1 NVM简介
-
nvm是什么
nvm是nodejs 的版本管理器，旨在按用户要求进行安装并按进行shell调用。nvm适用于任何符合POSIX的shell（sh、dash、ksh、zsh、bash），特别是在以下平台上：
- unix
- macOS
- windows WSL
2 NVM安装
可以通过如下的cURL或者wget命令之一进行安装:
2.1 install脚本安装
- cURL
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.38.0/install.sh | bash
- wget
wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.38.0/install.sh | bash
安装之后，为了是nvm命令能够被识别和生效，可以重启terminal或者执行屏幕提示的脚本：
export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm
2.2 git仓库安装
由于国内对于https://raw.githubusercontent.com和https://github.com经常无法访问，或者访问速度很慢。这里做了一个github nvm仓库的gitee nvm镜像。
- git仓库安装
nvm的方法
- 首先确保已经安装了
git v1.7.10+。 - 安装
nvm(2023-09-26最新版本是v0.39.5)
cd ~/
git clone https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm.git .nvm
cd ~/.nvm
git checkout -b v0395 v0.39.5
. ./nvm.sh
- 配置环境变量
将以下代码添加到~/.bashrc、~/.profile或者~/.zshrc文件中，从而在登录系统之后，自动加载nvm配置。
export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" # This loads nvm bash_completion
2.3 查看可用的nvm命令:
$ nvm -h
Node Version Manager (v0.39.5)
Note: <version> refers to any version-like string nvm understands. This includes:
- full or partial version numbers, starting with an optional "v" (0.10, v0.1.2, v1)
- default (built-in) aliases: node, stable, unstable, iojs, system
- custom aliases you define with `nvm alias foo`
Any options that produce colorized output should respect the `--no-colors` option.
Usage:
nvm --help Show this message
--no-colors Suppress colored output
nvm --version Print out the installed version of nvm
nvm install [<version>] Download and install a <version>. Uses .nvmrc if available and version is omitted.
The following optional arguments, if provided, must appear directly after `nvm install`:
-s Skip binary download, install from source only.
-b Skip source download, install from binary only.
--reinstall-packages-from=<version> When installing, reinstall packages installed in <node|iojs|node version number>
--lts When installing, only select from LTS (long-term support) versions
--lts=<LTS name> When installing, only select from versions for a specific LTS line
--skip-default-packages When installing, skip the default-packages file if it exists
--latest-npm After installing, attempt to upgrade to the latest working npm on the given node version
--no-progress Disable the progress bar on any downloads
--alias=<name> After installing, set the alias specified to the version specified. (same as: nvm alias <name> <version>)
--default After installing, set default alias to the version specified. (same as: nvm alias default <version>)
nvm uninstall <version> Uninstall a version
nvm uninstall --lts Uninstall using automatic LTS (long-term support) alias `lts/*`, if available.
nvm uninstall --lts=<LTS name> Uninstall using automatic alias for provided LTS line, if available.
nvm use [<version>] Modify PATH to use <version>. Uses .nvmrc if available and version is omitted.
The following optional arguments, if provided, must appear directly after `nvm use`:
--silent Silences stdout/stderr output
--lts Uses automatic LTS (long-term support) alias `lts/*`, if available.
--lts=<LTS name> Uses automatic alias for provided LTS line, if available.
nvm exec [<version>] [<command>] Run <command> on <version>. Uses .nvmrc if available and version is omitted.
The following optional arguments, if provided, must appear directly after `nvm exec`:
--silent Silences stdout/stderr output
--lts Uses automatic LTS (long-term support) alias `lts/*`, if available.
--lts=<LTS name> Uses automatic alias for provided LTS line, if available.
nvm run [<version>] [<args>] Run `node` on <version> with <args> as arguments. Uses .nvmrc if available and version is omitted.
The following optional arguments, if provided, must appear directly after `nvm run`:
--silent Silences stdout/stderr output
--lts Uses automatic LTS (long-term support) alias `lts/*`, if available.
--lts=<LTS name> Uses automatic alias for provided LTS line, if available.
nvm current Display currently activated version of Node
nvm ls [<version>] List installed versions, matching a given <version> if provided
--no-colors Suppress colored output
--no-alias Suppress `nvm alias` output
nvm ls-remote [<version>] List remote versions available for install, matching a given <version> if provided
--lts When listing, only show LTS (long-term support) versions
--lts=<LTS name> When listing, only show versions for a specific LTS line
--no-colors Suppress colored output
nvm version <version> Resolve the given description to a single local version
nvm version-remote <version> Resolve the given description to a single remote version
--lts When listing, only select from LTS (long-term support) versions
--lts=<LTS name> When listing, only select from versions for a specific LTS line
nvm deactivate Undo effects of `nvm` on current shell
--silent Silences stdout/stderr output
nvm alias [<pattern>] Show all aliases beginning with <pattern>
--no-colors Suppress colored output
nvm alias <name> <version> Set an alias named <name> pointing to <version>
nvm unalias <name> Deletes the alias named <name>
nvm install-latest-npm Attempt to upgrade to the latest working `npm` on the current node version
nvm reinstall-packages <version> Reinstall global `npm` packages contained in <version> to current version
nvm unload Unload `nvm` from shell
nvm which [current | <version>] Display path to installed node version. Uses .nvmrc if available and version is omitted.
--silent Silences stdout/stderr output when a version is omitted
nvm cache dir Display path to the cache directory for nvm
nvm cache clear Empty cache directory for nvm
nvm set-colors [<color codes>] Set five text colors using format "yMeBg". Available when supported.
Initial colors are:
bygre
Color codes:
r/R = red / bold red
g/G = green / bold green
b/B = blue / bold blue
c/C = cyan / bold cyan
m/M = magenta / bold magenta
y/Y = yellow / bold yellow
k/K = black / bold black
e/W = light grey / white
Example:
nvm install 8.0.0 Install a specific version number
nvm use 8.0 Use the latest available 8.0.x release
nvm run 6.10.3 app.js Run app.js using node 6.10.3
nvm exec 4.8.3 node app.js Run `node app.js` with the PATH pointing to node 4.8.3
nvm alias default 8.1.0 Set default node version on a shell
nvm alias default node Always default to the latest available node version on a shell
nvm install node Install the latest available version
nvm use node Use the latest version
nvm install --lts Install the latest LTS version
nvm use --lts Use the latest LTS version
nvm set-colors cgYmW Set text colors to cyan, green, bold yellow, magenta, and white
Note:
to remove, delete, or uninstall nvm - just remove the `$NVM_DIR` folder (usually `~/.nvm`)
3 使用nvm安装多个版本的NodeJS
- 查看可用的
nodejs版本
# 查看所有可用的nodejs版本
$ nvm ls-remote
# 查看可用的LTS版本
$ nvm ls-remote | grep LTS
v4.2.0 (LTS: Argon)
v4.2.1 (LTS: Argon)
v4.2.2 (LTS: Argon)
v4.2.3 (LTS: Argon)
v4.2.4 (LTS: Argon)
v4.2.5 (LTS: Argon)
v4.2.6 (LTS: Argon)
v4.3.0 (LTS: Argon)
v4.3.1 (LTS: Argon)
v4.3.2 (LTS: Argon)
v4.4.0 (LTS: Argon)
v4.4.1 (LTS: Argon)
v4.4.2 (LTS: Argon)
v4.4.3 (LTS: Argon)
v4.4.4 (LTS: Argon)
v4.4.5 (LTS: Argon)
v4.4.6 (LTS: Argon)
v4.4.7 (LTS: Argon)
v4.5.0 (LTS: Argon)
v4.6.0 (LTS: Argon)
v4.6.1 (LTS: Argon)
v4.6.2 (LTS: Argon)
v4.7.0 (LTS: Argon)
v4.7.1 (LTS: Argon)
v4.7.2 (LTS: Argon)
v4.7.3 (LTS: Argon)
v4.8.0 (LTS: Argon)
v4.8.1 (LTS: Argon)
v4.8.2 (LTS: Argon)
v4.8.3 (LTS: Argon)
v4.8.4 (LTS: Argon)
v4.8.5 (LTS: Argon)
v4.8.6 (LTS: Argon)
v4.8.7 (LTS: Argon)
v4.9.0 (LTS: Argon)
v4.9.1 (Latest LTS: Argon)
v6.9.0 (LTS: Boron)
v6.9.1 (LTS: Boron)
v6.9.2 (LTS: Boron)
v6.9.3 (LTS: Boron)
v6.9.4 (LTS: Boron)
v6.9.5 (LTS: Boron)
v6.10.0 (LTS: Boron)
v6.10.1 (LTS: Boron)
v6.10.2 (LTS: Boron)
v6.10.3 (LTS: Boron)
v6.11.0 (LTS: Boron)
v6.11.1 (LTS: Boron)
v6.11.2 (LTS: Boron)
v6.11.3 (LTS: Boron)
v6.11.4 (LTS: Boron)
v6.11.5 (LTS: Boron)
v6.12.0 (LTS: Boron)
v6.12.1 (LTS: Boron)
v6.12.2 (LTS: Boron)
v6.12.3 (LTS: Boron)
v6.13.0 (LTS: Boron)
v6.13.1 (LTS: Boron)
v6.14.0 (LTS: Boron)
v6.14.1 (LTS: Boron)
v6.14.2 (LTS: Boron)
v6.14.3 (LTS: Boron)
v6.14.4 (LTS: Boron)
v6.15.0 (LTS: Boron)
v6.15.1 (LTS: Boron)
v6.16.0 (LTS: Boron)
v6.17.0 (LTS: Boron)
v6.17.1 (Latest LTS: Boron)
v8.9.0 (LTS: Carbon)
v8.9.1 (LTS: Carbon)
v8.9.2 (LTS: Carbon)
v8.9.3 (LTS: Carbon)
v8.9.4 (LTS: Carbon)
v8.10.0 (LTS: Carbon)
v8.11.0 (LTS: Carbon)
v8.11.1 (LTS: Carbon)
v8.11.2 (LTS: Carbon)
v8.11.3 (LTS: Carbon)
v8.11.4 (LTS: Carbon)
v8.12.0 (LTS: Carbon)
v8.13.0 (LTS: Carbon)
v8.14.0 (LTS: Carbon)
v8.14.1 (LTS: Carbon)
v8.15.0 (LTS: Carbon)
v8.15.1 (LTS: Carbon)
v8.16.0 (LTS: Carbon)
v8.16.1 (LTS: Carbon)
v8.16.2 (LTS: Carbon)
v8.17.0 (Latest LTS: Carbon)
v10.13.0 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.14.0 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.14.1 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.14.2 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.15.0 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.15.1 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.15.2 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.15.3 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.16.0 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.16.1 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.16.2 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.16.3 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.17.0 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.18.0 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.18.1 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.19.0 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.20.0 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.20.1 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.21.0 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.22.0 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.22.1 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.23.0 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.23.1 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.23.2 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.23.3 (LTS: Dubnium)
v10.24.0 (LTS: Dubnium)
-> v10.24.1 (Latest LTS: Dubnium)
v12.13.0 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.13.1 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.14.0 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.14.1 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.15.0 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.16.0 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.16.1 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.16.2 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.16.3 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.17.0 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.18.0 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.18.1 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.18.2 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.18.3 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.18.4 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.19.0 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.19.1 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.20.0 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.20.1 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.20.2 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.21.0 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.22.0 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.22.1 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.22.2 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.22.3 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.22.4 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.22.5 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.22.6 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.22.7 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.22.8 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.22.9 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.22.10 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.22.11 (LTS: Erbium)
v12.22.12 (Latest LTS: Erbium)
v14.15.0 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.15.1 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.15.2 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.15.3 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.15.4 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.15.5 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.16.0 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.16.1 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.17.0 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.17.1 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.17.2 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.17.3 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.17.4 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.17.5 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.17.6 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.18.0 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.18.1 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.18.2 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.18.3 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.19.0 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.19.1 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.19.2 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.19.3 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.20.0 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.20.1 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.21.0 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.21.1 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.21.2 (LTS: Fermium)
v14.21.3 (Latest LTS: Fermium)
v16.13.0 (LTS: Gallium)
v16.13.1 (LTS: Gallium)
v16.13.2 (LTS: Gallium)
v16.14.0 (LTS: Gallium)
v16.14.1 (LTS: Gallium)
v16.14.2 (LTS: Gallium)
v16.15.0 (LTS: Gallium)
v16.15.1 (LTS: Gallium)
v16.16.0 (LTS: Gallium)
v16.17.0 (LTS: Gallium)
v16.17.1 (LTS: Gallium)
v16.18.0 (LTS: Gallium)
v16.18.1 (LTS: Gallium)
v16.19.0 (LTS: Gallium)
v16.19.1 (LTS: Gallium)
v16.20.0 (LTS: Gallium)
v16.20.1 (LTS: Gallium)
v16.20.2 (Latest LTS: Gallium)
v18.12.0 (LTS: Hydrogen)
v18.12.1 (LTS: Hydrogen)
v18.13.0 (LTS: Hydrogen)
v18.14.0 (LTS: Hydrogen)
v18.14.1 (LTS: Hydrogen)
v18.14.2 (LTS: Hydrogen)
v18.15.0 (LTS: Hydrogen)
v18.16.0 (LTS: Hydrogen)
v18.16.1 (LTS: Hydrogen)
v18.17.0 (LTS: Hydrogen)
v18.17.1 (LTS: Hydrogen)
v18.18.0 (Latest LTS: Hydrogen)
- 安装需要的nodejs版本
安装示例，安装版本:v10.24.1 (Latest LTS: Dubnium),v12.22.5 (Latest LTS: Erbium),v14.17.5 (Latest LTS: Fermium)。
$ nvm install v10.24.1
Downloading and installing node v10.24.1...
Downloading https://nodejs.org/dist/v10.24.1/node-v10.24.1-linux-x64.tar.xz...
######################################################################### 100.0%
Computing checksum with sha256sum
Checksums matched!
Now using node v10.24.1 (npm v6.14.12)
Creating default alias: default -> v10.24.1
$ nvm install v12.22.5
Downloading and installing node v12.22.5...
Downloading https://nodejs.org/dist/v12.22.5/node-v12.22.5-linux-x64.tar.xz...
######################################################################### 100.0%
Computing checksum with sha256sum
Checksums matched!
Now using node v12.22.5 (npm v6.14.14)
$ nvm install v14.17.5
Downloading and installing node v14.17.5...
Downloading https://nodejs.org/dist/v14.17.5/node-v14.17.5-linux-x64.tar.xz...
######################################################################### 100.0%
Computing checksum with sha256sum
Checksums matched!
Now using node v14.17.5 (npm v6.14.14)
检查nodejs是否安装成功：
$ node -v
v14.17.5
4 切换nodejs的生效版本
$ node -v
v14.17.5
$ nvm use v10.24.1
Now using node v10.24.1 (npm v6.14.12)
$ node -v
v10.24.1
$ nvm use v12.22.5
Now using node v12.22.5 (npm v6.14.14)
$ node -v
v12.22.5
5 其他操作系统安装nvm和常见问题解决
Troubleshooting On Linux, On Gitee
Troubleshooting on macOS, on Gitee
