TED Talk >> Hugh Evans: What does it mean to be a citizen of the world?

Now, some people's immediate reaction to this idea is that it's either a bit utopian or even threatening. So I'd like to share with you a little of my story today, how I ended up here, how it connects with Davinia and, hopefully, with you.

现在，有些人第一反应觉得这个想法有点不切实际的，甚至有些危险。所以今天想告诉你们一个我的小故事，告诉你，我是怎么最后站在这里的，以及这个故事是如何与Davinia联系的，并且可以的话 让你产生共鸣。

Growing up in Melbourne, Australia, I was one of those seriously irritating little kids that never, ever stopped asking, "Why?" You might have been one yourself. I used to ask my mum the most annoying questions. I'd ask her questions like, "Mum, why I can't I dress up and play with puppets all day?" "Why do you want fries with that?" "What is a shrimp, and why do we have to keep throwing them on the barbie?" "And mum -- this haircut. Why?"The worst haircut, I think. Still terrible.

我在澳大利亚的墨尔本长大，我曾是最调皮捣蛋的小孩子之一，并且不停地喜欢问为什么。你可能也是这样。我曾经问过我妈妈一个最恼人的问题。我问的是，妈妈，为什么我不能穿衣打扮，然后跟木偶玩上一整天？为什么你要薯条跟这个放一起呢？虾子是什么，而且为什么我们要把这货扔到芭比娃娃的头上？妈妈，我的头型为什么要弄成这样？我觉得是史上最丑头型，现在也是。

作为一个喜欢问为什么的男孩，我觉得我可以改变世界。而且那时我不可能会被说服。我12岁在初中的第一年，我开始筹钱去帮助那些发展中国家的社区。我们是一帮热情四溢的小毛孩儿，而且我们在澳大利亚筹到了最多的钱。因此我也得到了一个去菲律宾学习更多的机会。那时是1998年，我们被带到马尼拉郊外的一个贫民窑里。在那里我认识了一个叫Sonny Boy的男孩，他简直是生活在一堆冒热气的垃圾当中 。他们管这些垃圾叫”冒烟的山“ 。不要被这浪漫的名字给欺骗了，因为它只不过是散着变质恶臭味的垃圾堆。这些像Sonny Boy的孩子却要每天花大量的时间，去翻找这些垃圾，看里面有没有什么值钱的东西

That night with Sonny Boy and his family changed my life forever, because when it came time to go to sleep, we simply laid down on this concrete slab the size of half my bedroom with myself, Sonny Boy, and the rest of his family, seven of us in this long line, with the smell of rubbish all around us and cockroaches crawling all around. And I didn't sleep a wink, but I lay awake thinking to myself, "Why should anyone have to live like this when I have so much? Why should Sonny Boy's ability to live out his dreams be determined by where he's born, or what Warren Buffett called 'the ovarian lottery?'" I just didn't get it, and I needed to understand why.

那个夜晚，Sonny Boy和他的家庭，永久性地改变了我。因为当我们到了睡觉的时间，我们睡在混凝土的地板上，而它只有我的卧室一半大，却住着我、Sonny Boy和他的整个家庭。7个人睡成一条长线，闻着身边垃圾的臭味，蟑螂遍地都是。我没眨眼睛一直睡不着，我一边清醒着，一边问自己，为什么会有人住在这样的地方，当我有那么优厚的条件的时候。为什么Sonny Boy实现他梦想的能力，却由他的出生所决定？或者就像巴菲特说的 “卵巢彩票”？我就是不理解，而且我需要知道为什么。

Question

1. What is the Smoky Mountain?
   > a pile of steaming garbage
2. Why did Evans emphasize the fact the he always asked why when he was younger?
   > to show that he has always been examining new possibilities
3. A slum is
   > an overcrowded, poor area of a city

Now, I only later came to understand that the poverty I'd seen in the Philippines was the result of decisions made or not made, man-made, by a succession of colonial powers and corrupt governments who had anything but the interests of Sonny Boy at heart. Sure, they didn't create Smoky Mountain, but they may as well have. And if we're to try to help kids like Sonny Boy, it wouldn't work just to try to send him a few dollars or to try to clean up the garbage dump on which he lived, because the core of the problem lay elsewhere. And as I worked on community development projects over the coming years trying to help build schools, train teachers, and tackle HIV and AIDS, I came to see that community development should be driven by communities themselves, and that although charity is necessary, it's not sufficient. We need to confront these challenges on a global scale and in a systemic way. And the best thing I could do is try to mobilize a large group of citizens back home to insist that our leaders engage in that systemic change.

我后来才理解，我在菲律宾看到的贫穷，是各种决定和未决定， 由人制造的结果，像一个接一个的殖民地的，或是腐败的政府，拥有一切却对Sonny Boy这样的人的生活毫无兴趣。它们没有直接创造出”冒烟山“ 却也参与到了其中。如果我们想要帮助像Sonny Boy的孩子们，给他们一点小钱 ，或者清理他们的垃圾，都没有太大的用处。因为核心的问题还没有解决。在那几年我在那里的社区发展项目工作 ，试着帮助他们建学校、培训老师、应对艾滋病。我开始发现社区的发展，应该是由社区自身来驱动的。虽然对他们的施舍是必要的，但这些还不够。我们必须要用一个系统的方法，来面对这些全球性的困难。我能做的最好的就是，就是动员这些世界公民们回家，去坚持让我们的领导者，加入到这样系统性的改变当中。

That's why, a few years later, I joined with a group of college friends in bringing the Make Poverty History campaign to Australia. We had this dream of staging this small concert around the time of the G20 with local Aussie artists, and it suddenly exploded one day when we got a phone call from Bono, the Edge and Pearl Jam, who all agreed to headline our concert. I got a little bit excited that day, as you can see.

这也是为什么，几年以后，我跟我一群大学的朋友一起，在澳洲开展“让贫穷成为历史”的运动。秉持着这样的梦想，我们开展了一个小型的音乐会，就在G20峰会期间，囊括了许多澳大利亚的艺人。这个活动突然获得了巨大的成功，我们接到来自Bono, the Edge and Pearl Jam的电话，他们都答应来我们的音乐会当主角。那天我有点激动，你可以看得出来。

But to our amazement, the Australian government heard our collective voices, and they agreed to double investment into global health and development -- an additional 6.2 billion dollars. It felt like --

但令我们惊讶的是，澳大利亚政府听到了我们集体的声音。他们答应将对全球的健康和发展的支持提高一倍，增加了额外的总共62亿美元，这感觉就像——

It felt like this incredible validation. By rallying citizens together, we helped persuade our government to do the unthinkable, and act to fix a problem miles outside of our borders.

这感觉就像一个不可思议的验证。通过将世界公民聚集在一起，我们说服了我们的政府，去做一些不敢想象的事情，并采取行动去解决那些，我们边界外的，数英里远的地区的问题。

Question

1. What does the success of Evans's campaign demonstrate?
   > The power of communities can bring about meaningful change.
2. A musician who headlines a concert
   > is the concert's leading performer
3. How did Evan try to help people like Sonny Boy?
   > by mobilizing citizens to demand systematic changes