sees the explanation, try again to request the permission.
}

注意事项

注意申请结果回调的数组进行非空判断
注意动态申请的权限，也要申明，且申明不要使用
uses-permission-sdk-23这种方式申明的在底版本不可用
蓝牙权限无需动态，但需要位置权限，且位置权限需要动态

实例一

java代码

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final int MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_CALL_PHONE = 1;    
@Override    
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        testCall();
    }
public void testCall() {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,  Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)!= 
PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                    new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE},                   
                                   MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_CALL_PHONE);
        } else {
          callPhone();
        }
}
public void callPhone() {
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL);
        Uri data = Uri.parse("tel:" + "10086");
        intent.setData(data);
        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) !=
 PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// TODO: Consider calling
           //    ActivityCompat#requestPermissions    
        // here to request the missing permissions, and then overriding   
         //   public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions,   
         //                                          int[] grantResults)        
    // to handle the case where the user grants the permission. See the documentation    
        // for ActivityCompat#requestPermissions for more details.   
         return;        }
      startActivity(intent);  
  }
@Override 
   public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] 
grantResults){super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if (requestCode == MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_CALL_PHONE){
if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
callPhone();
            } else            {
  Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Permission Denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
          }
return;
        }
    }
}

xml文件

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />
<uses-permission-sdk-23 android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/>
<uses-permission-sdk-23 android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission-sdk-23 android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission-sdk-23 android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission-sdk-23 android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

实例二

Java代码

public void get() {
int phone = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, 
Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE);
    int fineLocation = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION); 
   int coarseLocation = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);    int readStorage = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);    int writeStorage = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
    if ((phone != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) ||(fineLocation !=
     PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) ||(coarseLocation != 
    PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) ||(readStorage != 
    PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) ||(writeStorage != 
    PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)){
    Log.i("testCall", "testCall: into");  
      ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,  new String[
{Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE, 
                      Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, 
                      Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
                      Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                     Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 
MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_LOCATION);
    } else {
  init();
    }
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);    switch (requestCode) {case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_LOCATION:Log.i("TAG-->", "onRequestPermissionsResult: " + grantResults.length);            if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {init();            } else {// Permission Denied                Toast.makeText(SplashActivity.this, "没有权限，本应用无法使用", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                finishAll();
            }
break;
    }
}