1.监听屏幕旋转方向
在处理iOS横竖屏时,经常会和UIDeviceOrientation、UIInterfaceOrientation和UIInterfaceOrientationMask这三个每局类型打交道,他们会从不同角度描述屏幕旋转方向。
1->UIDeviceOrientation:设备方向
iOS的设备方向是通过iOS的加速计来获取的
1.1->iOS定义了以下七种设备方向
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIDeviceOrientation) {
UIDeviceOrientationUnknown, // 未知方向,可能是设备(屏幕)斜置
UIDeviceOrientationPortrait, // 设备(屏幕)直立
UIDeviceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown, // 设备(屏幕)直立,上下顛倒
UIDeviceOrientationLandscapeLeft, // 设备(屏幕)向左横置
UIDeviceOrientationLandscapeRight, // 设备(屏幕)向右橫置
UIDeviceOrientationFaceUp, // 设备(屏幕)朝上平躺
UIDeviceOrientationFaceDown // 设备(屏幕)朝下平躺
};
注意:UIDeviceOrientation参考home键方向,如:home方向在右,设备(屏幕)方向向左(UIDeviceOrientationLandscapeLeft)
1.2->读取设备方向
UIDevice单例代表当前的设备。从这个单例中可以获得设备信息,如:设备方向:Orientation。代码如下 UIDeviceOrientation deviceOri = [UIDevice currentDevice].orientation;
1.3->监听、处理和移除设备方向改变的通知
当设备方向变化的时候,会发出UIDeviceOrientationDidChangeNotification通知,注册监听该通知可以对不同的设备方向处理视图展示。
//开启和监听 设备旋转的通知(不开启的话,设备方向一直是UIInterfaceOrientationUnknown)
if (![UIDevice currentDevice].generatesDeviceOrientationNotifications) {
[[UIDevice currentDevice] beginGeneratingDeviceOrientationNotifications];
}
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter]addObserver:self selector:@selector(handleDeviceOrientationChange:)
name:UIDeviceOrientationDidChangeNotification object:nil];
//设备方向改变的处理
- (void)handleDeviceOrientationChange:(NSNotification *)notification{
UIDeviceOrientation deviceOrientation = [UIDevice currentDevice].orientation;
switch (ddeviceOrientation) {
case UIDeviceOrientationFaceUp:
NSLog(@"屏幕朝上平躺");
break;
case UIDeviceOrientationFaceDown:
NSLog(@"屏幕朝下平躺");
break;
case UIDeviceOrientationUnknown:
NSLog(@"未知方向");
break;
case UIDeviceOrientationLandscapeLeft:
NSLog(@"屏幕向左横置");
break;
case UIDeviceOrientationLandscapeRight:
NSLog(@"屏幕向右橫置");
break;
case UIDeviceOrientationPortrait:
NSLog(@"屏幕直立");
break;
case UIDeviceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown:
NSLog(@"屏幕直立,上下顛倒");
break;
default:
NSLog(@"无法辨识");
break;
}
}
//最后在dealloc中移除通知 和结束设备旋转的通知
- (void)dealloc{
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter]removeObserver:self];
[[UIDevice currentDevice]endGeneratingDeviceOrientationNotifications];}
注意:当手机锁定竖屏后,name:UIDeviceOrientationDidChangeNotification通知就失效了
2->UIInterfaceOrientation:界面方向
界面方向是反映iOS中界面的方向,他和Home按钮的方向是一致的。
2.1->iOS定义了下面五种界面方向
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIInterfaceOrientation) {
UIInterfaceOrientationUnknown = UIDeviceOrientationUnknown, //未知方向
UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait = UIDeviceOrientationPortrait, //界面直立
UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown = UIDeviceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown, //界面直立,上下颠倒
UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft = UIDeviceOrientationLandscapeRight, //界面朝左
UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight = UIDeviceOrientationLandscapeLeft //界面朝右
} __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
注意:从他们的定义可知:界面方向和设备方向是有对应关系的,如界面的竖直方向就是设备的竖直方向:UIInterfaceOrientationUnknown = UIDeviceOrientationUnknown
2.2-> 读取界面方向
UIInterfaceOrientation和状态栏有关,通过UIApplication的单例调用statusBarOrientation来获取
代码如下:
UIInterfaceOrientation interfaceOri = [[UIApplication sharedApplication]statusBarOrientation];
2.3->监听、处理和移除界面方向改变的通知
当界面方向变化时候,先后发出UIApplicationWillChangeStatusBarOrientationNotification和UIApplicationDidChangeStatusBarOrientationNotification通知;注册监听这两个通知,可以针对不同的界面方向处理视图展示。
//以监听UIApplicationDidChangeStatusBarOrientationNotification通知为例
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter]addObserver:self selector:@selector(handleStatusBarOrientationChange:)
name:UIApplicationDidChangeStatusBarOrientationNotification object:nil];
//界面方向改变的处理
- (void)handleStatusBarOrientationChange: (NSNotification *)notification{
UIInterfaceOrientation interfaceOrientation = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] statusBarOrientation];
switch (interfaceOrientation) {
case UIInterfaceOrientationUnknown:
NSLog(@"未知方向");
break;
case UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait:
NSLog(@"界面直立");
break;
case UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown:
NSLog(@"界面直立,上下颠倒");
break;
case UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft:
NSLog(@"界面朝左");
break;
case UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight:
NSLog(@"界面朝右");
break;
default:
break;
}
}
//最后在dealloc中移除通知
- (void)dealloc{
//...
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter]removeObserver:self];
[[UIDevice currentDevice]endGeneratingDeviceOrientationNotifications];
}
注意:手机锁定竖屏后,UIApplicationWillChangeStatusBarOrientationNotification和UIApplicationDidChangeStatusBarOrientationNotification通知也失效了。
3->UIInterfaceOrientationMask
UIInterfaceOrientationMask是为了集成多种UIInterfaceOrientation而定义的类型,和ViewController相关,一共有7种
3.1->iOS中的UIInterfaceOrientationMask定义
typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, UIInterfaceOrientationMask) {
UIInterfaceOrientationMaskPortrait = (1 << UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait),
UIInterfaceOrientationMaskLandscapeLeft = (1 << UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft),
UIInterfaceOrientationMaskLandscapeRight = (1 << UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight),
UIInterfaceOrientationMaskPortraitUpsideDown = (1 << UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown),
UIInterfaceOrientationMaskLandscape = (UIInterfaceOrientationMaskLandscapeLeft | UIInterfaceOrientationMaskLandscapeRight),
UIInterfaceOrientationMaskAll = (UIInterfaceOrientationMaskPortrait | UIInterfaceOrientationMaskLandscapeLeft | UIInterfaceOrientationMaskLandscapeRight | UIInterfaceOrientationMaskPortraitUpsideDown),
UIInterfaceOrientationMaskAllButUpsideDown = (UIInterfaceOrientationMaskPortrait | UIInterfaceOrientationMaskLandscapeLeft | UIInterfaceOrientationMaskLandscapeRight),
} __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
3.2->UIInterfaceOrientationMask的使用
在ViewController可以重写- (UIInterfaceOrientationMask)supportedInterfaceOrientations方法返回类型,来决定UIViewController可以支持哪些界面方向。
//支持界面直立
- (UIInterfaceOrientationMask)supportedInterfaceOrientations{
return UIInterfaceOrientationMaskPortrait;
}
总结:UIDeviceOrientation(设备方向)和UIInterfaceOrientation(屏幕方向)是两个不同的概念。前者代表了设备的一种状态,而后者是屏幕为了应对不同的设备状态,做出的用户界面上的响应。在iOS设备旋转时,由UIKit接收到旋转事件,然后通过AppDelegate通知当前程序的UIWindow对象,UIWindow对象通知它的rootViewController,如果该rootViewController支持旋转后的屏幕方向,完成旋转,否则不旋转;弹出的ViewController也是如此处理。
4->视图控制器中旋转方向的设置
4.1->关于禁止横屏的操作(不建议),比较常规的方法有两种。方法1:在项目的General–>Deployment Info–>Device Orientation中,只勾选Portrait(竖屏)
方法2:Device Orientation默认设置,在Appdelegate中实现supportedInterfaceOrientationsForWindow:只返回UIInterfaceOrientationMaskPortraitt(竖屏)
- (NSUInteger)application:(UIApplication *)application supportedInterfaceOrientationsForWindow:(UIWindow *)window {
return UIInterfaceOrientationMaskPortrait;
}
说明:极少的APP中所有界面都是竖屏的,因为总会有界面需要支持横屏,如视频播放页。所以不建议设置禁止APP页面横屏。
5-> 何让项目中的 视图控制器中旋转方向的设置
5.1->APP支持多个方向
说明:如此,APP支持横屏和竖屏了,但是具体视图控制器支持的页面方向还需要进一步处理。由于不支持竖屏颠倒(Upside Down),即使设备上下颠倒,通过API也不会获得设备、屏幕上下颠倒方向的。
5.2->支持ViewController屏幕方向设置
1)关键函数
视图控制器支持的界面方向主要由以下三个函数控制
//是否自动旋转,返回YES可以自动旋转,返回NO禁止旋转
- (BOOL)shouldAutorotate NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
//返回支持的方向
- (UIInterfaceOrientationMask)supportedInterfaceOrientations NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
//由模态推出的视图控制器 优先支持的屏幕方向
- (UIInterfaceOrientation)preferredInterfaceOrientationForPresentation NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(6_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
2) QSBaseViewController设置
//QSBaseViewController.h
@interface QSBaseController : UIViewController
@end
//QSBaseViewController.m
@implementation QSBaseController
//#pragma mark - 控制屏幕旋转方法
//是否自动旋转,返回YES可以自动旋转,返回NO禁止旋转
- (BOOL)shouldAutorotate{
return NO;
}
//返回支持的方向
- (UIInterfaceOrientationMask)supportedInterfaceOrientations{
return UIInterfaceOrientationMaskPortrait;
}
//由模态推出的视图控制器 优先支持的屏幕方向
- (UIInterfaceOrientation)preferredInterfaceOrientationForPresentation{
return UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait;
}
@end
说明1:QSBaseViewController默认不支持旋转,只支持 界面竖直方向,项目中的Controller都继承自QSBaseViewController,可以通过重写这三个方法来让Controller支持除竖屏之外的方向或旋转。
3) 在QSNavigationController设置
目标:通过QSNavigationController来push视图控制器时,把支持屏幕旋转的设置交给最新push进来([self.viewControllers lastObject])的viewController来设置。
//QSNavigationController.h
@interface QSNavigationController : UINavigationController
@end
//QSNavigationController.m
@implementation QSNavigationController
#pragma mark - 控制屏幕旋转方法
- (BOOL)shouldAutorotate{
return [[self.viewControllers lastObject]shouldAutorotate];
}
- (UIInterfaceOrientationMask)supportedInterfaceOrientations{
return [[self.viewControllers lastObject]supportedInterfaceOrientations];
}
- (UIInterfaceOrientation)preferredInterfaceOrientationForPresentation{
return [[self.viewControllers lastObject] preferredInterfaceOrientationForPresentation];
}
@end
4) 在QSTabBarController设置
目标:TabBarController通常作为整个程序的rootViewController,UITabBar上面显示的每一个Tab都对应着一个ViewController;每点击一个Tab,出现的ViewController(self.selectedViewController)对屏幕旋转和支持方向的设置 交给其自身去控制。
//QSTabBarController.h
@interface QSTabBarController : UITabBarController
@end
//QSTabBarController.m
@implementation QSTabBarController
#pragma mark - 控制屏幕旋转方法
- (BOOL)shouldAutorotate{
return [self.selectedViewController shouldAutorotate];
}
- (UIInterfaceOrientationMask)supportedInterfaceOrientations{
return [self.selectedViewController supportedInterfaceOrientations];
}
- (UIInterfaceOrientation)preferredInterfaceOrientationForPresentation{
return [self.selectedViewController preferredInterfaceOrientationForPresentation];
}
@end
三、屏幕旋转方向下的视图处理
1、屏幕旋转时,建议监听UIApplicationDidChangeStatusBarOrientationNotification
原因1:supportedInterfaceOrientations方法中最终返回的是 多个界面方向。
原因2(最重要的原因):我们真正要处理的是页面方向发生旋转UI的变化。而在设备的物理方向发生旋转的时候,如果此时当前控制器的页面并没有旋转,我们这时改变UI布局,可能就发生问题了。
2、屏幕的宽高处理
1)在iOS 8之后,当屏幕旋转的时候,[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]也发生了改变。如横屏时候的屏幕宽度 其实是竖屏的时候屏幕的高度。
2)我们处理视图布局时候,如果使用到屏幕的宽高,不要直接使用SCREEN_HEIGHT和SCREEN_WIDTH,而使用SCREEN_MIN和SCREEN_MAX
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT CGRectGetHeight([[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds])
#define SCREEN_WIDTH CGRectGetWidth([[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds])
#define SCREEN_MIN MIN(SCREEN_HEIGHT,SCREEN_WIDTH)
#define SCREEN_MAX MAX(SCREEN_HEIGHT,SCREEN_WIDTH)
说明:竖屏时候,宽是SCREEN_MIN,高是SCREEN_MAX;横屏时候,宽是SCREEN_MAX,高是SCREEN_MIN。
3、屏幕旋转下处理Demo
//监听UIApplicationDidChangeStatusBarOrientationNotification的处理
- (void)handleStatusBarOrientationChange: (NSNotification *)notification{
UIInterfaceOrientation interfaceOrientation = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] statusBarOrientation];
BOOL isLandscape = NO;
switch (interfaceOrientation) {
case UIInterfaceOrientationUnknown:
NSLog(@"未知方向");
break;
case UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait:
case UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown:
isLandscape = NO;
break;
case UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft:
case UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight:
isLandscape = YES;
break;
default:
break;
}
if (isLandscape) {
self.tableView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, SCREEN_MAX, SCREEN_MIN - 44);
}else{
self.tableView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, SCREEN_MIN, SCREEN_MAX - 64);
}
[self.tableView reloadData];
}
说明:当然也可以选择使用Masonry这样优秀的AutoLayout布局第三方库来处理,storyBoard来布局次之。
5、屏幕旋转处理的建议
1)旋转前后,view当前显示的位置尽量不变
2)旋转过程中,暂时界面操作的响应
3)视图中有tableview的话,旋转后,强制 [tableview reloadData],保证在方向变化以后,新的row能够充满全屏。
四、强制横屏
APP中某些页面,如视频播放页,一出现就要求横屏。这些横屏页面或模态弹出、或push进来。
1、模态弹出ViewController情况下 强制横屏的设置
//QSShow3Controller.m
- (BOOL)shouldAutorotate{
return NO;
}
- (UIInterfaceOrientationMask)supportedInterfaceOrientations{
return UIInterfaceOrientationMaskLandscapeRight;
}
- (UIInterfaceOrientation)preferredInterfaceOrientationForPresentation{
return UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight;
}
//模态弹出
QSShow3Controller *vc = [[QSShow3Controller alloc]init];
[self presentViewController:vc animated:YES completion:nil];
说明:这种情况比较简单处理。
2、push推入ViewController情况下 强制横屏的设置
//QSShow4Controller.m
-(void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated{
[super viewWillAppear:animated];
[self setInterfaceOrientation:UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight];
}
//强制转屏(这个方法最好放在BaseVController中)
- (void)setInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)orientation{
if ([[UIDevice currentDevice] respondsToSelector:@selector(setOrientation:)]) {
SEL selector = NSSelectorFromString(@"setOrientation:");
NSInvocation *invocation = [NSInvocation invocationWithMethodSignature:[UIDevice instanceMethodSignatureForSelector:selector]];
[invocation setSelector:selector];
[invocation setTarget:[UIDevice currentDevice]];
// 从2开始是因为前两个参数已经被selector和target占用
[invocation setArgument:&orientation atIndex:2];
[invocation invoke];
}
}
//必须返回YES
- (BOOL)shouldAutorotate{
return YES;
}
- (UIInterfaceOrientationMask)supportedInterfaceOrientations{
return UIInterfaceOrientationMaskLandscapeRight;
}
//Push推入
QSShow4Controller *vc = [[QSShow4Controller alloc]init];
[self.navigationController pushViewController:vc animated:YES];
说明:苹果不允许直接调用setOrientation方法,否则有被拒的风险;使用NSInvocation对象给[UIDevice currentDevice]发消息,强制改变设备方向,使其页面方向对应改变,这是苹果允许的。
五、其他
1、 APP启动时,手机横屏下,首页UI(该页面只支持竖屏)出错(add by 2017/6/20)
//设置设置状态栏竖屏
[[UIApplication sharedApplication]setStatusBarOrientation:UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait];
*/
六
如果要在每个控制器都写这两个方法,麻烦程度不敢想象。所以我们可以借助分类来实现,这样既简单又优雅,而且维护起来集中干净
------------------------------
#import@interface UIViewController (Landscape)
@property(nonatomic) BOOL bl_shouldAutoLandscape;//是否需要横屏,默认NO,即当前控制器不支持横屏
@end
-------------------------------------
#import "UIViewController+Landscape.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>
@implementation UIViewController (Landscape)
+ (void)load{
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
id obj = [[self alloc]init];
[obj swizzleMethod:@selector(shouldAutorotate) withMethod:@selector(bl_shouldAutorotate) error:nil];
[obj swizzleMethod:@selector(supportedInterfaceOrientations) withMethod:@selector(bl_supportedInterfaceOrientation) error:nil];
});
}
- (void)swizzleMethod:(SEL)currentMethod withMethod:(SEL)fromMethod error:(NSError* )error{
Class class = [self class];
Method originalMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(class, currentMethod);//Method是运行时库的类
Method swizzledMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(class, fromMethod);
BOOL didAddMethod = class_addMethod(class, currentMethod, method_getImplementation(swizzledMethod), method_getTypeEncoding(swizzledMethod));
if (didAddMethod) {
class_replaceMethod(class, fromMethod, method_getImplementation(originalMethod), method_getTypeEncoding(originalMethod));
}else{
method_exchangeImplementations(originalMethod, swizzledMethod);
}
}
- (BOOL)bl_shouldAutorotate{//是否支持旋转
if ([self isKindOfClass:NSClassFromString(@"RootViewController")]) {//根视图
return self.childViewControllers.firstObject.shouldAutorotate;
}
if ([self isKindOfClass:NSClassFromString(@"ViewController")]) {//某个控制器
return self.childViewControllers.firstObject.shouldAutorotate;
}
if ([self isKindOfClass:NSClassFromString(@"UITabBarController")]) {//UITabBarController控制器
return ((UITabBarController*) self).selectedViewController.shouldAutorotate;
}
if ([self isKindOfClass:NSClassFromString(@"UINavigationController")]) {//UINavigationController控制器
return ((UINavigationController*) self).childViewControllers.lastObject.shouldAutorotate;
}
if ([self isKindOfClass:NSClassFromString(@"ListViewController")]) {//某个需要旋转的视图控制器
return YES;
}
if (self.bl_shouldAutoLandscape) {
return YES;
}
return NO;
}
- (UIInterfaceOrientationMask)bl_supportedInterfaceOrientation{//支持旋转的方向
if ([self isKindOfClass:NSClassFromString(@"RootViewController")]) {//根视图
return [self.childViewControllers.firstObject supportedInterfaceOrientations];
}
if ([self isKindOfClass:NSClassFromString(@"ViewController")]) {//某个控制器
return [self.childViewControllers.firstObject supportedInterfaceOrientations];
}
if ([self isKindOfClass:NSClassFromString(@"UITabBarController")]) {//UITabBarController控制器
return [((UITabBarController*) self).selectedViewController supportedInterfaceOrientations];
}
if ([self isKindOfClass:NSClassFromString(@"UINavigationController")]) {//UINavigationController控制器
return [((UINavigationController*) self).childViewControllers.lastObject supportedInterfaceOrientations];
}
if ([self isKindOfClass:NSClassFromString(@"ListViewController")]) {//某个需要旋转的视图控制器
return UIInterfaceOrientationMaskAllButUpsideDown;
}
if (self.bl_shouldAutoLandscape) {
return UIInterfaceOrientationMaskAllButUpsideDown;
}
return UIInterfaceOrientationMaskPortrait;
}
- (void)setBl_shouldAutoLandscape:(BOOL)bl_shouldAutoLandscape{
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, @selector(bl_shouldAutoLandscape), @(bl_shouldAutoLandscape), OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
}
- (BOOL)bl_shouldAutoLandscape{
return [objc_getAssociatedObject(self, _cmd) boolValue];
}
--------------------------------------
七.实现某些网页横屏
一种方式是和 h5 约定一个事件,如果有视频就告诉原生 APP 做一个标记,将 bl_shouldAutoLandscape 置为 YES。
但是我这里提供一种更加简便优雅的方式,我们的 UIWebView 是可以通过 -stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString: 方法和我们交互的,所以我们可以尝试下面的方法:
#pragma mark - UIWebViewDelegate- (void)webViewDidFinishLoad:
(UIWebView *)webView{ NSString *result = [webView
stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"if(document.getElementsByTagName
('video').length>0)document.getElementsByTagName('video').length;"];
if (result.length && result.integerValue != 0)
{ self.bl_shouldAutoLandscape = YES; }}
----------------------------------------------
添加UIViewController视图控制器的分类之后,在需要的地方,添加代码:self.bl_shouldAutoLandscape = YES;即可。