django中的表单不是html中的那个表单.这个表单是用来验证数据的合法性的一个东西,也可以生成HTML代码.
使用表单
- 创建一个forms.py的文件,放在指定的app当中,然后在里面写表单.
- 表单是通过类实现的,继承自forms.Form,然后在里面定义要验证的字段.
- 在表单中,创建字段跟模型是一模一样的,但是没有null=True或者blank=True等这几种参数了,有的参数是required=True/False.
- 使用is_valid()方法可以验证用户提交的数据是否合法,而且HTML表单元素的name必须和django中的表单的name保持一致,否则匹配不到.
- is_bound属性:用来表示form是否绑定了数据,如果绑定了,则返回True,否则返回False.
- cleaned_data:这个是在is_valid()返回True的时候,保存用户提交上来的数据.
例子：
#-------------form.py------------
class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField(max_length=8,min_length=6)
password = forms.CharField(max_length=8,min_length=6,
widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'placeholder':'请输入密码'}),
error_messages={'min_length':'密码长度小于6',
'max_length':'密码长度超过8了'})
password_repeat = forms.CharField(max_length=8,#min_length=6,
widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'placeholder':'请再输入密码'}),
error_messages = {'min_length': '密码长度小于6'}
)
email = forms.EmailField()
字段类型中的一些参数
这些参数会对页面的输入做一些限制条件：
max_length 最大长度
min_length 最小长度
widget 负责渲染网页上HTML 表单的输入元素和提取提交的原始数据
attrs 包含渲染后的Widget 将要设置的HTML 属性
error_messages 报错信息
登录注册案例
# form.py
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField(label='用户名')
password = forms.CharField(label='密码',
widget = forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'placeholder': u'请输入密码 '}))
class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField(max_length=8,min_length=6)
password = forms.CharField(max_length=8 ,#min_length=6,
widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'placeholder':u'请输入密码'}),
error_messages={'min_length':u'密码长度小于6',
'max_length':u'密码长度超过8了'})
password_repeat = forms.CharField(max_length=8,#min_length=6,
widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'placeholder':u'请再输入密码'}),
error_messages = {'min_length': u'密码长度小于6'}
)
email = forms.EmailField()
# ------urls.py-------
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^home/$',views.home,name='ts22_home'),
url(r'^login/$',views.login,name='ts22_login'),
url(r'^logout/$',views.logout,name='ts22_logout'),
url(r'^register/$',views.register,name='ts22_register'),
]
#---------home.py------
<body>
欢迎 {{ username }} <br>
<a href="{% url 'ts22_login' %}">登录</a>
<a href="{% url 'ts22_register' %}">注册</a>
<a href="{% url 'ts22_logout' %}">退出</a>
</body>
# --------login.html--------
<body>
<form method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{userForm.as_p}}
<input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
# --------register.html------
<body>
<form method="post">
{%csrf_token%}
{{ from.as_p }}
<input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
# ----------views.py---------------
from django.shortcuts import render,reverse
from django.http import HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect
# Create your views here.
def home(request):
username = request.session.get('username','未登录')
return render(request,'ts22/home.html',
{'username':username})
from .models import UserModel
from .form import LoginForm,RegisterForm
def login(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
userForm = LoginForm()
return render(request,'ts22/login.html',
{'userForm':userForm})
elif request.method == 'POST':
username = request.POST.get('username')
password = request.POST.get('password')
userModel = UserModel.objects.filter(username=username,password=password)
if userModel:
# response = HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('ts11_home'))
# response.set_cookie('usename',username)
request.session['username']=username
# request.session.set_expiry(180)
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('ts22_home'))
else:
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('ts22_register'))
def logout(request):
request.session.flush()
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('ts22_home'))
def register(request):
if request.method == 'GET':
form = RegisterForm()
return render(request,'ts22/login.html',
{'userForm':form})
elif request.method == 'POST':
form = RegisterForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
username = form.cleaned_data.get('username', None)
password = form.cleaned_data.get('password', None)
password_repeat = form.cleaned_data.get('password_repeat', None)
email = form.cleaned_data.get('email', None)
if password == password_repeat:
user = UserModel()
user.username = username
user.password = password
user.email = email
user.save()
return HttpResponse('注册成功')
else:
return HttpResponse('注册失败')
