1. 修饰实义动词：She smiles sweetly.
2. 修饰形容词：She looks pretty sweet.
3. 修饰副词：She smiles especially sweetly.
4. 修饰整个句子：Luckily, she passed the examination.

1. 非谓语动词：She leaves, crying.
2. 从句：When a little girl, I loved Jeff so much.
3. 副词：She runs away quickly.
4. 介词短语：He runs fast like a crazy dog.

1. 时间状语从句
   (1) 常见引导词：
       {1} when：当...时
       {2} while：在...期间
       {3} as：一边...一边...
       {4} as soon as：一...就...
       {5} once：一旦
       {6} since：自从...从来
       {7} before：在...之前
       {8} after：在...之后
       {9} not...until：直到...才
       {10} until/till：直到...时
   (2) 名词短语：
       {1} the instant：当...的时候
       {2} the moment：一...就
       {3} every time：每当
   (3) 特殊引导词：
       {1} immediately：一...就
       {2} directly：一...就

2. 地点状语从句
   (1) 常见引导词：where
   (2) 介词形式：表示地点

3. 原因状语从句
   (1) 常见引导词：because，since，as，for
   (2) 特殊引导词：
       {1} considering that
       {2} given that
       {3} seeing that
       {4} now that
       {5} in that
   (3) 介词形式：
       {1} because of
       {2} due to
       {3} owing to
       {4} thanks to
       {5} for the sake of

4. 结果状语从句
   (1) 常见引导词：so that，so...that，such...that
   (2) 特殊引导词：to the degree that，to the extent that，to such a degree that

5. 条件状语从句
   (1) 常见引导词：if，unless
   (2) 特殊引导词：
       {1} as/so long as：只要
       {2} only if：只要
       {3} providing/provided that：假如
       {4} supposing that：假如
       {5} in case that：以防
       {6} on condition that：如果

6. 目的状语从句
   (1) 常见引导词：so that，in order that
   (2) 动词不定式：to，in order to，so as to

7. 方式状语从句
   (1) 常见引导词：as，as if，as though
   (2) 特殊引导词：the way
   (3) 介词形式 ：by，through，in...way，in...manner

8. 比较状语从句
   (1) 常见引导词：as，than
   (2) 特殊引导词：
       {1} as..as...：和...一样...
       {2} the more...the more...：越...，越...
       {3} more than：不仅仅是，非常，多于
       {4} more a than b：与其说 b，不如说 a
       {5} not so much as/not even：甚至不
       {6} not so much a as b：与其说 a，倒不如说 b

9. 让步状语从句
   (1) 常见引导词：though，although，even if，even though
   (2) 特殊引导词：
       {1} as：虽然
       {2} while：虽然，用在句首
       {3} no matter：无论
       {4} in spite of：尽管