昨天说到孩子要去捉沙丁鱼,而老人多次打岔扯闲篇,我们知道,这肯定是幕后的海明威“指使”,有意而为之。那么,老人扯闲篇的内容,海明威也是随意西拼八凑出来的吗?
显然不是。
凑字数这种事对一个崇尚“冰山写作”的作家来说是绝对不能忍的。
今天这篇,我们就来详细解读老人与男孩的对话里,海明威想要透露给读者什么信息。
P4##
"You bought me a beer,"the old man said."You are already a man."
心里有数的作者,给笔下人物写台词是量身定制的。
还记得上一页男孩提出建议后老人怎么回答的吗?
"Why not?"The old man said."Between fisherman."
老人已经把孩子当成了一个真正的男人。
P4-5##
跨页的这一段,是男孩为数不多的长句子之一。
"I can remember the tail slapping and banging and the thwart breaking and the noise of the clubbing.I can remember you throwing me into the bow where the wet coiled lines were and feeling the whole boat shiver and the noise of you clubbing him like chopping a tree down and the sweet blood smell all over me."
“我记得鱼尾巴吧嗒吧嗒地直扑打,船上的坐板给打断了,还有你拿棍子打鱼的声音。我记得你把我直往船头上推,那儿放着湿漉漉的钓绳卷,我觉得整条船都在颤抖,听到你噼里啪啦用棍子打鱼的声音,像在砍倒一棵树,我浑身上下散发着一股甜丝丝的血腥味儿。”
这段话里,有两个地方值得学习。
1、动词的连续使用不重复。看写一个关于“打”的动作,海明威都用了哪些词。
"I can remember the tail slapping and banging and the thwart breaking and the noise of the clubbing.I can remember you throwing me into the bow where the wet coiled lines were and feeling the whole boat shiver and the noise of you clubbing him like chopping a tree down and the sweet blood smell all over me."
2、思考一下:小男孩为什么会把这段往事记得如此清楚?
从前文我们知道,孩子第一次跟着老人出海打渔的年龄是5岁。一个5岁的孩子,竟能连气味、声音这些细节都记得清清楚楚。
我们从这段话里能体会到这么几层意思:
一、当时的情景的确给孩子留下了非常深刻的印象。
二、为孩子如此依赖老人爱老人找到了原因,老人在孩子年幼时就是一个大英雄,这段记忆伴随孩子至今。
三、也许孩子后来的回忆里有很多细节与实际发生的情景不符,略有夸张,但这正说明孩子异常崇拜老人,不自觉地添加了自己的想象。
所以,这段话出现的目的是海明威要向读者阐明老人与孩子之间情感的产生逻辑:为什么非亲非故的俩人之间会有如此深厚的感情?
P5-6##
孩子要为老人捉沙丁鱼做鱼饵,老人说我还有,在盒子里用盐腌着呢。
孩子说那我给你弄四条新鲜的吧。
这时,海明威用了一个词写出了老人的自信。
"One,"the old man said.His hope and his confidence had never gone.But now they were freshening as when the breeze rises.
老人很自信,出海只带一个鱼饵就够。并且此处再次出现了表达“清新”的词来渲染气氛。
孩子与老人讨价还价,最后以“two”成交。
"Thank you,"the old man said.He was too simple to wonder when he had attained humility.But he knew he had attained it and he knew it was not disgraceful and it carried no loss of true pride.
“谢谢你,”老人说。他心地单纯,不会去捉摸自己什么时候变得如此谦虚。但他知道他已经变谦虚了,还知道这并不丢脸,也无损于真正的自尊。
自信写不好很容易就成自负,而自负的角色是不讨喜的。海明威前面让老人说“one”表达自信之后,又加了这么一段让读者明白,历经沧桑之后,勇敢坚强的圣地亚哥,还拥有了谦虚的智慧。
P7##
在接下来的谈话中,孩子替读者问了老人一个问题:
"But are you strong enough now for a truly big fish?"
"I think so.And there are many tricks."
老人的回答很简单,自信,又可信。打鱼不只靠力气、胆量,还有很多诀窍。
P7-8##
跨页这一大段用了较长的篇幅写老人居住的窝棚。
门是开着的。
家里也只有——
"a bed,a table,one chair,and a place on the dirt floor to cook with charcoal."
真是家徒四壁啊,门开着也没事,确实没什么好偷的。
然而,大段破败的窝棚描写之后,本段最后一句又是一处“神转折”,看海明威怎么写老人对亡妻的爱。
Once there had been a tinted photograph of his wife on the wall but he had taken it down because it made him too lonely to see it and it was on the shelf in the corner under his clean shirt.
这个“clean”用的让我非常感动。窝棚简陋不堪,只此一处整洁。故去的妻子是老人心里最深的惦念。