# coding = utf-8
# demo template

# === Hello World ===
def hello_world():
    print("Hello World!")
    print('A')
    print("中文")


# === Comments Demo ===
def explanatory_note():
    # === Explanatory Note ===
    """
    Multiply line comments
    """


# === Variables ===
def variable():
    num = 7
    result = num * 2

    # 变量命名规则:
    # 允许组成字符: a-z A-Z _ 0-9
    # 不能以数字开头
    # 区分大小写
    # 小驼峰命名法: name / userName / userName123
    # 大驼峰命名法: Person / UserName
    # Python命名规范
    # 项目名(大驼峰): MyAge
    # 包 / 模块 (全小写): myage.py
    # 类(大驼峰): MyAge / __MyAge
    # 属性(全小写): myage / __myage
    # 方法(全小写): myage / __myage / __init__
    # 对象(全小写): myage
    # 形式参数(全小写): myage
    # 异常(大驼峰 + Error): MyAgeError
    # > 简单归纳为: 类、异常、项目名  用大驼峰;  其余全小写(名字不易识别可加_)


def type_conversion():
    # === 数据类型 ===
    """ 数字 (int / float / comples[复数])
        布尔 (True / False)
        字符串
        列表
        元组
        字典 """
    # Python能够自动识别数字变量类型

    # === 数据类型强转 ===
    int("123")  # (对象)转为整数
    float("1.23")  # (对象)转为浮点数
    complex(0.1, 0.2)  # 创建复数(= 0.1+0.2j)(实部和虚部都是float)
    str(123)  # (对象)转为字符串
    repr("123")  # (对象)转为表达式字符串(机器)
    eval("123*4")  # 计算字符串内Python表达式
    tuple([1, 2, 3])  # (序列)转为元组 (注:将字典转为元组会损失数据)
    dict([(1, "a"), (2, "b")])  # (序列)转为字典 (列表 / 字典 均可)
    list((1, 2, 3))  # (序列)转为列表 (注:将字典转为列表会损失数据)
    chr(123)  # (整数)转为字符
    ord("{")  # (字符)转为整数
    hex(123)  # (整数)转为十六进制字符串('0x7b')
    oct(123)  # (整数)转为八进制字符串('0o173')
    bin(123)  # (整数)转为二进制字符串('0b1111011')
    int('0o173', 8)  # 将其他进制数转为(十进制)整数


def input_output():
    # === 输入 ===
    input_data = input("输入内容:")  # 获取输入值(字符串),阻塞式
    print("输入的内容为:%s" % input_data)

    # === 打印值 ===
    name = "柳岩"
    age = 21
    print(name)  # 普通的打印
    # 拼接打印
    print("Name:%s" % name)
    # %a为ascii字符串 %c为字符; %s为字符串; %o为八进制整数; %d为有符号十进制整数;
    # %u为无符号十进制整数; %x为十六进制整数; %e为浮点数指数; %f为浮点实数(%.2f:2位浮点数)
    print("Name:%s  Age:%d" % (name, age))
    print('%-10s %s' % (10, 10))  # %-10s 字符末尾+10个空格 => 10    10


# === 运算符 ===
# 算数运算符(+*可用于字符串拼接:str1+str2; str*3): + - * / % **(幂:2**3=8) //(取整除:3//2=1)
# 扩展知识: 2**10=1K / 2**20=1M / 2**30=1G / 2**40=1T / 2**50=1P / ...
# 赋值运算符: =
# 复合运算符(自运算): a+=b (a=a+b) / a*=b (a=a*b) / ... / a+=b*c (a=a+(b*c)) / ...
# 关系运算符: > < == >= <= != <>(两边不相等为true)
# 逻辑运算符: and or not
# 位运算符: &(0b1001&0b1101=0b1001) |(0b1001|0b1101=0b1101) ^(0b1001^0b1101=0b0100) ~(~0b1001=1... 0110)
# <<(左移1位等于乘以2:2<<3=16) >>(最高位不变)

def judge():
    # === 判断语句 ===
    age = 22
    beatiful = True

    # - if (可嵌套) -
    if age > 21:  # true ; >为关系运算符
        print("The Age is greater than 21.")  # 用制表符区分代码段
        print("My thanks to you is beyond measure!")

    if age < 21:  # false
        print("The Age is less than 21.")
        print("My thanks to you is beyond measure!")

    print("我从来不污,只是污的搬运工.")

    # - if else -
    if age > 18 and age < 25 and beatiful:  # and为逻辑运算符
        print("I am really into you!")
    else:
        print("Bye.")

    boolean = True if 5 > 10 else False  # 三元运算符
    print(boolean)  # => False

    # - if elif else -
    if age > 18 and age < 25 and beatiful:  # and为逻辑运算符
        print("I am really into you!")
    elif age < 18 and beatiful:
        print("你妈妈喊你回家吃饭啦.")
    else:
        print("Bye.")

    # - ×分支 (Python没有分支(switch)判断) -


def loop():
    # === 循环语句 ===
    number1 = 5

    # - while (可嵌套) -
    while number1 <= 10:
        print("number:%d" % number1)
        number1 += 1

    while True:
        number1 -= 1
        print("True")
        if number1 < 7:
            break
    else:
        print("False")

    # - for (可嵌套) -
    for i in range(5):  # 循环5次
        print("for:range:%d" % i)

    lis = ["a", "b", "c"]
    for i in lis:  # 按列表中的值循环
        print("for:ray:%s" % i)

    for i in range(10):  # 循环10次后没有课循环元素, 执行else语句
        print(i)
    else:
        print("else")


def control():
    # === 控制语句 ===
    # - break - # 结束(一层)循环, 作用范围: for / while (无作用:if)
    for i in range(5):
        if i == 2:
            print("numberB:break")
            break
        print("numberB:%d" % i)

    # - continue - # 跳过本次(一层)循环, 作用范围: for / while (无作用:if)
    for i in range(5):
        if i == 2:
            print("numberC:continue")
            continue
        print("numberC:%d" % i)


# === 封装 ===
# - def 函数(方法) -
def method():
    print("method")


# ======= 函数调用 ======
if __name__ == "__main__":
    hello_world()
    explanatory_note()
    variable()
    type_conversion()
    input_output()
    judge()
    loop()
    control()
    method()
# ======= 函数调用 ======