Lesson 64 The Channel Tunnel
【New words and expressions】(13)
★tunnel n.隧道
channel n.海峡(The Channel 英吉利海峡)
★ventilate v.通风★ventilation n.通风
Forced Ventilation 强制排风系统
(forced adj.被迫的，强迫的，动用武力的)
air v.通风Air the room, please! 给房间通通风
★double adj.双的
字母W 的读音就是“double u”，意为两个u 构成w .couple，pair 两个a couple of weeks
a pair of shoes/socks/glasses一副眼镜
★fear ① vt. 害怕畏惧sb. fear
doing sth. 害怕做……sb. fear sth. 害怕…be afraid of 害怕……
be afraid of /fear 人做主语
② vt. 恐怕，猜想(比be afraid要正式)
fear that… 恐怕……
We fear /It isfeared/ We’re afraid that many lives have been lost in the crash.
be afraid that… = Iam sorry. 恐怕……(婉言谢绝)
fright / frighten /frightening / frightened / frightful
sth. frighten sb. =sth. scare sb. …吓了……一跳
frighten = scare是因某件突然的事情才让某人产生了害怕的情绪，句子后边的部分是人
horrify v.使恐怖, 使极度厌恶, 惊骇
horrified adj.惊悸的, 带有恐怖感的, 惊骇的
★invasion n.入侵, 侵略invade vt. 侵略, 侵袭, 拥挤★officially adv.正式地
official adj.(官方)正式formally adv(一般)正式
★connect v. 连接connectsth. with/to… 把……和……连接 connect A with B (A和B平等) connect A to B (A连到B上去)
★European adj.欧洲的★continent n.大陆
EuropeanContinent 欧洲大陆(不包括欧洲岛国)
【课文讲解】
1、In 1858, aFrench engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for atwenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel.
plan for +名词/动名词 ……的计划
twenty-one-mile 加连字符，用单数，作定语
2、Thisplatform would serve as a port and a railway station. serve as… =serve for… 起……作用，用作……，充当……
3、In 1860, abetter plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low.
put forward(plan/suggestion) 提出(计划、建议等)
4、He suggestedthat a double railway-tunnel should be built.
suggest① vt.暗示，用法与其他的词相同
② vt.建议，用虚拟语气，后接动词是要用-ing形式，后接that从句采用一种固定的用法“should+动词原形”(should 可省略)
insist作“坚持”讲时用法同suggest
5、This would solve the problem of ventilation,for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. draw in 吸进，如用bring没有 draw in 形象、贴切
6、If, at thetime, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed.
虚拟语气(非真实条件句)中，与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，此时主句格式为would
have done，would/could/should 都可以
情态动词加have
done 表示对过去的推测，如must have done，can't
have done等
【Summary writing】
1 Who plannedto build a tunnel under the English Channel in 1858? How would it beventilated? (The tunnel, which…)
4 Did work
begin forty－two years later or not? Why was it stopped? (Though…because)
5 When wasthe Channel Tunnel officially opened? (However)
1 先行词, which : 非限定性定语从句
The tunnel, which aFrench engineer planned to build in 1858, would be ventilated if tall chimmeyswere built above sea level.
4 Though it was begun (work begin forty-twoyears later), it was stopped because…
5 However起副词的作用,后面可以直接加句子
【Key structures】
第3类条件句
第3类条件句是在if从句里设想纯粹想像的事情，在主句里讲述想像的结果，谈的是没有或永远不可能有的结果，指的是过去没有过的事情。第3类条件句的基本结构是if从句用过去完成时，主句用would have/ should have +过去分词：
If it had rained, we would have stayed athome.
在if从句中可用could have +过去分词代替had been able to +动词原形：I’d have read that book if I could have bought it.
【Special difficulties】
动词draw的一些短语vt. 拉，拖
draw in 使……进入；吸入
The smell of flowers in the shop drew usin. draw back 后退，后缩；收回，撤回
You must finish the work by yourselves now.They have drawn back their people.。
draw up 停住，使……停住；起草，制订，拟订
I was waiting for Jill in front of a shopwhen a taxi drew up beside me.
draw off 撤走，离开
The villagers had to draw off because of theflood.
【Multiple choice questions】
9 A plan wasput forward by William Low. He ___a____it.
a. suggested b. intended c. aimed at d. planned plan
v. 计划
put forword 提出 ；intend to do sth. 打算做……
aim at 目标是…… ；suggest v.建议
suggest + doing
sth./名词或代词；suggest that 从句；
11 It finallyconnects Britain and Europe. Britain and Europe are finally ____b___.
a. mixed b. joined together c. rejoined d. combined
mix v.混合；join v.连接(加入), 强调使成为其中一员rejoin v.再次加入；combine v.合并
connect 强调连接
Lesson 65 Jumbo versus the police
【New words and expressions】(9)
★versus prep.对 (对抗的概念)
vs.…对…(versus的缩写读音不变Have you watched the game last night? It was France versus Italy.
★Christmas n.圣诞节
Christmas Eve 圣诞前夜Father
Christmas 圣诞老人
Santa Claus 圣诞老人(美国常用)(Santa [美]=Santa Claus)
★present n.礼物present = gift 礼物
★accompany v.陪伴, 随行
I'll accompany youto your hotel.
★approach ① v. 走近( = comenearer and nearer )The old man approaches 80 years old.
approach sb. 离某人越来越近
②n.途径,方法We have found an approach to success.
★ought modal verb应该
ought to dosth. 应该(义务上)
should do sth. 应该(我认为)
★weigh v.重
sb./sth. weigh +体重 ……的体重/重量是……
weight n.重量lose weight 减肥
★fortunate(= lucky) adj.幸运的
【课文讲解】
1、Dressed up
as Father Christmas and accompanied by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls,
he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called
Jumbo. dress up as… 装扮成为……(的样子)
dress up 打扮a guard of honour 仪仗队
of six pretty girls中的of表示“由……组成的”
set off 出发
2、He shouldhave known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.
should havedone 原本应该发生而没发生
needn't havedone 过去不必做但是做了
ought to havedone 也表示原本应该做而没做
所有的情态动词+have
done都跟过去有关
3、A policemanapproached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side street asJumbo was holding up the traffic. as＝because
hold up thetraffic 阻碍交通
4、Though Jimmy agreed to go at once, Jumborefused to move.
agree to do sth. 同意做某事(to 为不定式)
agree with sb. 同意某人(的建议等)
agree to sth.Iagree to your advice.
5、Fifteenpolicemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street.
get off 从……移去/除去 (off＝away from 离开什么地方) Please get the box off the boat.
6、'Jumbo mustweigh a few tons,' said a policeman afterwards, 'so it was fortunate that wedidn't have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a goodrecord, we shall let him off this time.'
afterwards ＝later后来
It was fortunatethat… 幸运的是……
let sb. off 饶恕某人，放过……，对……从轻处理
record n.纪录；(警察局的)记录，历史，成绩
set up a new worldrecord
sb. have a goodrecord 表现一贯很好
resume n.摘要, 概略, <美> 履历
vt.再继续, 重新开始, 重新占用, 再用, 恢复
【Summary writing】
1 What did hedecide to take to a children's hospital? How did the circus owner, Jimmy Gates,dress up? Did he set off down the main street of the city, or did he go down aside street? Was he riding an elephant called Jumbo or not? (After having...and... riding)
2 Was he toldthat he was holding up the traffic or not? Did Jimmy agree to go at once, ornot? Did Jumbo agree to go, or did he refuse to move? How many policemen had topush him off the main street? (On being…but…so…)
1 After havingdecided to take presents to hospital and dressed up as Father Christmas, he setoff down the street riding a baby elephant called Jumbo.
After的后面可以直接加doing,也可以加having done
After knocking at
the door. / After having knocked at the door.decided 和 dressed 共用after having
动词ing 强调时间上的同时
2 On being told that he was holding up thetraffic, he agreed to go at once, but Jumbo refused to move,so fifteenpolicemen had to push him off the main street.
on 加在动词前面,相当与as soon as
be 在这儿要跟done相连
【Letter Writing】
书信常见语：
I really hate tocomplain, but …/Some time ago, I …
【Key structures】
Must, Have to,Should and Ought to
must通常只用于现在时和将来时，其他时态则用have to代替。have to比must往往更强调客观的要求或外在的原因。should和ought to都可译为“应该”，表示义务、责任或某个正确的行为。ought to比should语气略强些，多用于肯定句；疑问句与否定结构则多用should。should/ought to +have +过去分词表示过去应该做(或完成)而没有做的事。
He ought to have returned by now.
He had to changehis plans, but he should be returning soon.
【Special difficulties】
带let的短语
let vt.允许，让
let sb. in 允许进来let sb. out 放走，释放，放出去
let off 放过，饶过，宽恕，对……从轻处理
let down 使……失望，(在紧要关头)抛弃
dress and dress up
dress vt.&vt.穿衣，打扮
dress up 穿上盛装，精心打扮，装扮(成……)
He dressed up as Father Christmas.
【Multiple choice questions】
3 Jimmy____b___Father Christmas.
a. seemed as b. looked like c. looked as d. seemed
as后面要加句子, 只有在the same as结构时不加句子, 或者是as...as
Lucy is the same asher sister.
like的后面加代词或名词，表示“象……一样”
① seem后面可以直接加形容词Heseemed rich.
② seem后面会加不定式结构Heseemed to be rich.
③ It seemed that… 表示某件事情看起来似乎如此
④ seem +as if从句 看起来似乎
Lesson 66 Sweet as honey!
【New words and expressions】(20)
★bomber n.轰炸机, 炸弹手, 轰炸员, 投弹手
bomb n.炸弹
★remote adj. 偏僻的，偏远的
remote village 遥远的村庄
lonely adj.偏僻的(孤零零的)lonelyisland 孤岛
★Pacific n.太平洋
Atlantic大西洋 ； Indian
ocean印度洋 ； Arctic ocean 北冰洋
★wreck n.残骸 强调坏了没用的东西 (一个坏了的整体，完整的)；wrekage强调坏成碎片的东西
★rediscover v.重新发现
re-表示“再, 又”的意思，如review复习，reread再读，rewrite改写，retell复述等
★survey n.调查(一定要跟数据有关系)
aerial survey 航空调查(跟数据有关系)
investigation n.调查，研究
★package ① v. 把……打成大包
pack n.小包；v. 把……打成小包
Pack it for me./Wrapit up for me.
② n. 大包
package deal 一揽子交易,一揽子交易中的条款
parcel n.包裹(邮局邮寄)
★imagine ① vt. 想像
Imagine it. 想象一下吧! (口语)
② vt. 料想，猜想
imagine doing
sth./imagine that + 从句 想象……
★colony n.殖民地，侨民，(聚居的)一群同业，一批同行，(生物)群体
a colony of ants /bees 一群蚂蚁 一群蜜蜂；
a colony of artists一群艺术家a flock of goats 羊群
a herd of cows 一群奶牛a crowd of 一群(用于人)
★preserve v.保护，保存(经过特殊手段而保存下来) preserved bean curd 豆腐乳(bean curd 豆腐)preserved fruit 果脯； preserved meat 腊肉；preservedfish 腊鱼smokedfish 熏鱼
keep v.保存，保持Can I keep it for you?
Store v. 储存，保存(以便日后使用)store the cabbage
【课文讲解】
1、In1963 aLancaster bomber crashed on WallisIsland, a remote place in the South Pacific, a long way west of Samoa.
crash vi.从上往下掉crash in the mountain 掉到山里 a long way to go 有很长的路要走
在英文中跟方位感相连的介词有三个in, on, to
in 隶属关系Haerbin’sin the north of China.
on是指跟一个地方有接触面Korea
is on the north of China. to是相离的概念Japan is to the eastof China.
west of＝to the west of (west of前面没有任何词修饰的时候，认为处于相离的概念)
2、The planewasn't too badly damaged, but over the years, the crash was forgotten and thewreck remained undisturbed.
over 在……期间/之中(相当于during，over后如有数字则译为“超过”)over the years 这些年来
over the new year 在新年期间 ；over the Christmas 在圣诞期间over SpringFestival 在春节期间
He worked very hardover the last two years.
remain+adj. remain看作系动词be理解
The room remainedwarm. 房间还是那么暖和
(注意与 “the room
was warm.” 的区别, “remain” 有保持的意思)
3、By thistime, a Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition was rare and worth rescuing.
by this time 到这时in condition 处于……状态
in reasonable
condition＝in good condition
in perfect /poor
condition 处于完美状态/ 状态不好.
reasonable在这里表示“尚好的，过得去的”，用于表示价钱时，指“公道的，合理的，不贵的”等
be worth doing sth. 值得……，具有……的价值(表达了被动含义, 用主动ing表达被动含义)
4、The Frenchauthorities had the plane packaged and moved in parts back to France.
have sth. done 让别人做某事
in parts =little by
little，bit by bit 一部分一部分
5、Imaginetheir surprise and delight when they broke open the packing cases and foundthat the fourth engine was sweet as honey -- still in perfect condition.
break sth.open 打开……cut it open 剪开(信封)
tear it open 撕开(信封)
在固定短语中as…as中的第一个as可省略
I am busy as abee. (as busy as a bee中第一个as省略)sweet as honey 甜得象蜜 (在文中是双关语, 注意体会)stickyas glue 胶水一样粘strongas horse 马一样强壮turn…into… 把……变成
【Key structures】
使役式：have +名词/宾语代词 +动词过去分词，使役式表示对某物(或某人)……。
I have my walletlost/stolen. 我丢了钱包
While I’m away,I’ll have you looked after. 我不在的时候，我会让人照顾你的。
have sth. done的另一个意思是“遭遇不幸”
I have my legbroken. 我摔断了腿
【Special difficulties】
集合名词
集合名词表示的是由若干个体组成的集合体，如family(家庭，一家人)，team(队)，crew(船、飞机等上的全体工作人员)，audience(观众)，government(政府)，staff全体职员/教员)，class(班，班级)等。如果要强调作为整体的集体，则后面的动词用单数；如果要强调组成集体的每个人，则后面的动词用复数。
The audience is made up of schoolchildren.
The audience were
spellbound by the magic of the performance. 观众们被表演的魅力迷住了.
【Multiple choice questions】
6 Only threeof the four Rolls Royce Merlin engines __a__rebuilt.
(a) will have to be
(b) need have been (c)are being (d)had to be情态动词need只用于否定、疑问句中,在肯定句中肯定是实义动词need to do 将来需要做
Lesson 67 Volcanoes
【New words and expressions】(12)
★active adj.活动的adj. 积极的
passive adj.消极的, 被动的
★violently adv.猛烈地, 剧烈地
violent adj. 猛烈的, 激烈的, 暴力引起的, 强暴的violence n.猛烈, 强烈, 暴力, 暴虐, 暴行, 强暴
★manage v.设法
manage to do sth. =try to do sth. and succeed
I can manage it. =
I can manage it myself. = I can do it.★escape ① v. 逃脱escape sth.
escape death 死里逃生escape doing sth.
He escapepunishment/being punished.
② n. 逃脱narrow escape 九死一生
★alive adj.活着的
alive 做定语时一定要放在被修饰词后面, 属于表语形容词，后置定语
light ahead 前面的灯光
Every man alive hashis/her own troubles.
living sth. 活着的……living elephant 活着的象
live ① adj. 现场的，活着的(永远不和人连用)live concert 现场演唱会 live fish活鱼(不能和人连)
② v.活着
【课文讲解】
1、Tazieff wasable to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was eruptingviolently.
close to 离……很近，与……靠近
for long＝for a longtime
2、He noticedthat a river of liquid rock was coming towards him.=He notice a river of liquidrock coming towards him.
notice that + 宾语从句 notice sth.
notice sb. do/doingsth. 注意到某人做/正在做某事
a river of…形成的河流a riverof soil and stone 泥石流 a river of tears
Riversof bloodflowed during World war II. (rivers ofblood 血流成河)
4、Itthreatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just intime.
threaten to 威胁着要……，有迹象表明……
He threatened to leave the team. 他扬言要离开这个队。
in time 及时，来得及，just表示“正好，差一点”
I caught the train just in time.
5、This time, he managed to climb into the mouthof Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures.
manage to dosth. 设法做到某事，努力完成某事(虽然很费劲，但仍然做到/完成某事)try to do sth. 设法做某事，努力做某事(但并不一定成功)
the mouth ofKituro 火山口
so that 以便于(目的状语从句),一定含有情态动词
6、Tazieff hasoften risked his life in this way.
risk one’slife 冒着生命危险
take a risk of… =ata risk of… 冒着……的危险
risk sth.＝risk losingsth. 冒着失去……的危险
risk doingsth. 冒着做……的危险
7、He has been
able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.在两相比较中, 如果前者属于后者, 那一定要在比较时用other, else排除前者than any other man alive
【Key structures】
Can, Be able to andManage to
表示能力时用can/could，在将来时中表示“能力”时通常用will be able
to，在表示成功地完成过去某个动作时用was able to而不用could。
He thought he couldpass the exam easily, but he failed./ Jane can’t swim yet. She’ll be able to swim ina few months’ time.
manage to在表示成功地完成过去某个动作时，经常代替be able to，它更强调“虽然困难很大，但仍然……”。在否定句中，manage to与be
able to经常可以互换。He was able to finish the jobyesterday. (表示可能) He managed to finish the job yesterday. (暗示他克服了不少困难才完成)
What do you think of the film?
I’m afraid Ihaven’t managed to/been able to see it yet.
【Special Difficulties】
带 say与tell的短语
1、say在表示“说，讲”时，say后面不跟间接宾语(人)。如一定要指明，则用“to +名词/代词”。表“道别，诵读(祈祷)，背诵”等含义时用say而不能用tell。say有“表达(思想、意见等)”、“据说”含义，tell则没有。John is said to be very interested in art.
He knelt down and
said his prayers.他跪了下来作祷告. say a good word for 为……说好话/辩护；推荐
2、tell:在表示“说，讲”时，tell后面可以跟双宾语。tell经常用于表示“讲(实话，谎话，秘密等)”。tell可以表示“辨别，分辨”，say则不可以。在英国英语中，tell the time(美语为tell time)表示根据钟表等“说出时间，识钟”
He is only five,but he can already tell the time.
tell (sb.) alie 说谎(谎言有很多个，为可数名词)
tell (sb.) thetruth 讲真话(真话只有一个,故要特指, 加the) tell (sb.) the differencebetween 区分, 区别
Can't you tell the
difference between an Austin and a Morris? 你能区分奥斯丁舞和莫利斯舞吗?
say和tell后面跟so时含义不一样：
I told you so! 我告诉过你是这样的！(用于情况被证实之后)Who says so? 谁这么说的？
I say so. 我这么说的。
【Multiple choice questions】
4 He escapedjust in time. He__d__ escaped.
(a)just only (b)only (c)soon (d) only just
only just ＝almostnot 差点就没有
7 He has beenable to tell us a lot __b__volcanoes.
(a)considering (b) on the subject of
(c) inrelation (d) referring
on the subject of＝about
(朝向)towards＝in thedirection of (direction)
12 He hastold us more than any __d__person.
(a)alive (b)lively (c)live (d)living
lively adj.活泼的,充满生机的alively girl
Lesson 68 Persistent
【New words and expressions】(3)
★persistent adj.坚持的, 固执的
stubborn adj. 顽固的, 固执的, 坚定的, 坚决的, 难应付的, 难处理的You are stubborn. 你这个死脑筋persist v.坚持(不顾阻拦一味的坚持):
persist in doingsth.
★avoid v.避开avoid doing sth. 避免做……
★insist v.坚持认为，坚持说(是人的一种态度)
① vt. &vi. 坚持，坚决认为
insist on doingsth. 坚持做……
persevere v.坚持，坚持不懈地努力(褒义词)
persevere insth./doing sth.
perseverance n.坚持不懈
② vt. &vi. 坚决主张/要求，一定要
I insist onspeaking to the manager.
My wife insiststhat I (should) have my hair cut.
【课文讲解】
1、I crossedthe street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me.
cross v.穿过across adv.&prep.穿过
avoid doing sth. 避免……
come runningtowards sb. 向某人跑过来
2、It was nouse pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him.
It is (of) no usedoing… 做……是没有用处的，做……是徒步的/无益的
It is no use cryingover the spilled milk. 覆水难收
wave to sb. 向某人招手
3、I neverenjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.
enjoy doingsth. 喜欢做……
appreciatesth./doing sth. 喜欢做……
4、He never hasanything to do.
用不定式做定语, 修饰anything，不定式放在不定代词后面anything to do sth. 任何要做的事
anything to eatsth. 可以吃的东西 ；
5、No matterhow busy you are, he always insists on coming with you.
no matter常与how，when，where，what，who等引导的从句连用，译为“无论……”
No matter how tiredyou are, your children insisted on listening to stories.
6、I had tothink of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.
think of a way ofdoing sth. 想一个做某事的方法
prevent sb. (from)doing sth. 阻止某人做某事, 让某人不做某事stop sb. from doing sth. 、keep sb. fromdoing sth. 让某人不做某事
forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
7、Fancymeeting you here!
=Imagine meetingyou here! 真想不到会在这见到你! (fancy＝imagine)“fance+名词”表示惊讶
★fancey ① vt. 设想，想像
Fancy Ian not
knowing the answer to such an easy question!② vt. 想要，喜欢(往往用于指个人爱好)
It’s a fine day andI fancy driving down to the coast.
8、You're notbusy doing anything, are you?
be busy doingsth. 忙着做……
反意疑问句的回答, 根据事实回答
9、Would youmind my coming with you?
“Would/Do you mind
+动名词/if引导的从句”用来表示客气的请求或征求意见，表示同意/不介意时，用“No, not at all”或“Certainly not”回答；不同意时往往用一些委婉的说法，如“I’m
sorry, but…”等回答，不用“yes, I so”。Wouldyou mind if I open the windows?
Certainly not. /Sorry, but it’s cold here.
mind (sb’s) +doingsth. 介意某人做某事
-ing的逻辑主语有四种形式，分为两大类
①作为代词, 可以用人称代词的宾格, 又可以用形容词性物主代词②作为名词, 可以保持本身不变,也可以变成名词所有格
作主语时必须是所有格(名词所有格, 形容词性物主代词), 但作宾语时可以用所有格, 也可用普通格(人称代词宾格)Wouldyou mind my/me smoking?
【Composition】
1 There was adentist nearby. She knew him well. Elizabeth decided to go there. She wouldexplain what had happened.(As…whom…in order to)
3 Elizabethleft. The dentist went into the waiting room.‘Do you want to have your teethexamined?’he askeb Nigel. (After…and asked Nigel if…)
1 as(因为) whom(引导定语从句)…in
order to (目的状语)There was a dentist nearby whom she knewwell Elizabeth decided to go there in order to explain what had happened.
3 Afrer Elizabeth left, the dentist went intothe waiting room and asked Nigel if he wanted to have his teeth examined.
【Key structure】 动名词的用法
有些动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。这些动词包括avoid，admit，deny，fancy，finish，enjoy，mind(在乎，在意)，suggest，stand(容忍)等。有些结构通常要接动名词，如busy，worth，it is
no/little use，bored with，interested
in，insist on，prevent…from等：I was looking forward to reading those books.动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语(即动作执行者，而不是句子的主语)： Do you mind my smoking?
come和go之后可以跟与户外活动相关的动名词(climbing，driving，fishing，riding，shopping，walking等)，表示建议、邀请或叙事。
There’s no point in my coming climbing withyou.
(there’s no point in =it is no use)
感知动词(hear，see，fell，watch等)后面既可以跟宾语加分词结构，也可以跟宾语加不带to的不定式。现在分词往往强调动作正在发生，用于叙述中时使人身临其境；不定式则可以表示动作发生了或过程结束了。有时它们之间的区别不大，可以互相替换使用。
【语法精粹】
动名词复合结构：由名词所有格或物主代词与动名词构成.动名词复合结构多作主语或宾语, 作主语时必须是所有格(名词所有格, 形容词性物主代词), 但作宾语时可以用所有格, 也可用普通格(人称代词宾格)
His leaving is agreat loss.
Mother dislikesmy(me) working late.
后面可以接动词-ing的词：介词；某些动词，如avoid, enjoy, finish, It is no use, prevent sb from, fancy, imagine,
escape, risk, allow，deny, appreciate, complete, delay,mind, practice, resent, risk, suggest, permit…insist on doing, persist indoing, persevere in doing, give up doing
某些词加逻辑主语要用不定式作宾语，如： allow+doing sth.(动名词作宾语) allow sb. to do
sth.(不定式作宾语)advise sb. to do sth. advise doing sth.常见如：advise，allow，permit，recommend, etc.
【Multiple choice questions】
9 She didn'tpretend she hadn't seen him. She didn't __c__she hadn't.
(a) make as if (b) do as if (c) act as if (d) conduct as if
as if… 似乎, 好像……do as
if (不这么用)act as if … 做得好象……conduct+oneself 表现
12 She liedto him. What she said was __a__.
(a) false (b)true (c)lie (d)wrong
lie to sb. 向某人撒谎false adj.错误的, 虚伪的, 假的, 无信义的, 伪造的, 人工的, 不老实的
lie n.谎言(可数名词，tell alie)
What she said was alie.
Lesson 69 But not murder!
【New words and expressions】(11)
★acquire v. 取得，获得，学到(知识、技术、语言等)，养成(习惯等)acquire
confidence 获得信心
”acquire a habit ofdoing sth. 养成……的习惯
【课文讲解】
1、I was beingtested for a driving licence for the third time. a driving licence 驾驶执照
2、I had beenasked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.
heavy adj.大量的，多的，密集的
Traffic is heavier on this road than on theother one.
3、The examinermust have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, 'Just onemore thing, Mr. Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road infront of you. As soon as I tap on the window, you must stop within five feet.'
must have been表示对过去的事情的猜测
performance n.表现，表演，工作情况
be pleasedwith 对……满意
let us supposethat… 让我们假设……
4、The examinerlooked at me sadly. 'Mr. Eames,' he said, in a mournful voice, 'you have justkilled that child!' in a … voice 以……的声调
in a mournfulvoice 用悲伤的声调
【Key structures】
被动语态
被动语态可以用于“介词+动名词”结构中，在英语中是很正式的用法，一般不用于口语。“介词(after，before，on)+动名词”这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则可以用“after +动名词的完成式”表示第一个动作；如果只表示先后顺序，则可用“after/before +动名词”结构；“on +动名词”通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生：
The man called the police after being robbed.
被动语态用于want后面的不定式中时，to be可以省略，want后跟被动语态时往往表示希望别人完成所说的动作：I want the luggage fetched from the hotel this afternoon.
被动语态还可用于过去进行时，以强调动作的持续性I was being asked about the film all day yesterday.
【Special Difficulties】
Practice and Advice
practice n.(反复的)练习，实践，实行
Your spoken English will improve withpractice.
Have they put their plan into practice?
practise vt.& vi.练习，经常做
She practises on the piano for three hoursevery day.
advice n.忠告，劝告，建议(不可数名词)
She gave me some good advice / a piece ofadvice about jobs.
advise vt.& vi.劝告，向……提供提议
She advised me against going to theparty.
Enjoy, Entertainand Amuse
enjoy vt.欣赏，喜爱，享受……之乐(后跟名词、动名词或反身代词，用于主动语态)
entertain vt. 款待，招待，请客；使……快乐，给……娱乐(=amuse)We often entertain friends at weekends.
My children can entertain/amuse themselvesfor hours with telling stories to each other.
amuse vt.逗乐，逗笑(常用于被动语态)
【New words and expressions】(16)
★sensitive adj.敏感的，神经过敏的，易生气的，介意的(常与to+名词连用)
Mary is sensitiveto smells.
★charge ① vt. &vi. 要价，收费
They charged us toomuch for repairs.
② vt. 指控，指责Hecharged Gary with speeding.
③ vt. &vt. 猛攻，冲向，冲锋，向前冲
The bull charged atthe drunk.
★bow ① vt. &vt. 鞠躬，欠身，低下(头等)
As she couldn’t
answer the question, she bowed her head.② vi. 让步，屈服，服从
Why did you bow totheir decision?
③ vt. 压弯，压倒My
mother is bowed with age. 我母亲因年老而腰弯背驼。
【课文讲解】
1、The crowdbegan to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger.
be unaware of… 不知道，没有觉察……
I was unaware thatyou were coming. 我不知道你要来。
2、The bull wasbusy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunkwho was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap.
catch sightof… 突然看到……
3、The drunk, however, seemed quite sure ofhimself.
be/feel sure ofoneself 有自信心
4、Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bullforgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk.
sensitive tocriticism 对挑衅/批评敏感
charge at … 向……攻击
5、The crowdbroke into cheers and the drunk bowed.
break intocheers 突然喝起彩来
break into… 突然发出，突然……起来
On hearing the news, she broke into tears.
6、Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him,for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before oncemore turning its attention to the matador. look on 旁观，观看
out of the way 不碍事，不挡路While making meat pies, I always order
the children to keep out of the way.在做肉馅饼时，总是命令孩子们不要碍事。
【Letter Writing】
常用开头语：
I have notforgotten that…/I am afraid I…
You will find ithard to believe, but…
【Key structures】
与for，with，of，to，at，from，in，on和about连用的形容词
与for连用的形容词：eager for(渴望)，enough
for(足够)，famous for(以……而闻名)，fit for(合适)，grateful for/to(因……而感激)，qualified for/in(能胜任)，ready for/to(准备好)，responsible for(对……负责)，sorry for(对……感到遗憾)，sufficient for(充足的)，thankful for/to(感谢)，valid
for(有效期为……)
They were eager for the performance to begin.
与with连用的形容词：angry with sb./at sth.(因某人或某事生气)，busy with/at(忙于……)，consistent
with(与……一致)，content with(对……满足)，familiar with/to(与……熟悉)，patient with(有耐心)，popular with(为……所喜爱)
She wasn’t content with her life.
与of连用的形容词：afraid of(害怕)，ahead
of(在……前面)，aware of(知道)，capable
of(能够)，careful of/with(小心)，certain of(确信)，conscious of(意识到)，envious
of(妒忌)，fond of(爱好)，guilty of(有……罪的)，ignorant of(不了解)，independent of(独立于)，jealous
of(妒忌)，kind of/to(对……和蔼)，north/south/east/west
of(在……的北/南/东/西面)，short of(缺乏)，shy of(顾虑)，sure of(肯定)，worthy of(值得)
I was short of money at that time.
与to连用的形容词：close to(接近于)，contrary
to(与……相反)，cruel to(对……残忍)，dear to(对……很重要)，equal to(与……相等)，faithful to(忠于……)，fatal
to(对……是致命的)，harmful to(对……有害的)，identical to(与……相同的)，indifferent to(对……不关心)，inferior to(劣于……)，liable to(对……有义务的)，new to(对……没有经验)，obedient to(对……服从)，obvious to(对……清楚的)，polite to(对……有礼貌)，previous to(先于)，rude
to(对……粗暴无礼)，sensitive to(对……敏感)，similar to(与……相似)，useful to(对……有用)
Though the bicycle is old, it is very dear tome.
与at连用的形容词：bad at(不善于…)，clever
(擅长)，efficient at(能胜任的)，expert at/in(能熟练做…)，good at(善于)，indignant
at(对……感到愤慨)，quick at(很快)，sad
at/about(因……而悲伤)，slow at(对…迟钝)，skillful at/in(熟练)
与from连用的形容词：away from(距……远的)，different from(与……不同的)，far from(远离)，safe from(无危险的)The man was far fromcomfortable while being confined to the wooden box.
那人被闷在木箱里时一点儿也不舒服。
与in连用的形容词：deficient in(缺少)，fortunate
from(在.很幸运)，honest from(对……很诚实)，weak from(在…薄弱的)Frankis honest in business.
与on连用的形容词：dependent
on(依赖于……)，intent on(专心于……)，keen on(热心于……)
与about连用的形容词：curious about(对……好奇的)，doubtful about/of(对……有疑问)，enthusiastic about(对……热心)，reluctant
about/to(勉强)，right about/in(在……是正确的)，uneasy
about(对……感到不安)She is uneasyabout her future.
Lesson71 Afamous clock
【课文讲解】
1、When youvisit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clockwhich can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C.
the B.B.C. =British
Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司
2、If theHouses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock wouldnever have been erected. the Houses ofParliament国会大厦(英国议会由上议院(House
of Lords)和下议院(House of Commons)组成)
burn down (使)烧成平地，烧毁
3、Big Bentakes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of theclock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built.
take one’s namefrom 以……命名
Sir用于英国人的全名(或名字)之前时表示“爵士”(不单独用于姓之前)，如Sir John Gilbert(约翰.吉尔伯特爵士)或Sir John(约翰爵士)，但不能称为Sir Gilbert。
be responsiblefor 对……需负责任/承担责任的
-ing形式前面无冠词时可直接跟宾语：making the clock；-ing前有冠词时则其后不能直接跟宾语，而必须用of：the making of the clock。
4、It is notonly of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well.
be of… 表人或物的特征We areof the same age/size./This letter is of great importance.
5、Big Ben hasrarely gone wrong.
go wrong (机器等)发生故障，出毛病
6、A painter who had been working on the towerhung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!
slow down (使……)慢下来/减速(可分开使用)
【Letter Writing】
常见开头语：
I wonder how youlearnt that…
You will neverguess who/what…
【Special Difficulties】
Official, Employeeand Shop assistant
official n.官员，公务员，高级官员
Bank officials get high salaries.
employee n.雇员，雇工(包括各个层次的).
shop assistant 零售店的店员(美语中用salesclerk)
Hang/Hung and Hang/Hanged
hang(hung，hung) vt. 悬挂
hang(hanged，hanged) vt.绞死，吊死，上吊
I wonder why she hanged herself.
Lesson72 Acar called bluebird
【New words and expressions】(7)
★burst ① vi. 爆炸，爆裂Theballoon burst.
② vt.& vi. 突然打开We burstthe door open.
【课文讲解】
1、The greatracing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300miles per hour.
在the second，the next/the last以及表示最高级的如the best，the most intelligent等后可以用to引导的不定式短语做定语，这些词语后面可以接名词或one(s)，也可以不接：
She’s always the first to arrive and the lastto leave.
the only后必须接一个名词或one(s)：
You’re the only person/one to complain.
per“每一，每”，常用于商业及技术用语，日常用语大多用a/an：You can stay at the hotel at $10 perperson per night.
2、It was over 30 feet in length and had a2,500-horsepower engine.30 feet in length
30英尺长
3、AlthoughCampbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty incontrolling the car because a tyre burst during the first run.
have difficulty(in) doing sth. 做……有困难
He has grown a beard and I had difficulty (in)recognizing him.
the first run 开始的行程
the next run is forty miles.下一段赛程为40英里。
4、Following inhis father's footsteps many years later, Sir Malcolm's son, Donald, also set upa world record.
follow in one’sfootsteps 步某人的后尘，仿效某人，继承某人的事业
Lesson 73 The record-holder
【New words and expressions】(9)
★record-holder 纪录保持者
n.+ v.+ er 构词法tennis player
★truant n.逃学的孩子，逃学者
The three boys whoare fishing over there are truants and ought to be sent back to school.
play truant 逃学(英)play hooky 逃学(美)evade school 逃学
be absent fromclasson purpose 逃学
★unimaginative adj.缺乏想象力的
imagine v. 想象，设想imaginative adj. 有想象力的
imagination n.想象力
-tive 一般是形容词的后缀；-tion一般是名词后缀
★shame n.惭愧，羞耻
What a shame! 真可耻！ Shame on
you! 替你感到可耻！shameful adj.令人羞愧
ashamed adj.感到羞愧
put sb. toshame 让某人感到羞愧
对别人赞美的回答：
Thank you. You are
flattering me. (你过奖了。)
You put me to
shame. (你比我好的意思)
put sb. totrouble 给某人带来麻烦
★hitchhike v. 搭便车旅行hitchhiker
n. 搭便车的人
hitchhike = take alift 搭便车
★meantime n.其间
in the meantime =meanwhile 与此同时
★evade ① vt.(巧妙地)逃脱，躲开
She evaded a blow
from the man and then called out for help.② vt. 回避，逃避(尤指不当地)
evade doingsth. 逃避做……
avoid v.逃避，逃离，避免
avoid 指通过一种合理的，正当的手段来避免做某事；evade 指通过欺骗的手段来避免做某事。
tax avoidance 避税tax evasion 逃税
【课文讲解】
1Children who playtruant from school are unimaginative.play truant from school = play truant
2、A quietday's fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and overagain, is usually as far as they get.
动词ing前面如果出现定语，若是名词，则采用名词所有格或名词短语本身。 eight hours' seeing the film 非谓语动词做主语，一律作单数看。
Three hours in the
room，It is tiring.
Three hours(')listening to the teacher is tiring.
Three hours in theroom listening to the teacher is tiring.
Events such as theMarch 5th shooting at a high school in San Diego bring the problem into focus.
比如三月五日圣地亚哥一所高中学校发生的枪击事件问题成为焦点。
over and over again= again and again 一次又一次，一再地，反复许多次地
as far as +从句 最大程度……，到……程度，就……而言As far asI know, his operations successful.
3、They haveall been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1,600miles.
while 引导时间状语从句，一般放在前面或后面，放在中间就加上逗号。while doing 省略句，省略了主语和be 动词，这个主语一定就是主句的主语。
put…to shame 使……蒙羞，使……相形见绌
What he has done put his parents to shame.
He saved the child at the risk of his ownlife and put all those who looked on to shame.他冒着生命危险救了那个孩子，使所有旁观者都相形见绌。
4、Hehitchhiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere tosleep.
hitchhike to… 搭便车去……
Dover n.多佛(英国著名的港口)
towards evening 快到晚上
somewhere tosleep 可以睡觉的地方
5、When he wokeup next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled toCalais.
wake up 自己醒来Calais n.加来(法国城市)
in themeantime 在此期间
6、No one noticed the boy as he crept off.
creep off = creepaway
★creep
① vi. 爬行，匍匐，(像爬行似地)慢慢前进
The old car creptalong the country road.
② vi. 悄悄地/蹑手蹑脚地走；渐渐产生/出现
We crept upstairsso as not to wake Grandpa.
He noticed that agehad crept on him.
7、The next carthe boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would,but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border.
take … into 带到…not…but… 不是……而是……
as sb. hoped 正如某人所希望的
than sb.expected 比某人所期待的还……
Don't ask what thecountry do for you, but ask what you do for the country.
the French-Spanishborder 法国与西班牙的边界 (边界地带属于哪个地方由第一个国籍确定)
8、There he waspicked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities.
pick up 逮捕，拘捕
After the accident, he was picked up by thepolice.
【Letter Writing】
每封信包含有三个主要部分：引言、目的和结束语。其中最重要的部分是目的。在这部分中必须说明为什么要写此信。
【Summary writing 】
5 Fares haveincreased. The railway company is still losing money. The employees havedemanded higher wages. (In spite of the fact that . because)
7 I made sure. Thealarm clock worked. I set it. It would ring at six o'clock. (Aftermaking…that…so that)
5. In spite of thefact that fares have increased, the railway company is still losing moneybecause the employees have demanded higher wages.
fare n. 费用 in spite
of 尽管lose money 亏损
7. After making surethat the alarm clock worked, I set it so that it would
alarm clock 闹钟set the clock 定闹钟
be sure of +n. ；be sure to
do sth. ；be sure that
【Key structures】
简单句、并列句和复合句
简单句是英语中最小的句子单位，一般有一个限定动词，它有一个主语和一个谓语，但可以用连词and将两个或两个以上的动词合并为一个简单句。根据动词后所使用的不同成分，简单句可有5种基本句型：①主语 +动词
②主语 +动词 +主语补足语：
③主语 +动词 +直接宾语：
④主语 +动词 +间接宾语+直接宾语
⑤主语 +动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语
将几个简单句连接起来构成并列句。在并列句中不存在单独的主句和从属于它的从句；各小句根据上下文的要求按逻辑次序排列，但各小句都同等重要并独立存在。我们常常把并列句中的各小句看成是并列主句。可采用下列任何一种方式构成并列句：
①用分号We fishedall day; we didn’t catch a thing.
②用分号，后面跟一个连接副词(短语)，如however、above all、in addition、as far as等
We fished all day; however, we didn’t catch athing.
③用并列连词，如and、but、so、yet等，前面常加逗号：
We fished all day, but (we) didn’t catch athing.
复合句的构成方法可以是把简单句连接在一起，但复合句的各个组成部分并非同等重要(此点与并列句不同)，其中总有一个独立小句(或称“主句”)和一个或一个以上的从属小句(或称“从句”)；主句往往可以独立存在。复合句的构成方法：
①用连词将从句与主句连接起来：If you’re not good at figures, it is pointless to apply for job in a
bank.如果你不擅于计算，向银行求职就毫无意义。
②用动词不定式或分词结构。它们是非限定性动词，是短语而不是从句，但它们构成复合句(而非简单句)的一部分。 之所以如此是因为它们可以用从句的形式表现出来。To get into a university you have to pass a number of examinations.
从句分为：名词性从句；关系/形容词从句；副词从句Holiday resorts which are very crowded are not very pleasant.那些拥挤的度假场所令人感到不愉快Howerver hard I try, I can’t remember people’s names.
【Multiple choice questions】
10 They have beenput to shame by a boy . They should feel ___a___.
(a) ashamed (b) shy (c) shyness (d) shameful .
shyness n. 害羞shy adj.害羞(指人的一种性格) shame v.羞愧(跟人遇到某件事情当时的感觉有关系)shameful adj.令人羞愧 ；ashamed adj.感到羞愧
Lesson 74 out of the limelight
【课文讲解】
1、Out of thelimelight
limelight原义为舞台照明用的“石灰光”，引申为“众人注目的中心”，这里的 limelight 是指舞台。She has been in thelimelight since she became an actress.
Although he is a government official, hetries to keep out of the limelight.
2、An ancientbus stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off.
river bed指河床，名词river作形容词用，类似的还有flower bed(花坛)
party作量词用时表示“一行，一伙，一群”等，如a party of tourists/boys(一群旅游者/男孩)等。
3、Why don't wecome more often?
“Why +don’t/doesn’t
+主语 +动词？”结构可用来提出建议：Whydon’t you change a watch?
4、'Now you getout of here, all of you!' he shouted.
get out ofhere 从这里走开，滚出去，滚开
get fuck out ofhere 给我从这滚出去
5、'I'm sheriffhere. Do you see that notice? It says "No Camping" -- in case youcan't read!'
I'm sheriff here.
(sheriff 是一种官衔，官衔前面不加冠词)He is president. 总统(官衔)Who is monitor?谁是班长(官衔) I am a teacher. teacher 不是官衔，加不定冠词
in case +从句 假使，万一……的话，免得，以防万一(常用于引导条件或目的状语从句，当句子表示将来的时间时，in case后面必须用现在时态或should/might)
In case hecomes/should come, give him this letter.
6、'don't betoo hard on us. I'm Rockwall Slinger and this is Merlin Greeves.'
be hard on… 对……(过分)严厉
【Special Difficulties】
与get有关的一些短语动词
get out ① (使)出去/出来(反义词为get into)
Why don’t you getthe dog out?
②走开，滚开(常用于祈使句)
Now you get out ofhere fast!
get into 进来I can’t getinto the house.
get on①前进，进展(与get along同义)
He is getting on quite well in his new job.
②继续干；相处融洽(常与with连用)
Tom talked with his brother for a while, andthen got on with his homework.
He’s so difficult. I can’t get on withhim. 他这个人这么别扭，我无法和他相处。
get…off 脱下，除去/取下Whenhe got the lid off the box, he saw a man lying in it.
get off 没受重伤/重罚而逃脱(常与with连用)
Tom was punished, but Jim go off lightly.
get over ①恢复过来，痊愈
Has your mother got over her illness?
②解决/结束(某件不愉快但必要做的事)(常与with连用)Theywanted to get the job over as quickly as possible.
get though ①通过(考试、测验等)
Have you got through your driving test lastweek?
②吃掉，喝完，用光
Fancy Helen getting through all the food!
用于公共标语的no
公共标语通常字数很少，语言精练。在表示“禁止……”时往往用no+名词/动名词或名词短语，如No Camping(禁止野营)，No Smoking(禁止吸烟)，No Parking(禁止停车)，No
Left Turn(禁止左转弯)。在真正的公告牌上，这些标语往往全部用大写字母，不加标点，如NO SMOKING等。
On public notices we write No Camping insteadof Do not camp.在公告牌上我们不用Do not camp，而用No Camping。
【Multiple choice questions】
5 Why don't we comemore often? We____ come more often.
(a) could (b) would (c) might (d)should
why not do 表示一种建议
Why don't you gowith me? = Why not go with me?
建议句型：
①youmust/should 你必须/你应该(最好不要用)
②why don't we/whynot
③let's do May Ihave your name?
Why not close thedoor? /Would you mind closing the door? /Let's go shopping
7 __a__ you look atthe notice, you'll see it says ‘ No Camping ’ . (a) If (b) Providing that (c)Whether (d)In the situation
providing that (过时，不用) = if
=provided that(仍然在使用) 后面加从句。
Lesson 75 SOS
【New words and expressions】(6)
★survivor n.幸存者(指人)
survival n.幸存的东西 survive v. 生存；存活下来
I survived afterthe fire. (存活下来)
survive + sth.(灾难) 经过某种灾难还存在，还活着Isurvived the fire.
★scene ① n.(事件发生的)地点，现场
A helicopter soon
arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors.一架直升飞机很快飞抵现场搭救幸存者。
These things werefound at the scene of the murder.
② n. 风景，景色；景象
A beautiful scenealways makes me delighted.
【课文讲解】
1、When a lightpassenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains andits pilot was killed. off course 脱离轨道
fly off course 飞行偏离航线
During the storm, the ship went off course.
kill v.杀(仅表示死了，不一定是人为的杀死,有可能是火灾等) Fire in Tokyo. Five people killed.
Ten persons injured.(受伤)
murder v.谋杀(故意杀死)
2、It was themiddle of winter.
middle of winter 隆冬middle ofsummer 盛夏
3、Snow laythick on the ground.
lay 是系动词,thick是形容词作表语，表示主语的状态或性质。The old man lies ill and neglected in bed.
4、The womanknew that the nearest village was miles away. miles away 几英里之外(距离的表达方式)
5、The womankept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the caseherself, but it was too small.
as…as sb.
can/could= as…as possible 尽可能的……
near to = close to
6、Early nextmorning, she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send asignal.
hear sb. doingsth. 听见某人正在做某事
overhead adv.从头顶wonder = want to know
7、Then she hadan idea. She stamped out the letters 'SOS' in the snow.
stamp out 踩出out为副词，表示“出现，显露”等
He wrote out a long
list of all the foods which were forbidden.SOS = Save Our Souls 国际通用呼救信号
in the snow 在雪地上
8、Fortunately,a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town.
by radio 通过广播
9、It was notlong before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of theplane crash.
long before = longlong ago 很久以前
It was not long
before + 从句 不久就……(指过去)
It was not long before he went abroad.
It was not longbefore I finished my homework.
It will not be long
before…不久就(将来可能发生的事)It will not be long before he getsover his illness.
before long 不久以后(一般将来时,从现在算不久以后会怎么样)Before long, he will go abroad.
Shortly before …之前不久shortlyafter 之后立即
on the scene 在现场(固定短语)
【Special Difficulties】
可以表示“变成”的一些动词
grow，turn，go，get，com，fall等动词均有“变成”的意思，但它们在用法上有时有差别。
grow表示“(逐渐)变得”，比get要正式些：
He has grown to like studying mathematics.
grow = get slowly慢慢变得
turn表示“把(状态、性质)改变(成)……”或“使变颜色”等Leaves will turn yellow in autumn.
A colony of bees had turned the engine into ahive.
go表示“变成(某种状态)”，通常表示不好的变化：
The milk went sour.
get在口语中使用较多，表示“成为(某种状态)”，强调的是变化的过程(一下子变得)。天气变化，一般用get，get
cold(变冷)
come可表示“变成，成为，达到”等，与true连用时表示“实现” Her dream to swim across the channel has come true. come +true/right/loose
The dream comestrue. 梦想成真。
Take it easy.Everything will come right.
come loose 变松动
fall可表示“变成……的状态”
fall +asleep/ill 坠落梦乡/病倒了
【Multiple choice questions】
9 It got terriblycold. The cold was __d__.
(a) frightening (b) horrifying (c) shocking (d) frightful
frightful =terrible
frightening adj.让人产生吓了一跳的感觉
horrifying adj.令人恐惧的
shocking adj.令人震惊的(坏事)
〖语法精粹〗
1. Did you find out___ the pie out of oven?
A. to take B. have taken C.when to take D. being taken
2. You would beirritated if you watched the mail __D_ on your desk every day.
A. putting up B to be put up C. to pile up D. pile up
see sb. do/doingsth. put up = set up 搭建
pile up 堆起来
3. We shall set Jim_C__ the passage.
A. explaining B. explained C.to explain D. explain
set sb. to dosth. 派某人做某事
set sb. doing =cause 导致……
4. In fact, she wouldrather leave for San Francisco __B_ in Los Angeles.
A. to stay B. than stay C than staying D. than have stayed
would ratherdo…than do /prefer…to…
prefer to do…ratherthan do…
5. Madame Curie isbelieved __D_ the radium.
A. discovering B. having discovered
C. to havediscovered D. to discover
be believed to dosth. 被动语态时是固定用法
5. Of all theeconomically important plants, palms have been __A_. A. the least studied B. study the least
C.study less and less D. to study the less
of + 范围 ，of all 是最高级的标志
6. During aneclipse of the sun, __A_ in the shadow of the Moon. A. the Earth lies B.the Earth when lying
C. that the Earthlies D. the lying Earth
7. The photoperiodic response of algae actually depends on the duration of darkness, _B__.
A. the light is noton B. and not on light
C. but is not onthe light D. is not on light
A 选项引入了新的谓语动词。
D 选项同样是没有连词却引入了新的谓语动词。
be on 上演；灯的点燃The light is on.
8. The wallflower_C__ because its weak stems often grow on walls and along strong cliffs forsupport.
A. so called is B. so is called C. is so called D. called is so
so called 所谓的
9. Because of itsimportance in modern living, _A__ in all parts of the world.
A. algebra isstudied in schools and colleges
B. studying algebrain schools and colleges
C. and the study ofalgebra in schools and colleges
D. in schools andcolleges are algebra studies
原句缺主语和谓语。
10. Sociologistshave long recognized that social tension __D_. A. elements from group living
B. elements of anormal group life
C. living are agroup of elements
D. are normalelements of group life
不定式：是一种非谓语动词，时间上表示将要
①做主语It isimportant to do sth.
②做宾语want todo
③做宾补allow/expect sb. to do sth.
④做定语(放在被修饰词之后) anything to do
⑤做状语：目的状语
⑥做表语
Lesson 76 April Fools' Day
【课文讲解】
1、we're goingover to the macaroni fields of Calabria.
go over 往……走过去
2、Here you can see two workers who, betweenthem, have just finished cutting three cartloads of golden brown macaronistalks.
between作介词时含义之一是“作为……共同努力的结果，协力”：Betweenthem they killed the snake.
3、The whole village has been working day andnight gathering and threshing this year's crop before the September rains.
rain n.雨水；雨季，季节性的雨(常用复数)
the September rains 9月雨季
We haven’t had muchrain this year.
【Special Difficulties】
Usual and Usually
usual adj.通常的，平常的，惯常的
I parked the car at the usual place.
usually adv.平常，通常
Between and Among
between prep.在(两者)之间
I picked up the receiver between two stickyfinger.
当表示两两之间的相互关系时，between可用于3个(或3个以上)的名词前：Thevillage lies between a river, a mountain and a road.
among prep.在……中间，被……环绕(指三者以上) The church lies among mountains.
Manager，Director andHeadmaster
manager n.经理
director n.主任，董事.
headmaster n.(中学)校长
Lesson77 Asuccessful operation
【New words and expressions】(14)
★last vi.持续，延续(常跟一个表示时间的名词或短语，没有被动语态)
last直接加时间或加for+时间
The meeting lasts(for) three hours.
★prove ① vi. 显示，表明
prove +adj. Itproves difficult to do the job by herself.
prove +to be +adj. It proves to be difficult.
② vt. 证明，证实(后面可跟从句、形容词、名词、不定式等) I will prove it to you.我将会证明给你看
We’re been tryingto sell our house, but it’s proved to be very difficult.
【课文讲解】
1、The mummy ofan Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation.
B.C. = BeforeChrist 公元前，放在年代的后面。
A.D. 公元，放在年代的前面,常常可以省略。
2、The mummy isthat of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes.
that指代上文当中出现的名词the
mummy。在指代特指事物时，尤其是在比较状语从句中，常用that和those指代提到的事物：
The cost of livinghere is lower than that in London.
that of和those of一般用于较正式的文体中：
It's colder than
Guangzhou. × (北京、广州是地点，只有大小之分，本身没有冷和热)
The weather ofBeijing is colder than Guangzhou. ×
The weather of
Beijing is colder than the weather of Guangzhou. = The weather of Beijing is
colder than that of Guangzhou. ∨
The texts of BookTwo are more difficult than those of Book One.
Temple ofThebes 底比斯神庙
3、As therewere strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have beentrying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.
take plates ofsth. 给……拍片子
take plate 拍片子，take photo 拍照片
4、As therewere strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have beentrying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.
find out + 从句
die 是瞬间动词，不能和段时间连用。要和段时间连用，就必须变成系表结构be dead。die不能用be
doing形式。若用了be doing，表示即将发生的动作。
die in theaccident 死于车祸
die of + 内因 死于……
die of hunger die of grief 死于悲哀
die from + 外因 死于……
die from wound (枪伤)
在日常生活表达当中，die
of和die from可以互换。
5 The doctors have
not yet decided how the woman died. what 对名词提问，how对副词或介词短语提问。 how在这里是对of sth.提问的。要想用what提问，died后面加of。
decide v. 做出最终的判断，对.下判决，解决(悬案)
7、They feared that the mummy would fall topieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened.
fear v.害怕(长时间的) cutopen 切开
fall to pieces =goto pieces 碎成碎片，散掉
During the storm, the old house fell topieces.
【Special
Difficulties】
B.C. and A.D.
B.C. = BeforeChrist 公元前(位于年代之后)
The Romans invaded England in 55 B.C.
A.D. = anno Domini(=inthe yeare of the Lord=since Christ was born) 公元前(位于年代之前)
Skin，Leather and Complexion
skin n.人体的皮肤；指某人是什么颜色的皮肤(可与complexion互换)We are wet to the skin.
He has a dark skin/complexion.
leather n.皮革This sofa is made from real leather.
complexion n.肤色
Wax and Candle
wax n.蜡(不可数)candle n.蜡烛(可数名词)
