使用matplotlib包绘制气泡图

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# create data
x = np.random.rand(40)
y = np.random.rand(40)
z = np.random.rand(40)

# use the scatter function
# 绘制基础气泡图
# s=z*1000参数设置气泡的大小
plt.scatter(x, y, s=z*1000, alpha=0.5)

# show the graph
plt.show()

image.png

# Change color with c and alpha
# 设置c="red"参数更改气泡的颜色
plt.scatter(x, y, s=z*4000, c="red", alpha=0.4)

# show the graph
plt.show()

image.png

# Change shape with marker
# 设置marker="D"参数更改气泡的形状
plt.scatter(x, y, s=z*4000, marker="D")

# show the graph
plt.show()

image.png

# Change line around dot
# 设置linewidth=6参数更改气泡的边框大小
plt.scatter(x, y, s=z*4000, c="green", alpha=0.4, linewidth=6)

# show the graph
plt.show()

image.png

# Change color with c and transparency with alpha. 
# I map the color to the X axis value.
plt.scatter(x, y, s=z*2000, c=x, cmap="Accent", alpha=0.4, edgecolors="grey", linewidth=2)

# Add titles (main and on axis)
# 添加坐标轴和标题信息
plt.xlabel("the X axis")
plt.ylabel("the Y axis")
plt.title("A colored bubble plot")

# Show the graph
plt.show()

image.png

使用seaborn包绘制气泡图

# libraries
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
from gapminder import gapminder # import data set 

# Control figure size for this notebook:
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = [8, 8]

# data 
data = gapminder.loc[gapminder.year == 2007]
data.head()

# use the scatterplot function to build the bubble map
sns.scatterplot(data=data, x="gdpPercap", y="lifeExp", size="pop", legend=False)

# show the graph
plt.show()

image.png

# use the scatterplot function
# 设置sizes=(20, 800)参数控制气泡大小的范围
sns.scatterplot(data=data, x="gdpPercap", y="lifeExp", size="pop", alpha=0.5, sizes=(20, 800))

# show the graph
plt.show()

image.png

# use the scatterplot function
# 设置hue="continent"参数控制分组颜色
sns.scatterplot(data=data, x="gdpPercap", y="lifeExp", size="pop", hue="continent", alpha=0.5, sizes=(20, 400))

# show the graph
plt.show()

image.png

# set seaborn "whitegrid" theme
sns.set_style("darkgrid")

# use the scatterplot function
sns.scatterplot(data=data, x="gdpPercap", y="lifeExp", size="pop", 
                hue="continent", palette="viridis", 
                edgecolors="black", alpha=0.5, sizes=(10, 1000))

# Add titles (main and on axis)
plt.xlabel("Gdp per Capita")
plt.ylabel("Life Expectancy")

# Locate the legend outside of the plot
# plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1, 1), loc='upper left', fontsize=17)

# show the graph
plt.show()

image.png

参考来源：https://www.python-graph-gallery.com/bubble-plot/