Nov 24 2021
Innovation Requires Decentralization and a Frontier 创新需要去中心化和引领者
Technology has swung us towards centralization in the last decade 在过去的历史中，技术使我们趋向中心化
纳瓦尔： 创新需要做很多事，其中一件是去中心化。
Naval: Innovation requires a couple of things. One of the things that it seems to require is decentralization.
我认为以下历史并非巧合：雅典城、意大利或美国——当时它更自由、联邦政府控制较少，是创新的温床。因为有很多很多的竞争，如果管理层的想法不被接受，人们可以从一个州切换到另一个州，同时代有许多激烈的思想竞争。
I don’t think it’s a coincidence that the Athenian city-states or the Italian city-states or even the United States—when it was more freeform and less federal government controlled—were hotbeds of innovation, because you had lots and lots of competition. People could switch from one state to another if their ideas weren’t welcome, and there was a robust competition of ideas.
真正重要的多样性是思想的多样性，而不是肤色的多样性。
The real diversity that matters is the diversity of ideas, not the diversity of skin color.
你还需要一个前沿的引领者，你需要探索新东西：要么是知识前沿，要么是物理前沿。我们已经占领了加利福尼亚，现在加州是组织、机构，它不再是狂野西部的前沿。也许我们需要一个太空，也许我们需要像加密货币一样的聪明才智。
You also need a frontier. You need something new to explore—either an intellectual frontier or a physical frontier. We’ve occupied California. If anything, now California is the institution, the establishment. It’s no longer the front of the Wild West. Maybe we need one in space. Maybe we need intellectual ones like we have in cryptocurrencies.
狂野西部的本质是，他们总是充满了骗子、充满犯罪、充满非常新奇的东西，这些往往会吸引奇怪的人群。但同时，也是很多创新发生的沃土。
It’s the nature of the Wild West that they’re always filled with scammers; they’re always filled with crimes; they’re always filled with very strange and odd things, because they tend to attract a weird crowd. But at the same time, it is where a lot of the innovation is going on.
我听到很多老派科学家和企业家的哀叹。“新的创业者会在哪里受到欢迎？”我认为 Y Combinator 的创始人保罗·格雷厄姆 （Paul Graham） 是一位才华横溢的人，他在推特上发表了类似的话：“乔布斯，像他这样的人在他的公司里待不了一天“，他会被他自己的团队灭掉。
I see a lot of lamenting from old school scientists and entrepreneurs. “Where are the new entrepreneurs welcome?” I think Paul Graham, the Y Combinator founder, a brilliant guy, tweeted something along the lines of, “Steve Jobs… and people like him wouldn’t last a day inside the companies they created.” He’d be canceled by his own team.
但今天的乔布斯将从事加密货币领域，他会和所有的骗子、所有的罪犯和所有的怪人一起进入加密货币领域，但至少在那里他有一个容许他奇怪的空间。他会有一个与众不同的地方，他会有一个空间来尝试新事物，而不用不断地回答其他人的问题。
But Steve Jobs today would be in crypto. He’d be in crypto with all the scammers and all the criminals and all the weirdos, but at least there he’d have a space to be weird. He’d have a place to be different. He’d have a place to try new things without having to constantly answer to someone.
中心化和去中心化之间存在反复（摇摆、周期）。There is a pendulum between centralization and decentralization.
例如，如果你看看加密世界，中心化金融最终会变得非常僵化。政府和监管机构会准确地告诉你：你能做什么，不能做什么。你会得到监管管制，接下来你会发现，华尔街正在从经济中吸走 20% 的利润，而加密货币可以取代它们。
For example, if you look at the crypto world, centralized finance ends up very ossified. You have the government and the regulators telling you exactly what you can and can’t do. You get regulatory capture, and next thing you know, Wall Street is sucking 20% of the profits out of the economy—and crypto can replace that.
因此，你会面临去中心化压力，人们可以通过自由形式、程序化的方式做到这一点。但最终也会遇到更多的诈骗、欺诈和损失。
So you get decentralization pressure where people can do it in a freeform, programmatic way. But then you end up with a lot more scams, fraud and losses as well.
一个类比是，在过去，你担心森林里的强盗，所以你向国王求助。国王建造了一个漂亮的城堡，国王铸钱。但接下来你知道了--国王让货币贬值，把人们关进监狱。然后有些人逃到森林里，他们又变成了强盗，因为他们想要自由。但现在，他们受到同伴的攻击和骚扰。
An analogy might be that, in olden times, you worried about brigands and robbers in the forest, so you appealed to the king. The king builds a nice keep, the king mints the money. But next thing you know, the king is debasing the currency and the king is throwing people in jail. Then some people run off into the forest and they become brigands again because they want their freedom. But now, of course, they’re subject to attacks and harassment from their peers.
因此，在历史上，中心化和去中心化之间存在着一个自然的周期（钟摆摆动），我认为在过去多年中，技术的趋势将我们推向了中心化。
So there’s a natural pendulum swing that goes on in history between centralization and decentralization, and I think the arc of technology actually swung us towards centralization in the last decade.
我是亚马逊的忠实粉丝，但它是一个非常中心化的实体，我认为即使在亚马逊这个行业也正在发生去中心化。像这样的东西 Shopify 正在出现，使小商店能够竞争。像 DoorDash 这样的本地送货服务是集中式服务，但它们允许分散的餐馆和当地商店大军及集中式服务竞争。
I’m a big fan of Amazon, but it’s a very centralized entity. I think that there’s a decentralization arc that is taking place even in that industry. Things like Shopify are coming up and enabling small stores to compete. Local delivery services like DoorDash are centralized services, but they’re allowing a decentralized army of restaurants and local shops to compete against centralized services.
我们将看到这个钟摆循环往复。
We’re going to see this arc go back and forth.
马丽：人性不会变，在此前提下，历史（中心化、时尚。。。）及大自然、世界中存在的现象都会循环往复，像钟摆一样，摆向一个极端最高点后，会返回来往反方向走，慢慢摆向另一端。太阳底下没有新鲜事，但新鲜事的存在形式就多种多样，所以可以不断地在科学--物理、知识中拓展更广的边界，在加州的边界外，再开拓一个火星或其他，让更广的宇宙和更多形式，来承接人类生生不息的好奇心。
世界真细小小小
小得真奇妙妙妙
实在真系细世界
娇小而妙俏
