自定义View的步骤
1、自定义属性
1)分析自定义的View中需要哪些的自定义属性,在res/values/attrs.xml中声明自定义属性,如下所示:
res/values/attrs.xml
<resources>
// CustomTitleView的自定义属性
<attr name="customTitleText" format="string"/>
<attr name="customTitleTextSize" format="dimension"/>
<attr name="customTitleTextColor" format="color"/>
<declare-styleable name="CustomTitleView">
<attr name="customTitleText"/>
<attr name="customTitleTextSize"/>
<attr name="customTitleTextColor"/>
</declare-styleable>
</resources>
2)在自定义的View的构造方法中获取自定义属性。
public CustomTitleView(Context context) {
this(context, null);
}
public CustomTitleView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
this(context, attrs, 0);
}
public CustomTitleView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
// 获取自定义样式属性
TypedArray a = context.getTheme()
.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CustomTitleView, defStyleAttr, 0);
int n = a.getIndexCount();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
int attr = a.getIndex(i);
switch (attr) {
case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_customTitleText:
mCustomTitleText = a.getString(attr);
break;
// 设置默认字体大小为16sp,TypeValue也可以把sp转化为px。
case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_customTitleTextSize:
mCustomTitleTextSize = a.getDimensionPixelSize(attr,
(int) TypedValue.applyDimension(
TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_SP,
16,
getResources().getDisplayMetrics()));
break;
// 设置默认字体颜色为黑色
case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_customTitleTextColor:
mCustomTitleTextColor = a.getColor(attr, Color.BLACK);
break;
}
}
// 最后记得释放资源
a.recycle();
}
在obtainStyledAttributes()中有四个参数,最后两个参数分别是defStyleAttr和defStyleRes。defStyleAttr指定的是在Theme style中定义的一个attr;而defStyleRes是自己指定的一个style,当且仅当defStyleAttr为0或者在Theme中找不到defStyleAttr指定的属性时才会生效。属性指定的优先级优大概是:xml>style>defStyleAttr>defStyleRes>Theme指定,当defStyleAttr为0时,就跳过defStyleAttr指定的reference,所以一般用0就能满足一些基本开发。
3)在XML布局文件中使用自定义View时设置自定义属性。
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<com.jun.androidexample.customview.CustomTitleView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:padding="12dp"
custom:customTitleText="8745"
custom:customTitleTextColor="#ff0000"
custom:customTitleTextSize="30sp"/>
</RelativeLayout>
2、onMesure()
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
/**
* 计算View的宽度
*/
// 获取widthMeasureSpec的Mode和Size
int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
// View的最终宽度
int width;
// 如果MeasureSpec的Mode是EXACTLY则最终的值直接等于MeasureSpec的Size
if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
width = widthSize;
} else { // 如果MeasureSpec的Mode是AT_MOST或UNSPECIFIED则需要测量其实际的值
// 实际测量的值
int desired = ...;
// 如果MeasureSpec的Mode是AT_MOST则最大不能超过MeasureSpec的Size
if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
// 所以最终的值等于MeasureSpec的Size和实际测量的值中的小的
width = Math.min(widthSize, desired);
} else {
// 如果MeasureSpec的Mode是UNSPECIFIED则最终的值直接等于实际测量的值
width = desired;
}
}
/**
* 计算View的高度
*/
// 获取heightMeasureSpec的Mode和Size
int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
// View的最终高度
int height;
// 如果MeasureSpec的Mode是EXACTLY则最终的值直接等于MeasureSpec的Size
if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
height = heightSize;
} else { // 如果MeasureSpec的Mode是AT_MOST或UNSPECIFIED则需要测量其实际的值
// 实际测量的值
int desired = ...;
// 如果MeasureSpec的Mode是AT_MOST则最大不能超过MeasureSpec的Size
if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
// 所以最终的值等于MeasureSpec的Size和实际测量的值中的小的
height = Math.min(heightSize, desired);
} else {
// 如果MeasureSpec的Mode是UNSPECIFIED则最终的值直接等于实际测量的值
height = desired;
}
}
// 设置测量的宽度和高度
setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
}
int型的widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec,在MeasureSpce中(在java中int型由4个字节(32bit)组成)前2位表示mode,后30位表示size。MeasureSpec的mode一共有三种类型:
1)EXACTLY:一般是android:layout_width或android:layout_height属性设置了明确的值或者是match_parent时,表示子View的大小就是MeasureSpec的size。
2)AT_MOST:一般是android:layout_width或android:layout_height属性设置成wrap_content,表示子View最大不超过MeasureSpec的size。
3)UNSPECIFIED:表示子View的大小不受限制也就是等于它实际测量的大小。
3、onDraw()
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
// 使用Canvas绘制View
...
}
根据实际的需求绘制View的形状。
4、onTouchEvent()
@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
switch (event.getAction()) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
...
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
...
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
...
break;
}
return true;
}
如果自定义的View需要自己处理特定的触摸事件,就需要重写onTouchEvent()。
示例:点击随机改变数字
效果
实现
res/values/attrs.xml
<resources>
// CustomTitleView的自定义属性
<attr name="customTitleText" format="string"/>
<attr name="customTitleTextSize" format="dimension"/>
<attr name="customTitleTextColor" format="color"/>
<declare-styleable name="CustomTitleView">
<attr name="customTitleText"/>
<attr name="customTitleTextSize"/>
<attr name="customTitleTextColor"/>
</declare-styleable>
</resources>
CustomTitleView.java
/**
* 自定义View
*/
public class CustomTitleView extends View {
// 声明自定义属性
private String mCustomTitleText;
private float mCustomTitleTextSize;
private int mCustomTitleTextColor;
private Paint mPaint;
private Rect mBound;
public CustomTitleView(Context context) {
this(context, null);
}
public CustomTitleView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
this(context, attrs, 0);
}
public CustomTitleView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
// 获取自定义样式属性
TypedArray a = context.getTheme()
.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CustomTitleView, defStyleAttr, 0);
int n = a.getIndexCount();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
int attr = a.getIndex(i);
switch (attr) {
case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_customTitleText:
mCustomTitleText = a.getString(attr);
break;
// 设置默认字体大小为16sp,TypeValue也可以把sp转化为px
case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_customTitleTextSize:
mCustomTitleTextSize = a.getDimensionPixelSize(attr,
(int) TypedValue.applyDimension(
TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_SP,
16,
getResources().getDisplayMetrics()));
break;
// 设置默认字体颜色为黑色
case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_customTitleTextColor:
mCustomTitleTextColor = a.getColor(attr, Color.BLACK);
break;
}
}
// 最后记得释放资源
a.recycle();
// 初始化Paint和Rect
mPaint = new Paint();
mBound = new Rect();
}
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
// 获取MeasureSpec的Mode和Size
int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
// 声明最终的值
int width;
int height;
// 如果MeasureSpec的Mode是EXACTLY则最终的值直接等于MeasureSpec的Size
if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
width = widthSize;
} else { // 如果MeasureSpec的Mode是AT_MOST或UNSPECIFIED则需要测量其实际的值
mPaint.setTextSize(mCustomTitleTextSize);
mPaint.getTextBounds(mCustomTitleText, 0, mCustomTitleText.length(), mBound);
float textWidth = mBound.width();
int desired = (int) (getPaddingLeft() + textWidth + getPaddingRight());
if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
// 如果MeasureSpec的Mode是AT_MOST则最大不能超过MeasureSpec的Size
// 所以最终的值等于MeasureSpec的Size和实际测量的值中的小的
width = Math.min(widthSize, desired);
} else {
// 如果MeasureSpec的Mode是UNSPECIFIED则最终的值直接等于实际测量的值
width = desired;
}
}
// 如果MeasureSpec的Mode是EXACTLY则最终的值直接等于MeasureSpec的Size
if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
height = heightSize;
} else { // 如果MeasureSpec的Mode是AT_MOST或UNSPECIFIED则需要测量其实际的值
mPaint.setTextSize(mCustomTitleTextSize);
mPaint.getTextBounds(mCustomTitleText, 0, mCustomTitleText.length(), mBound);
float textHeight = mBound.height();
int desired = (int) (getPaddingTop() + textHeight + getPaddingBottom());
if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
// 如果MeasureSpec的Mode是AT_MOST则最大不能超过MeasureSpec的Size
// 所以最终的值等于MeasureSpec的Size和实际测量的值中的小的
height = Math.min(heightSize, desired);
} else {
// 如果MeasureSpec的Mode是UNSPECIFIED则最终的值直接等于实际测量的值
height = desired;
}
}
// 设置测量的宽高
setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
// 绘制一个蓝色矩形的背景
mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
canvas.drawRect(0, 0, getMeasuredWidth(), getMeasuredHeight(), mPaint);
// 设置字体颜色
mPaint.setColor(mCustomTitleTextColor);
// 设置字体大小
mPaint.setTextSize(mCustomTitleTextSize);
// 获取文字的边界
mPaint.getTextBounds(mCustomTitleText, 0, mCustomTitleText.length(), mBound);
// 绘制文字
canvas.drawText(mCustomTitleText,
getWidth() / 2 - mBound.width() / 2,
getHeight() / 2 + mBound.height() / 2,
mPaint);
}
// 触摸事件处理
@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
switch (event.getAction()) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
// 随机数Text
mCustomTitleText = randomText();
// 重绘
invalidate();
break;
}
return true;
}
// 随机数Text
private String randomText() {
// 随机数
Random random = new Random();
// 要求数字不能相同
Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();
// 循环4次
while (set.size() < 4) {
// [0,10)中的随机数
int randomInt = random.nextInt(10);
set.add(randomInt);
}
// 将数字串连在一起
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (Integer i : set) {
sb.append("" + i);
}
return sb.toString();
}
}
其中,invalidate()在UI线程中调用,postInvalidate()在非UI线程中调用,都是重绘的意思就是会重新调用View的onDraw()方法。
activity_main.xml
<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<com.jun.androidexample.customview.CustomTitleView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:padding="12dp"
custom:customTitleText="8745"
custom:customTitleTextColor="#ff0000"
custom:customTitleTextSize="30sp"/>
</RelativeLayout>
MianActivity.java
public class MianActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
}