4. (1)affirming the consequent:

(2)If you obey the law , Then you will stay out of trouble with the police ———if A, then B（premise）

If you managed to stay out of trouble with the police—if B(premise)

Then you don’t go around breaking the law——then A(conclusion)

Attack the claim:

In the If-A-Then-B form, B is necessary but not sufficient for A.In this case, staying out of trouble with the police alone can’t guarantee you not breaking the law. Other conditions may cause you break the law without dealing with the police, some civil actions that violate the civil law code for example.

8. (1)affirming the consequent:

(2) if a person is given a proper upbringing by one’s parents, he or she will treat others with respect.——if A then B(premise)

If a person treat others with respect——if B(premise)

He or she has indeed been given a proper upbringing.——then A(conclusion)

Attack the claim:

In the If-A-Then-B form, B is necessary but not sufficient for A. In this case for example, one may treat others with respect because he is threatened by someone for doing so, but not because he is raised to behave properly and politely.