WebSocket:实时信息传递


功能描述

举个栗子,我们在浏览知乎等之类的网站时,如果有新内容更新了,那么在内容列表上方会弹出个小框,告诉你有新内容更新,你一点击,列表就更新。
再比如,我想实现论坛一有人发帖或者管理员改变了帖子的状态时,在论坛主页提醒用户们帖子内容有更新,可以点击按钮选择更新。

新内容提醒

实现细节
  • 关于WebSocket的原理可以看这里(建议看原文,我自己总结的太水。。。):

WebSocket的原理:WebSocket 是什么原理?为什么可以实现持久连接?
我看后总结的:WebSocket 是什么原理?为什么可以实现持久连接?(笔记)

  • 向所有人广播:
    WSAllController
package controller;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import javax.websocket.*;
import javax.websocket.server.*;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

/**
 * Created by 阿越 on 2017/6/6.
 */
@ServerEndpoint("/wsAll")
public class WSAllController {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WSAllController.class);

    public static Map<String, Session> clients = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Session>();

    /**
     * 打开连接时触发
     *
     * @param session
     */
    @OnOpen
    public void onOpen(Session session) {
        logger.info("Websocket Start Connecting:" + session.getId());
        System.out.println("进入:" + session.getId());
        clients.put(session.getId(), session);
    }

    /**
     * 收到客户端消息时触发
     *
     * @param message
     * @return
     */
    @OnMessage
    public String onMessage(String message) {
        return "Got your message (" + message + ").Thanks !";
    }

    /**
     * 异常时触发
     *
     * @param throwable
     */
    @OnError
    public void onError(Throwable throwable, Session session) {
        logger.info("Websocket Connection Exception:" + session.getId());
        logger.info(throwable.getMessage(), throwable);
        clients.remove(session.getId());
    }

    /**
     * 关闭连接时触发
     */
    @OnClose
    public void onClose(Session session) {
        logger.info("Websocket Close Connection:" + session.getId());
        clients.remove(session.getId());
    }


    /**
     * 向所有人广播
     *
     * @param message
     */
    public static void broadcastAll(String message) {
        Set<Map.Entry<String, Session>> set = clients.entrySet();
        for (Map.Entry<String, Session> i : set) {
            try {
                i.getValue().getBasicRemote().sendText(message);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

在处理业务的代码上调用broadcastAll(String message)方法

/**
   * 置顶
   *
   * @param request
   * @return
   */
  @RequestMapping("/setTop")
  public void setTop(...) throws IOException {
      ...
      WebsocketController.broadcastAll("有新内容");
      ...
  }

页面建立连接

<script type="text/javascript">
    $(function () {
        initSocket();
    });
    // ----------- webSocket begin -------------
    function initSocket() {

        var webSocket = null;

        window.onbeforeunload = function () {
            //离开页面时的其他操作
        };

        if (!window.WebSocket) {
            console("您的浏览器不支持websocket!");
            return false;
        }

        var target = 'ws://' + window.location.host + "/wsAll";

        if ('WebSocket' in window) {
            webSocket = new WebSocket(target);
        } else if ('MozWebSocket' in window) {
            webSocket = new MozWebSocket(target);
        } else {
            alert('WebSocket is not supported by this browser.');
            return;
        }


        // 收到服务端消息
        webSocket.onmessage = function (msg) {
            alert(msg);
            // 关闭连接
            webSocket.onclose();
            console.log(msg);
        };

        // 异常
        webSocket.onerror = function (event) {
            console.log(event);
        };

        // 建立连接
        webSocket.onopen = function (event) {
            console.log(event);
        };

        // 断线
        webSocket.onclose = function () {

            console.log("websocket断开连接");
        };
    }
    // ----------- webSocket end -------------
</script>
  • 向特定的客户广播:
    WSOneController
package controller;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import javax.websocket.*;
import javax.websocket.server.*;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

/**
 * Created by 阿越 on 2017/6/6.
 */
@ServerEndpoint("/wsOne/{myWebsocket}")
public class WSOneController {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WSOneController.class);

    public static Map<String, Session> clients = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Session>();

    /**
     * 打开连接时触发
     *
     * @param myWebsocket
     * @param session
     */
    @OnOpen
    public void onOpen(@PathParam("myWebsocket") String myWebsocket, Session session) {
        logger.info("Websocket Start Connecting:" + myWebsocket);
        System.out.println("进入:" + myWebsocket);
        clients.put(myWebsocket, session);
    }

    /**
     * 收到客户端消息时触发
     *
     * @param message
     * @return
     */
    @OnMessage
    public String onMessage(String message) {
        return "Got your message (" + message + ").Thanks !";
    }

    /**
     * 异常时触发
     *
     * @param myWebsocket
     * @param throwable
     */
    @OnError
    public void onError(@PathParam("myWebsocket") String myWebsocket, Throwable throwable) {
        logger.info("Websocket Connection Exception:" + myWebsocket);
        logger.info(throwable.getMessage(), throwable);
        clients.remove(myWebsocket);
    }

    /**
     * 关闭连接时触发
     *
     * @param myWebsocket
     */
    @OnClose
    public void onClose(@PathParam("myWebsocket") String myWebsocket) {
        logger.info("Websocket Close Connection:" + myWebsocket);
        clients.remove(myWebsocket);
    }


    /**
     * 异步的方式将数据传回客户端
     *
     * @param myWebsocket
     * @param message
     */
    public static void broadcast(String myWebsocket, String message) {
        if (clients.containsKey(myWebsocket)) {
            clients.get(myWebsocket).getAsyncRemote().sendText(message);
        } else {
            throw new NullPointerException("[" + myWebsocket + "]Connection does not exist");
        }
    }
}

在处理业务的代码上调用broadcast(String myWebsocket, String message)方法,假设此时的myWebsocket是post(帖子)

/**
   * 置顶
   *
   * @param request
   * @return
   */
  @RequestMapping("/setTop")
  public void setTop(...) throws IOException {
      ...
      WebsocketController.broadcast("post","有新内容");
      ...
  }

页面建立连接

<script type="text/javascript">
    $(function () {
        initSocket("post");
    });
    // ----------- webSocket begin -------------
    function initSocket(myWebsocket) {

        var webSocket = null;

        window.onbeforeunload = function () {
            //离开页面时的其他操作
        };

        if (!window.WebSocket) {
            console("您的浏览器不支持websocket!");
            return false;
        }

        var target = 'ws://' + window.location.host + "/wsAll/" + myWebsocket;

        if ('WebSocket' in window) {
            webSocket = new WebSocket(target);
        } else if ('MozWebSocket' in window) {
            webSocket = new MozWebSocket(target);
        } else {
            alert('WebSocket is not supported by this browser.');
            return;
        }


        // 收到服务端消息
        webSocket.onmessage = function (msg) {
            alert(msg);
            // 关闭连接
            webSocket.onclose();
            console.log(msg);
        };

        // 异常
        webSocket.onerror = function (event) {
            console.log(event);
        };

        // 建立连接
        webSocket.onopen = function (event) {
            console.log(event);
        };

        // 断线
        webSocket.onclose = function () {

            console.log("websocket断开连接");
        };
    }
    // ----------- webSocket end -------------
</script>

结果展示

初始列表:


初始列表

用户发帖或管理员修改帖子后(比如,我们把帖子“测试ayue”的加精状态去掉):


新内容提醒

点击“有新内容”按钮,进行列表更新(注意整个网页是没刷新,只有列表这部分刷新而已):


更新列表中

列表更新完毕

可以看到,帖子“测试ayue”的加精状态已经去掉了。


如果觉得文章对您有用,麻烦点击关注和喜欢,感谢支持!

最后编辑于
©著作权归作者所有,转载或内容合作请联系作者
平台声明:文章内容(如有图片或视频亦包括在内)由作者上传并发布,文章内容仅代表作者本人观点,简书系信息发布平台,仅提供信息存储服务。

推荐阅读更多精彩内容