kubeadm快速部署k8s集群

1. 准备条件

  • 硬件：4core、2560MB、40GB
  • 软件版本：Docker version 20.10.24、kubernetes v1.22.0
  • 系统：Centos 7 64Bit

2. 主机设置

  • master 节点主机
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master
  • node1 节点主机
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1
  • node2 节点主机
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node2
  • 添加主机hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.31.200 k8s-master
192.168.31.201 k8s-node1
192.168.31.202 k8s-node2
EOF

3. 基础设置

如下设置所有集群主机均需要进行配置。

  • 更新主机系统软件yuan
  • 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
  • 关闭selinux
<!--setenforce 0  #临时-->
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  // 永久
  • 关闭swap内存交换
<!--swapoff -a  #临时-->
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab    // 永久
  • 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system  // 生效

sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
  • 设置时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time1.aliyun.com

4. 安装Docker、kubeadm、kubelet

所有集群主机均需要安装

4.1. 安装Docker

k8s v1.24版本以前默认CRI（容器运行时）为Docker。

$ cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors":[
    "https://<填写阿里云code>.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
    "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
  ],
  "graph": "/mnt/docker-data",
  "storage-driver": "overlay",
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF
4.2. 安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl
  • 添加阿里云YUM软件源
$ cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
  • 安装指定版本
$ yum install -y kubelet-1.22.0 kubeadm-1.22.0 kubectl-1.22.0
  • 设置自启动
$ systemctl enable kubelet

5. 部署Kubernetes Master

在Master节点执行
init 和 join 过程中如果出现问题，可用kubeadm reset命令重新执行。

  • 初始化节点
    由于默认拉取镜像地址k8s.gcr.io国内无法访问，这里指定阿里云镜像仓库地址。
$ kubeadm init \
 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.31.200 \  // 当前节点IP
 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
 --kubernetes-version v1.22.0 \
 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \  // 连接访问IP， 自定义不冲突就可以
 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16  // 连接访问IP， 自定义不冲突就可以
  • 执行初始化日志中命令
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
  • 查看集群节点
$ kubectl get nodes

6. 部署CNI网络插件

  • 下载部署文件kube-flannel.yml
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
  • 部署插件
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
  • 查看插件部署进度
kubectl get pods -n kube-system

7. 加入Kubernetes Node节点

在Node节点执行

  • 执行在kubeadm init输出的kubeadm join命令：
$ kubeadm join 192.168.1.11:6443 --token esce21.q6hetwm8si29qxwn \
 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:00603a05805807501d7181c3d60b478788408cfe6cedefedb1f97569708be9c5

token有效期为24小时，过期重建token使用如下命令：
kubeadm token create --print-join-command

8. 测试集群

  • 使用查看node 节点状态
kubectl get nodes
  • 查看pod是否已经正常running
kubectl get pod -n kube-system
  • 查看各组件健康状态：
<!--如果遇到unhealth 参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/wuliping/p/13780147.html-->
kubectl get cs
  • 在Kubernetes集群中创建一个pod，验证是否正常运行：
$ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
$ kubectl get pod,svc

9. 安装kuboard

安装文档：https://www.kuboard.cn/install/v3/install-in-k8s.html
访问地址：http://any-of-your-node-ip:32567
获取登录token：

echo $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep kuboard-user | awk '{print $1}') -o go-template='{{.data.token}}' | base64 -d)
 或
kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep kuboard-user | awk '{print $1}')

10. 结束！

附文档：

1. kube-flannel.yaml 文件
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
  name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
  annotations:
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
  privileged: false
  volumes:
    - configMap
    - secret
    - emptyDir
    - hostPath
  allowedHostPaths:
    - pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
    - pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
    - pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
  readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
  # Users and groups
  runAsUser:
    rule: RunAsAny
  supplementalGroups:
    rule: RunAsAny
  fsGroup:
    rule: RunAsAny
  # Privilege Escalation
  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  # Capabilities
  allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']
  defaultAddCapabilities: []
  requiredDropCapabilities: []
  # Host namespaces
  hostPID: false
  hostIPC: false
  hostNetwork: true
  hostPorts:
  - min: 0
    max: 65535
  # SELinux
  seLinux:
    # SELinux is unsed in CaaSP
    rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
  - apiGroups: ['extensions']
    resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
    verbs: ['use']
    resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - pods
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/status
    verbs:
      - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "cniVersion": "0.2.0",
      "name": "cbr0",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - amd64
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: lizhenliang/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64 
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: lizhenliang/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64 
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg

2.参考：https://www.modb.pro/db/623683

安装报错及解决方案

  1. [ERROR FileContent–proc-sys-net-ipv4-ip_forward]: /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward contents are not set to 1
    解决方式：执行如下命令
sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

2.listen tcp 192.168.31.200:2380: bind: cannot assign requested address
解决方式：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41298721/article/details/122700778

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