最近一直在做下一个项目的计划，老板压活，实在做不完。我们呢，就去沟通，尽量说服。
相信工作的人都遇到过这样的事情。老板要求多干，我们呢，既要保证质量又要做完。每天的工作时间也有限，总不能无限的做。但是你只说一句做不完，相信没有一个老板会直接给你减少工作的。这个地方就需要一个有效的沟通。
拿出来分享一下，大家看有什么地方可以借鉴一下。再加上我们这个是学英语的号，今天写一篇中英对照版。
心态和时间分配
先说心态，大家一定明确一点，这是一个沟通的过程，不要有情绪。你可能觉得你做的已经很辛苦了，怎么还要加活。不过你反过来想，他也有老板呀，也是被人打压的不行了，才来找你。比你还惨。
再一个，事情做完了并不算完，你要把他沟通出去才行。如果得不到老板理解，八成是沟通做的不到位。按我做项目的经验，除了闷头干活，还有几个事情是很重要的。
1, 跟老板、客户等上游沟通汇报等
2, 跟销售、质保、售后等下游沟通工作
3, 项目内部沟通、调整
4, 培训学新东西、研究些新东西
5, 杂七杂八
6, 自己干活
这里面每个分类所花的时间，根据项目有所不同。我做的项目一般来说时间分配是这样的：1) 15%，2) 15%，3) 10%，4) 15%，5）15%。这些加在一起大约花掉 70% 的时间，剩下 30% 所有自己干活。
如果你的时间不是这样花的，那就要分析分析原因了。项目不同，时间花费必然也有所不同，并一定说非要按照这个时间分配。但至少你要有个谱，知道你的时间花在什么地方，什么原因。如果你只是没意识到上面某一种事情，那可能你就需要重新规划一下了。
制定范围和计划
计划阶段和老板沟通的事情大概三件：范围、计划（时间表）、资源（主要是预算或者说人员）。预算呢，其实大概都是有个数的，你能控制的比较有限，这里就不多说了。
范围和计划都很重要，但却是不同的两件事情，很多人并没意识到其中的区别。范围说白了就是做什么，计划是怎么做（包括时间表）。毕竟你的交货时间是固定的，在保证质量的前提下能控制的基本就是范围和计划。
所谓的老板压活，就是要让你做的范围大些。但是这个地方你要注意，你可能觉得老板让你做的所以你就做吧。有的时候可以，但是有的时候不好。因为多数时候老板这时候并没有做好计划，或者说计划做的很粗略。换个说法，他/她并不一定清楚他们在要求什么。老板们很忙，也做不过来。
或者反过来说，如果老板让你干什么你就干什么也行，这样的话你可能就比较初级。如果你能给老板省点心，就相对高级一些了。积累下来也就产生信任了。具体怎么考虑和沟通呢呢？简单，排计划，沟通！
怎么排计划
排计划就是把要做的事情拆小，然后一个一个计划。这个有一个专门的名词，叫做工作分解。英语叫 Work Breakdown Structure，或者取首字母，叫WBS。最简单的方法是，所有事情分三步：学习、实践、检验。在工作中换个稍微高大上一点的说法：调研、开发、质保。然后往上放人放时间。
拆开来最大的好处就是方便思考。你可以去问更有经验的人，也方便沟通。你就可以和你的老板逐个项目去过，去说服。都说服了，自然整体也就好了。否则的话，一句做不完可是不够的呀。
比如你想去欧洲旅游。第一件事是想去哪些国家，每个国家呆多久？英国呆两天，德国呆三天；还是区法国呆五天；又或者其他什么的。然后每个国家玩什么，购物、好吃的还是看景色？最后开始计划每天去什么地方做什么， 花多少钱。之后才能各自去公司请假，学校请假，也就自然都能计划出来了。
计划的事情就说这么多，项目管理范围还挺多的，以后慢慢穿插着也多少说些。欢迎讨论！
下面上英文版！
A few Thoughts on Project Management
I have been working on the planning of my next project. My boss wants more deliverable than we can deliver. We were trying to communicate and hopefully to persuade the bosses.
I believe every business person has experienced the same. The bosses want more; but we have to deliver with quality. Because the time to work is limited on each day. There is a limit on how much we can do. But I trust there is no boss in the world would buy in if you just say you cannot deliver. You have to communicate effectively.
Let me share what I think and you can pick up the thoughts that you find valuable. In addition, this account aims at English education, I will create an English version for comparison.
Mindset and Time Distribution
First of all, please keep in mind that this is a process of communication. Try not to involve too much of your emotions. You may think that you are already working very hard, why do they still want more? But let us put on their hat, your bosses also have bosses. They come to you only because they were demanded for answers. Worse than you do.
Also, the work is not done when you completed it. You have to communicate it. If your boss does not understand you, it is probably because you did not communicate effectively enough. According to my experience, there are a few thing very important than you head down on your own work.
1, Communicate with the upstream stakeholders such as your boss and your customers
2, Work with the downstream stakeholders like sales, quality assurance, support etc.
3, Team communication and coordination
4, Learning new things, research for new things
5, Miscellaneous
6, Head down on your own work
The time distribution among the items is different depending on different projects. From my experience, the distribution looks like this: 1) 15%，2) 15%，3) 10%，4) 15%，5）15%。In total, these consume about 70% of your time. The remaining 30% is which you can keep your head down.
If this is not how you are spending your time, then I suggest you to analyze for reasons. Different projects require different time spending, so it does not have to look exactly like this. But you need to know why, know where you are spending your time, and for what. If you are not doing any of above, just because you did not realize, then maybe a little bit of adjustment would be better.
Scoping and Planning
There are three major topics to discuss with your boss during planning phase: Scope, Plan (timeline), Resources (mainly budget or personnel). Budget is often relatively fixed, and not much room for adjustment. So we will not focus on this.
Scoping and Planning are both very important, but two different things. Many people do not realize their differences. Scoping is namely what to do, and the plan is how to do it (on what timeline). Given the delivery time if often fixed, and the quality is always to be assured, then pretty much the scoping and planning are the only factor that you can make a difference.
Pressure from your boss is probably they ask to you do a bigger scope. Here is the trick, you may think that you should do what your boss tells you to. Sometime this okay, but sometime not. Because often time, your boss does not have a good plan, or only have a rough plan. In other words, your boss may not be aware what he/she is asking for. The bosses are busy, this is just too much.
Or, we can look at this the other way around, if you do whatever your boss tells you to, then you are a little bit junior. If you can save some effort for your boss, then you are considered more senior. And over time, this becomes trust. How? Simple, make a plan and communicate.
How to Make a Plan
Making a plan is basically break things down and plan accordingly. There is a specific word for this: Work Breakdown Structure, or WBS for short. The simplest way is to divide everything into 3 steps: Learn, Do, Verify. Or a little bit fancier wording in professional work: Research, Development, Quality Assurance.
The biggest benefit with breaking things down is easier to think about it. You can then start asking around from more experienced people and also easier to communicate. You can go through every item one by one with your boss, and persuade. Once everything is done, the whole thing is done. Otherwise, a word of impossible, you cannot sell it.
For example, when you want to go for a trip in Europe. First thing you think is what countries do you go? How long do you stay at each of the countries? For example, 2 days in the UK, and 3 days in Germany; or maybe 5 days in France; or maybe something else. Then what to do at each of the countries, shopping, foods or sightseeing? The last thing is what to do each day, how much to spend. Then you will be able to ask for vacation from your employers, schools and now you have a plan.
Alright. Let us call it a day for the planning. There are a lot more about project management, and we may come back to this topic time to time. Welcome for any discussions!
