react 知识点

1.ReactDOM.render

ReactDOM.render 是 React 的最基本方法，用于将模板转为 HTML 语言，并插入指定的 DOM 节点。

ReactDOM.render(
  <h1>Hello, world!</h1>,
  document.getElementById('example')
);

2.JSX 语法

<表示标签，{表示遇到代码块

var names = ['Alice', 'Emily', 'Kate'];

ReactDOM.render(
  <div>
  {
    names.map(function (name) {
      return <div>Hello, {name}!</div>
    })
  }
  </div>,
  document.getElementById('example')
);

3.组件React.createClass

class属性需要写成 className，for属性需要写成 htmlFor

var HelloMessage = React.createClass({
  //输出组件
//this.props 
  render: function() {
    return <h1>Hello {this.props.name}</h1>;
  }
});

ReactDOM.render(
  <HelloMessage name="John" />,
  document.getElementById('example')
);

4.this.props.children

this.props 对象的属性与组件的属性一一对应，但是有一个例外，就是 this.props.children 属性。它表示组件的所有子节点

var NotesList = React.createClass({
  render: function() {
    return (
      <ol>
      {
        React.Children.map(this.props.children, function (child) {
          return <li>{child}</li>;
        })
      }
      </ol>
    );
  }
});

ReactDOM.render(
  <NotesList>
    <span>hello</span>
    <span>world</span>
  </NotesList>,
  document.body
);

5.PropTypes

组件的属性可以接受任意值，字符串、对象、函数等等都可以。有时，我们需要一种机制，验证别人使用组件时，提供的参数是否符合要求。

var MyTitle = React.createClass({
  propTypes: {
    title: React.PropTypes.string.isRequired,
  },

  render: function() {
     return <h1> {this.props.title} </h1>;
   }
});

6.**获取真实的DOM节点ref

var MyComponent = React.createClass({
  handleClick: function() {
    this.refs.myTextInput.focus();
  },
  render: function() {
    return (
      <div>
        <input type="text" ref="myTextInput" />
        <input type="button" value="Focus the text input" onClick={this.handleClick} />
      </div>
    );
  }
});

ReactDOM.render(
  <MyComponent />,
  document.getElementById('example')
);

7.状态机this.state

一开始有一个初始状态，然后用户互动，导致状态变化，从而触发重新渲染 UI

var LikeButton = React.createClass({
  getInitialState: function() {
    return {liked: false};
  },
  handleClick: function(event) {
    this.setState({liked: !this.state.liked});
  },
  render: function() {
    var text = this.state.liked ? 'like' : 'haven\'t liked';
    return (
      <p onClick={this.handleClick}>
        You {text} this. Click to toggle.
      </p>
    );
  }
});

ReactDOM.render(
  <LikeButton />,
  document.getElementById('example')
);

8.表单** 和onChange结合使用

\用户在表单填入的内容，属于用户跟组件的互动，所以不能用 this.props 读取

var Input = React.createClass({
  getInitialState: function() {
    return {value: 'Hello!'};
  },
  handleChange: function(event) {
    this.setState({value: event.target.value});
  },
  render: function () {
    var value = this.state.value;
    return (
      <div>
        <input type="text" value={value} onChange={this.handleChange} />
        <p>{value}</p>
      </div>
    );
  }
});

ReactDOM.render(<Input/>, document.body);

9.组件的生命周期

Mounting：已插入真实 DOM
Updating：正在被重新渲染
Unmounting：已移出真实 DOM

will
函数在进入状态之前调用，
did
函数在进入状态之后调用，三种状态共计五种处理函数。

componentWillMount()
componentDidMount()
componentWillUpdate(object nextProps, object nextState)
componentDidUpdate(object prevProps, object prevState)
componentWillUnmount()

此外，React 还提供两种特殊状态的处理函数

componentWillReceiveProps(object nextProps)：已加载组件收到新的参数时调用
shouldComponentUpdate(object nextProps, object nextState)：组件判断是否重新渲染时调用

var Hello = React.createClass({
  getInitialState: function () {
    return {
      opacity: 1.0
    };
  },

  componentDidMount: function () {
    this.timer = setInterval(function () {
      var opacity = this.state.opacity;
      opacity -= .05;
      if (opacity < 0.1) {
        opacity = 1.0;
      }
      this.setState({
        opacity: opacity
      });
    }.bind(this), 100);
  },

  render: function () {
    return (
      <div style={{opacity: this.state.opacity}}>
        Hello {this.props.name}
      </div>
    );
  }
});

ReactDOM.render(
  <Hello name="world"/>,
  document.body
);

style={{opacity: this.state.opacity}}

10.Ajax

组件的数据来源，通常是通过 Ajax 请求从服务器获取，可以使用 componentDidMount 方法设置 Ajax 请求，等到请求成功，再用 this.setState 方法重新渲染 UI

var UserGist = React.createClass({
  getInitialState: function() {
    return {
      username: '',
      lastGistUrl: ''
    };
  },

  componentDidMount: function() {
    $.get(this.props.source, function(result) {
      var lastGist = result[0];
      if (this.isMounted()) {
        this.setState({
          username: lastGist.owner.login,
          lastGistUrl: lastGist.html_url
        });
      }
    }.bind(this));
  },

  render: function() {
    return (
      <div>
        {this.state.username}'s last gist is
        <a href={this.state.lastGistUrl}>here</a>.
      </div>
    );
  }
});

ReactDOM.render(
  <UserGist source="https://api.github.com/users/octocat/gists" />,
  document.body
);

1.props和state的区别

don't use state at all to build this static version. State is reserved only for interactivity, that is, data that changes over time
State 仅仅用在交互性的操作中。

//是不是从props属相传递过来的 
Is it passed in from a parent via props? 
If so, it probably isn't state.
//是不是一直未变化
Does it remain unchanged over time? 
If so, it probably isn't state.
//是不是基于其他的state或者props
Can you compute it based on any other state or props in your component?
If so, it isn't state.

2.自上而下 or 自下而上设计

In simpler examples, it's usually easier to go top-down, and on larger projects, it's easier to go bottom-up and write tests as you build.
在简单的应用中适合自上而下的设计，在复杂的应用中适合自下而上设计组件。

3.如何确定state的归属

Identify every component that renders something based on that state.
//最上面的一个,一般是共有的
Find a common owner component (a single component above all 
the components that need the state in the hierarchy).

Either the common owner or another component higher up in the 
hierarchy should own the state.
//如果不确定就自己创建一个
If you can't find a component where it makes sense to own the
state, create a new component simply for holding the state and
 add it somewhere in the hierarchy above the common owner 
component.