NSDictionary类简介
1. 以key-object的形式保存数据,是一个集合类(collection)
2. 词典中词条的保存是无序的
3. 不可变词典(内容一旦init后就不能更改)
4. 既然不能更改,当然就不能进行删除、替换、增加操作,只能查询
5. key值不能重复
属性表(@property)
@property | 描述 |
---|---|
@property(readonly) NSUInteger count | 词典词条的数量 |
@property(readonly, copy) NSArray < KeyType > *allKeys | 词典的所有键值(数组) |
@property(readonly, copy) NSArray < ObjectType > *allValues | 词典的所有词条(数组) |
@property(readonly, copy) NSString *description | 描述词典内容的字符串(plist格式) |
@property(readonly, copy) NSString *descriptionInStringsFileFormat | 描述.string格式文件的词典内容的字符串 |
常用方法
常用类方法
词典对象的生成
+ (instancetype)dictionary // 生成并返回一个空的词典对象
+ (instancetype)dictionaryWithObject:(ObjectType)anObject forKey:(id<NSCopying>)aKey // 根据akey和anObject返回一个词典对象
常用实例方法
词典对象的初始化
- (instancetype)initWithObjects:(NSArray<ObjectType>
*)objects forKeys:(NSArray<id<NSCopying>> *)keys //分别从objects和keys数组中取出一个元素作为 key - object 键值对,并返回包含该键值对的词典对象
便利构造器:dictionaryWithObjects : forKeys :
- (instancetype)initWithObjects:(const ObjectType _Nonnull
[])objects forKeys:(const id<NSCopying> _Nonnull [])keys
count:(NSUInteger)count //用objects和keys数组的元素来生成count条词条的词典对象
便利构造器:dictionaryWithObjects : forKeys : count :
- (instancetype)initWithObjectsAndKeys:(id)firstObject, ... //使用指定的object - key来创建词典对象,以nil作为结束
便利构造器:dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys :
- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:
(NSDictionary<KeyType,ObjectType> *)otherDictionary //用一个已经存在的词典对象创建一个词典对象(注:此处的otherDictionary可以是可变词典对象)
便利构造器:dictionaryWithDictionary :
词典对象的访问
- (NSUInteger) count //返回词条数量
- (ObjectType)objectForKey:(KeyType)aKey //返回akey对应的值,若不存在则返回nil
- (NSArray <KeyType> *)allKeys //返回词典中所有对象的key
- (NSArray <KeyType> *)allValues //返回词典中所有的值对象
- (NSEnumerator<ObjectType> *)keyEnumerator //返回一个可以快速访问词典中所有关键字的 快速枚举器
- (NSEnumerator<ObjectType> *)objectEnumerator //返回一个可以快速访问词典中所有值对象的 快速枚举器
- (NSArray<KeyType> *)allKeysForObject:(ObjectType)anObject //返回词典中所有值对象为anObject的key数组
词典对象的比较
- (BOOL)isEqualToDictionary:
(NSDictionary<KeyType,ObjectType> *)otherDictionary //如果两个词典的词条数和key - object都是一样就返回YES
词典对象,文件输入与输出
- (NSString *)description //以ASCII编码的属性列表格式输出词典的词条
- (NSDictionary<KeyType,ObjectType>*)initWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path //根据属性列表格式保存的文件来初始化词典对象
便利构造器:dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:
- (BOOL)writeToFile:(NSString *)path atomically:(BOOL)flag //把代表这个词典内容的属性列表输出到指定的文件(flag是控制写入的,如果为YES则表示完全写入)
参考方法:writeToFile: atomically: encoding: error:
词典对象的遍历
for (... in ...) {
...
}
- (void)enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:(void (^)(KeyType
key, ObjectType obj, BOOL *stop))block
词典对象,小试牛刀
//Xcode 7.2
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
//1.词典对象的生成
NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionary]; //返回空的词典对象
NSLog(@"dict --> %@",[dict description]); //打印对象的内容,返回一个字符串“{ 内容在这 }”
//1.1 返回一个以dict - dict1(key - object)的词典对象
NSDictionary *dict1 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"dict1" forKey:@"dict"];
NSLog(@"dict1 --> %@",[dict1 description]);
//1.2 返回一个以dict - 1(key - object)的词典对象 (@1,是指NSValue 1)
NSDictionary *dict1_1 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@1 forKey:@"dict"];
NSLog(@"dict1_1 --> %@",[dict1_1 description]);
//2.词典对象的初始化
//2.1 返回一个以@[@"-1-",@"-2-",@"-3-"] - @[@1,@2,@3]为基础逐一创建的,“-1-” - 1,“-2-” - 2,“-3-” - 3共三条词条的词典对象
NSDictionary *dict2 = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:@[@1,@2,@3] forKeys:@[@"-1-",@"-2-",@"-3-"]];
NSLog(@"dict2 --> %@",[dict2 description]);
//2.2 IOS 8可以用,但IOS 9才行被搞死了 T_T
// __unsafe_unretained NSArray * _Nonnull arryObjects = @[@"one",@"two",@"三"];
// __unsafe_unretained NSArray * _Nonnull arrayKeys = @[@1,@2,@3];
// NSDictionary *dict2_1 = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjects:arryObjects forKeys:arrayKeys count:4];
// NSLog(@"dict2_1 --> %@",[dict2_1 description]);
//报错信息:Implicit conversion of an Objective-C pointer to 'const id _Nonnull __unsafe_unretained *' is disallowed with ARC
//2.3
NSDictionary *dict2_2 = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:@"object1", @"key1", @"object2", @"key2", nil];
NSLog(@"dict2_2 --> %@",[dict2_2 description]);
//2.4
NSDictionary *dict2_3 = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dict2_2];
NSLog(@"dict2_3 --> %@",[dict2_3 description]);
//3.词典对象的访问
NSDictionary *dict3 = @{@1 : @"one", @2 : @"two", @3 : @[@"three",@"four"], @4 : @"one"};
//3.1 词条的数量
NSLog(@"dict3 --> %@,词条数:%lu",[dict3 description], [dict3 count]);
//3.2 根据 key 寻找 object
NSLog(@"dict3 --> %@", [dict3 objectForKey:@2]);
NSLog(@"dict3 --> %@", [dict3 objectForKey:@3]);
//3.3 返回包含所有key的数组
NSArray *arryAllKeys = [dict3 allKeys];
for (NSNumber *key in arryAllKeys) {
NSLog(@"Allkeys --> %@", [key description]);
}
//3.4 返回一个枚举器
NSEnumerator * enumer = [dict3 keyEnumerator];
for (NSNumber *key in enumer) {
NSLog(@"enumerkeys --> %@", [key description]);
}
//3.5 返回一个包含@“one”的所有关键字的数组
NSArray *arryOneKeys = [dict3 allKeysForObject:@"one"];
for (NSNumber *key in arryOneKeys) {
NSLog(@"onekeys --> %@", [key description]);
}
//4.词典对象的比较
NSDictionary *dict4_1 = @{@1 : @"one", @2 : @"two", @3 : @"three"};
NSDictionary *dict4_2 = @{@1 : @"one", @2 : @"two", @3 : @"three"};
NSDictionary *dict4_3 = @{@1 : @"one", @2 : @"two"};
NSDictionary *dict4_4 = @{@1 : @"一", @2 : @"二", @3 : @"三"};
//只有key和object完全一样才会返回YES
[dict4_1 isEqualToDictionary:dict4_2] ? NSLog(@"dict4_1 & dict4_2: YES"): NSLog(@"dict4_1 & dict4_2: NO");
[dict4_1 isEqualToDictionary:dict4_3] ? NSLog(@"dict4_1 & dict4_3: YES"): NSLog(@"dict4_1 & dict4_3: NO");
[dict4_3 isEqualToDictionary:dict4_4] ? NSLog(@"dict4_3 & dict4_4: YES"): NSLog(@"dict4_3 & dict4_4: NO");
//5.词典对象与文件操作
//5.1 根据plist文件来创建词典
NSDictionary *dict5 = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:@"/Users/windy/Desktop/OC pros/NSDictionaryTest/dict.plist"];
NSLog(@"dict5 --> %@", [dict5 description]);
//5.2 把词典词条写进文件
NSDictionary *dict5_1 = @{@"一" : @[@"one",@"one one"], @"二" : @3};
[dict5_1 writeToFile:@"/Users/windy/Desktop/OC pros/NSDictionaryTest/dict2.plist" atomically:YES];
//5.3 把词典词条读取出来,使用的是initWithContentsOfFile:的便利构造器dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:
NSDictionary *dict5_2 = [[NSDictionary alloc] init];
dict5_2 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:@"/Users/windy/Desktop/OC pros/NSDictionaryTest/dict2.plist"];
NSLog(@"dict5_2 --> %@", [dict5_2 description]);
//6.利用block遍历词典
NSDictionary *dict6 = @{@"china" : @"中国", @"Eng" : @"英国"};
[dict6 enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(id _Nonnull key, id _Nonnull obj, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
NSLog(@"dict6 --> key - obj: %@ = %@", key, obj);
}];
}
return 0;
}