Chaptrer 4
License to Sin : Why Being Good Gives Us Permission to Be Bad
容忍罪恶，为何善行之后会有罪恶？
● From saints to sinners 从圣人到罪人
● The warm and fuzzy logic of licensing 许可的诡异逻辑
● Under the microscope : virtue and vice 深入剖析：善与恶
● When exercise licenses eating , a bride -to-be gains weight 锻炼导致多吃，准新娘无奈增重
● The problem with progress 关于进步的问题
● Willpower experiment :to revoke your license ,remenber the way 意志力实验：取消许可，牢记理由
● When tomorrow licenses today 今天犯错 明天补救
● Don't count your grilled chicken salad before it's hatched 向明天赊账
● Under the microscope : are you borrowing credie from tomorrow? 深入剖析：你是在向明天赊账吗？
►► words and phrases
（1） tempt [tɛmpt]
vt. 诱惑；引起；冒…的风险；使感兴趣
tempt sb to do sth 诱惑/ 劝说某人做某事
（2） tempting
adj. 吸引人的；诱惑人的 ， a tempting job offer 一个诱人的工作机会
v. 引诱（tempt的ing形式）
比较级 more tempting最高级 most tempting
be tempting to do sth
eg：It’s tempting to believe her story. 真想相信她的故事。
（3） in light of
根据；鉴于；从…观点
eg: In general, the mentor influences what he or she can in light of personal experience, passion, and the constraints of the workplace.
总的来说，指导者根据个人经验、热情，和工作场所的约束条件影响他或她可以影响的东西。
【书中出处】：It's tempting to interpret these stories in light of the limits of self-control.
依据“自控力有限”这个理论来解释这些故事就很容易了。
（4） tremendous [trə'mɛndəs]
adj. 极大的，巨大的；惊人的；极好的
be under tremendous pressure 承受着巨大的压力
eg:Each of these men was under tremendous pressure . 这些人都处在巨大的压力下。
（5） temptation [tɛmp'teʃən]
n. 引诱；诱惑物
give in to 屈服于，向…让步；向…投降：
give in to sth 对……做出让步
give sth in to sb 向…呈上；向…交上(试卷等)：
【书中出处】Sometimes we make a conscious choice to give in to temptation. 有时，我们是有意识的选择向诱惑屈服。
eg: Don't give in to temptation. 要经得住诱惑。
eg:The director has threatened to give his resignation in to the Board. 经理威胁要向董事会提出辞呈。
( 6 ) in some cases 在某些情况下；有时候
eg: In some cases, we have to ask people to leave or they leave on their own.
在某些情况下，我需要让有些人,离开，或者等他们主动离开。
In Each Case 在不同情况下,每例,各1例,各例
eg: In each case, the interlocutor inquires of the viewer, “What might this be?
每一个个案中，询问者都会问观看者，“这可能是什么呢？”
（7）discriminate [dɪ'skrɪmɪnet]
vt. 歧视；区别；辨别
vi. 区别；辨别
discrimination n. 歧视；区别，辨别；识别力
discriminative adj. 区别的，歧视的；有识别力的
discriminate against 歧视；排斥
eg：I can discriminate right from wrong. 我能辨别是非。
（8）blind [blaɪnd]
adj. 盲目的；瞎的
adv. 盲目地；看不见地
n. 掩饰，借口；百叶窗
vt. 使失明；使失去理智
be blind to sth 对某事物缺乏辨识能力
turn a blind eye (to sth) （对某事物）视若无睹，装作看不见
【书中出处】It wasn't that they wanted to discriminate-they simply let the glow（发光，光辉） of their earlier good behavior blind them to the harm of their decisions. 这并不是说他们想歧视，他们只是被之前良好的行为蒙蔽而不能看到这些决定带来的伤害。
（8）indulgence [ɪn'dʌldʒəns]
n. 嗜好；放纵；纵容；沉溺
过去式 indulgenced过去分词 indulgenced现在分词 indulgencing
eg：Constant indulgence in bad habits brought about his ruin.
经常沉溺于恶习导致了他的毁灭。
（9） turn into
v,变成，使变成，进入，变为
turn loss into gain 转亏为盈扭亏为盈
turn it into love 变成爱
turn your wants into shoulds 把“想做的事情”变成“必须做的事情”
（10） procrastination [pro,kræstə'neʃən]
n. 耽搁，拖延；拖延症
Avoid Procrastination 切忌拖拉
Controlling Procrastination 控制拖沓
Procrastination is the thief of time. 拖延就是浪费时间。
►►Sentence
♬ （1）
In each case, we'll see that giving in is a choice, and not an inevitable one.By seeing how we give ourselves permission, we can also discover how to keep ourselves on track. 每一次，我们都会发现放弃是一种选择，并非不可避免。了解我们是如何给自己许可的，能让我们学会如何不离正轨。
♬ （2）
Anything you moralize becomes fair game for the effect of moral licensing（道德许可）. If you tell yourself that you’re “good” when you exercise and “bad” when you don’t, then you’re more likely to skip the gym（不去健身） tomorrow if you work out（解决、实现） today. Tell yourself you’re “good” for working on an important project and “bad” for procrastinating（拖延、耽搁）, and you’re more likely to slack off（偷懒、懈怠） in the afternoon if you made progress in the morning. Simply put: Whenever we have conflicting desires（对立思想）, being good gives us permission to be a little bit bad.
任何被我们 道德化的东西都会受到“道德许可效应”的影响，如果你去锻炼了就说自己很“好”，没去锻炼的时候就说自己很“坏”，那么很可能因为你今天锻炼了，明天就不去了。如果你去处理了一个重要项目就说自己很“好”，拖延着不去处理就说自己很“坏”，那么很可能因为你早上取得了进步，下午就变懒散了。简单来说，只要我们的思想中存在正反两方，好的行为就总是会允许我们做点坏事。
♬ （3）
They offer the justification（n,辩护，认为有理）, “I was so good, I deserve a little treat.” This sense of entitlement（n,权利，津贴） too often becomes our downfall. Because we’re quick to view self-indulgence（n，自我放纵） as the best reward for（作为...的酬谢） virtue, we forget our real goals and give in to temptation.
他们这样为自己辩解：“我已经这么好了，值得一点奖励。”这种对补偿的渴望 常常使我们堕落。因为我们很容易认为，纵容自己就是对美德最好的奖励，我们忘记了自己真正的目标，向诱惑屈服了。
♬ （4）
If a behavior—like having another slice of birthday cake or putting one more little thing on our credit cards-doesn’t trigger(引发、触发) that instinctive（adj,本能的，直觉的） feeling of “wrongness,” we don’t tend to question our impulses（冲动）. This is how feeling good about ourselves for past good behavior helps us justify（vt. 证明…是正当的；替…辩护） future indulgences.
如果一个行为没有让你心里产生错误的感觉，比如多吃了一块生日蛋糕，或者多刷了一件小东西，我们一般不会质问自己的冲动。因为过去的善行而感觉良好，这为你今后的纵容找到借口。
♬ （5）
when you tell yourself that exercising, saving money, or giving up smoking is the right thing to do-not something that will help you meet your goals—you’re less likely to do it consistently（adv，一贯的，始终如一的）.
如果你告诉自己，锻炼、存钱或者戒烟是正确的事，而不是件能让你达成目标的事，你就不太可能持之以恒了。
♬ （6）
By thinking about exercise as earning food, Cheryl was undermining （破坏）her goal to lose weight. To get out of this licensing trap, She needed to see exercise as a necessary step to achieving her goal, and healthier eating as a second, independent step she also had to take. They weren't interchangeable “good” behaviors, and succeeding at one didn't license her to take it easier on the other.
当谢丽尔觉得锻炼就能够多吃的话，她就是在破坏自己的减肥目标。为了从这种许可的陷阱里走出来，她需要将锻炼看成是实现目标的一个必要方法，而健康的饮食是另一个她必须坚持的另一个独立方法。它们是不能互换的善行，即使一个取得了成功，也不能对另外一个放松。
♬ （7）
Focusing on progress can hold us back from success. That’s not to say that progress itself is a problem. The problem with progress is how it makes us feel-and even then, it's only a problem if we listen to the feeling instead of sticking to our goals.
聚焦在进步上确实会让我们离成功越来越远，这倒不是说进步本身是个问题。问题在于进步给我们带来的感觉，更进一步说，问题是，我们不能坚持自己的目标，而是听从自己的感觉。
♬ （8）
As you go about making decisions related to your willpower challenge, notice if the promise of future good behavior comes up in your thinking. Do you tell yourself you will make up for today’s behavior tomorrow? What effect does this have on your self-control today? For extra credit, keep paying attention—all the way to tomorrow. Do you actually do what you said you would, or does the cycle of “indulge today, change tomorrow” begin again?
当你要做与意志力挑战有关的行动时，注意一下，你脑子里是否闪过“未来再好好表现”的承诺。你是否告诉自己明天再弥补今天的过错？这对你今天的自控有什么影响？一直保持关注，从今天到明天。你是不是真的做到了你所说的？或者说“今天放纵，明天改变”的循环又开始了？
♬ （9）
Our optimism about the future extends not just to our own choices, but to how easy it will be to do what we say we will do. Psychologists have shown that we wrongly predict we will have much more free time in the future than we do today.
对未来的乐观主义精神，不仅会影响我们自己的决定，还会影响我们究竟会不会按照自己所说的去做。心理学家已经证明了，我们错误的认为我们明天会比今天有更多的时间。
♬ （10）
The consumers always make mistakes in predicting how much they will use exercise equipment ,In fact ，90 percent of which is destined to collect dust in the basement.
消费者在预测运动器材的使用率上总是犯错，实际上，90%的运动器材只能在地下室的灰尘里度过余生。
►►Summary
Today's reading inspired a lot of ideas，from another angle to understand a lot of daily behavior, including indulgence, delay, feel good about themselves, reward yourself, and so on.
I find in daily life, we often in a self-suggestion trap,we tell ourselves to sin today, and make up for it later.When I am determined to do one thing, I should be more concerned about why I want to achieve the goaldid , i'll focu on commitment instead of progress.
Both exercise and diet is indispensable to get health conditions.
Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today.
（天天点评：
1、语法错误 Today's reading inspired a lot of ideas——，sth inspired me a lot）
修改后：Today's reading inspired me a lot 。
2、...including indulgence, delay, feel good about themselves, reward yourself, and so on.
including+n 或者 including+v- ing
...including indulgence, delay, feeling good about themselves, rewarding yourself, and so on.
修改版：
Today's reading inspired me a lot ，It makes me to understand a lot of daily behaviors, including indulgence, delay, feeling good about themselves, rewarding yourself and so on.
I find in daily life, we often in a self-suggestion trap,we tell ourselves to sin today, and make up for it later.When I am determined to do one thing, I should be more concerned about why I want to achieve the goal . I'll focuse on commitment instead of progress.
Both exercise and diet are indispensable to get health condditions.
Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today.
