MPEG
MPEG,全称Moving Picture Expert Group,动态图像专家组,1988年5月由ISO和IEC联合成立。下图是该小组所在的组织架构图
MPEG制定了音视频的很多标准,有MPEG-1,MPEG-2,MPEG-4,MPEG-7,MPEG-21
MPEG-1
MPEG-1标准主要为CD光盘介质定制音视频压缩格式,它采用了块方式的运动补偿、离散余弦变换(DCT)、量化等技术,并为1.2Mbps传输速率进行了优化,后来被广泛应用在VCD光盘。MPEG-1将音频压缩协议分三层,分别为MPEG-1 Layer1,MPEG-Layer2以及MPEG-Layer3,并且高层兼容低层。其中第三层协议被称为MPEG-1 Layer 3,简称MP3。
MPEG-1标准文档编号为ISO/IEC 11172,http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=22412 ,目录结构如下:
- ISO/IEC 11172-1:1993 -- Part 1: Systems
- ISO/IEC 11172-2:1993 -- Part 2: Video
- ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993 -- Part 3: Audio
- ISO/IEC 11172-4:1995 --Part 4: Compliance testing
- ISO/IEC TR 11172-5:1998 -- Part 5: Software simulation
MPEG-2
MPEG-2是基于数字存储媒体运动图像和语音的压缩标准,与MPEG-1标准相比,MPEG-2标准具有更高的图像质量、更多的图像格式和传输码率的图像压缩标准。其主要应用领域有DVD,广播,有线电视网,卫星直播。
MPEG-2标准文档编号ISO/IEC 13818,http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=22989 ,文档目录结构如下:
- ISO/IEC 13818-1:2000 -- Systems
- ISO/IEC 13818-2:2000 --Video
- ISO/IEC 13818-3:1998 -- Part 3: Audio
- ISO/IEC 13818-4:1998 -- Part 4: Conformance testing
- ISO/IEC 13818-4:1998/Cor 2:1998
- ISO/IEC 13818-4:1998/Amd 1:1999 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) conformance testing
- ISO/IEC 13818-4:1998/Amd 2:2000 System target decoder model
- ISO/IEC 13818-4:1998/Amd 3:2000 Additional audio conformance bitstreams
- ISO/IEC TR 13818-5:1997 -- Part 5: Software simulation
- ISO/IEC TR 13818-5:1997/Amd 1:1999 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC)
- ISO/IEC 13818-6:-- Part 6: Extensions for DSM-CC
- ISO/IEC 13818-6:1998/Cor 1:1999
- ISO/IEC 13818-6:1998/Amd 1:2000 Additions to support data broadcasting
- ISO/IEC 13818-6:1998/Amd 2:2000 Additions to support synchronized download services,opportunistic data services and resource announcement in broadcast and interactive services
- ISO/IEC 13818-7:1997 -- Part 7: Advanced Audio Coding (AAC)
- ISO/IEC 13818-7:1997/Cor 1:1998
- ISO/IEC 13818-9:1996 -- Part 9: Extension for real time interface for systems decoders
- ISO/IEC 13818-10:1999 -- Part 10: Conformance extensions for Digital Storage Media
- Command and Control (DSM-CC)
其中Part 7定义了AAC的编解码的规范
MPEG-4
MPEG4不仅是针对一定比特率下的视频、音频编码,更加注重多媒体系统的交互性和灵活性。与MPEG-1和MPEG-2相比,MPEG-4的特点是其更适于交互AV服务以及远程监控。
MPEG-4标准文档编号ISO/IEC 14496,http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59240 ,文档目录结构如下:
- ISO/IEC 14496-1 Systems
- ISO/IEC 14496-2 Visual
- ISO/IEC 14496-3 Audio
- ISO/IEC 14496-4 Conformance
- ISO/IEC 14496-5 Reference
- ISO/IEC 14496-6 Delivery MultimediaIntegration Framework (DMIF)
- ISO/IECTR 14496-7 Optimized reference software for coding of audio-visual objects
- ISO/IEC 14496-8 Carriage of ISO/IEC 14496contents over IP networks
- ISO/IECTR 14496-9 Reference hardware description
- ISO/IEC 14496-10 Advanced Video Coding (AVC)
- ISO/IEC 14496-11 Scene description andapplication engine
- ISO/IEC 14496-12 ISO base media file format
- ISO/IEC 14496-13 Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP) Extensions
- ISO/IEC 14496-14 MP4 file format
- ISO/IEC 14496-15 Advanced Video Coding (AVC)file format
- ISO/IEC 14496-16 Animation Framework eXtension(AFX)
- ISO/IEC 14496-17 Streaming text format
- ISO/IEC 14496-18 Font compression and streaming F
- ISO/IEC 14496-19 Synthesized texture stream
- ISO/IEC 14496-20 Lightweight Application SceneRepresentation (LASeR) and Simple Aggregation Format (SAF)
- ISO/IEC 14496-21 Graphics Framework eXtensions(GFX)
- ISO/IEC 14496-22 Open Font Format
- ISO/IEC 14496-23 Symbolic Music Representation(SMR)
- ISO/IECTR 14496-24 Audio and systems interaction
- ISO/IEC 14496-25 3D Graphics Compression Model
- ISO/IEC 14496-26 Audio Conformance
- ISO/IEC 14496-27 3D Graphics conformance
- ISO/IECCD 14496-28 Composite font representation
其中Part 10 AVC,它和H.264一起定义了高度压缩数字视频编解码器标准,这个标准通常被称之为H.264/AVC(或者AVC/H.264或者H.264/MPEG-4 AVC或MPEG-4/H.264 AVC)。大多数网络视频都采用H.264标准。
MPEG-7
MPEG-7并不是一个视讯压缩标准,它是一个多媒体内容的描述标准。
MPEG-7标准文档编号ISO/IEC 15938, http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=39477 ,文档目录结构如下:
- ISO/IEC 15938-1 Systems
- ISO/IEC 15938-2 Description definition language
- ISO/IEC 15938-3 Visual
- ISO/IEC 15938-4 Audio
- ISO/IEC 15938-5 Multimedia description schemes
- ISO/IEC 15938-6 Reference software
- ISO/IEC 15938-7 Conformance testing
- ISO/IEC 15938-8 Extraction and use of MPEG-7 descriptions
- ISO/IEC 15938-9 Profiles and levels
- ISO/IEC 15938-10 Schema definition
- ISO/IEC 15938-11 MPEG-7 profile schemas
- ISO/IEC 15938-12 Query format
- ISO/IEC 15938-13 Compact descriptors for visual search
MPEG-21
MPEG-21是一个正在制定中的标准,它的目标是为未来多媒体的应用提供一个完整的平台。
MPEG-21标准文档编号ISO/IEC 21000, http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=37380 ,文档目录结构如下:
- ISO/IEC 21000-1 Vision, Technologies and Strategy
- ISO/IEC 21000-2 Digital Item Declaration
- ISO/IEC 21000-3 Digital Item Identification
- ISO/IEC 21000-4 Intellectual Property Management and Protection Components
- ISO/IEC 21000-5 Rights Expression Language