C++语言基础(04)

1.模板函数（泛型）

由下面函数发现，两个函数业务逻辑一样，数据类型不一样

void myswap(int& a,int& b){
    int tmp = 0;
    tmp = a;
    a = b;
    b = tmp;
}

void myswap(char& a, char& b){
    char tmp = 0;
    tmp = a;
    a = b;
    b = tmp;
}

于是：

template <typename T>
void myswap(T& a, T& b){
    T tmp = 0;
    tmp = a;
    a = b;
    b = tmp;
}

void main(){
    //根据实际类型，自动推导
    int a = 10, b = 20;
    myswap<int>(a,b);
    cout << a << "," << b << endl;

    char x = 'v', y = 'w';
    myswap(x, y);
    cout << x << "," << y << endl;

    system("pause");
}

模板类

//模板类
template<class T>
class A{
public:
    A(T a){
        this->a = a;
    }
protected:
    T a;
};

//普通类继承模板类
class B : public A<int>{
public:
    B(int a,int b) : A<int>(a){
        this->b = b;
    }
private:
    int b;
};

//模板类继承模板类
template <class T>
class C : public A<T>{
public:
    C(T c, T a) : A<T>(a){
        this->c = c;
    }
protected:
    T c;
};