我们知道启动之前除了app和PackageManifest(生成缓存文件)以外第一个实例化的对象便是 App\Http\Kernel::class
,而内核类需要两个参数,app 实例和路由实例
# class Kernel
public function __construct(Application $app, Router $router)
{
$this->app = $app;
$this->router = $router;
$router->middlewarePriority = $this->middlewarePriority;
foreach ($this->middlewareGroups as $key => $middleware) {
$router->middlewareGroup($key, $middleware);
}
foreach ($this->routeMiddleware as $key => $middleware) {
$router->aliasMiddleware($key, $middleware);
}
}
即内核实例化之前你必须有一个 router 实例,而在 Application 的构造函数中已经 registerBaseServiceProviders
了路由
public function __construct($basePath = null)
{
if ($basePath) {
$this->setBasePath($basePath);
}
$this->registerBaseBindings();
$this->registerBaseServiceProviders();
$this->registerCoreContainerAliases();
}
protected function registerBaseServiceProviders()
{
$this->register(new EventServiceProvider($this));
$this->register(new LogServiceProvider($this));
$this->register(new RoutingServiceProvider($this));
}
# RoutingServiceProvider
public function register()
{
$this->registerRouter();
$this->registerUrlGenerator();
$this->registerRedirector();
$this->registerPsrRequest();
$this->registerPsrResponse();
$this->registerResponseFactory();
$this->registerControllerDispatcher();
}
# 可以看到实例化路由,需要传入两个参数, event 和 app,即实例化路由前,你需要有一个 event 实例
# 注意这里的 $app 是一个对象,那么对象为什么能用数组的形式调用呢?原来是 Application 实现了 \ArrayAccess 接口 (该接口以提供以数组形式访问对象。)
# 所以当 $app['events'] 时候,它执行了offsetGet($key) 方法,获取到 event 实例
#
# public function offsetGet($key)
# {
# return $this->make($key);
# }
protected function registerRouter()
{
# dd($this->app);
# 此时可以看到下面(输出 1)的输出,router 还没被实例化,event 也没有
$this->app->singleton('router', function ($app) {
return new Router($app['events'], $app);
});
}
# 输出 1
# 未实例化router之前
#resolved: []
#bindings: array:12 [▼
"events" => array:2 [▶]
"log" => array:2 [▶]
"router" => array:2 [▶]
"url" => array:2 [▶]
"redirect" => array:2 [▶]
"Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface" => array:2 [▶]
"Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface" => array:2 [▶]
"Illuminate\Contracts\Routing\ResponseFactory" => array:2 [▶]
"Illuminate\Routing\Contracts\ControllerDispatcher" => array:2 [▶]
"Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel" => array:2 [▶]
"Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel" => array:2 [▶]
"Illuminate\Contracts\Debug\ExceptionHandler" => array:2 [▶]
]
#methodBindings: []
#instances: array:12 [▼
"path" => "/var/www/html/app"
"path.base" => "/var/www/html"
"path.lang" => "/var/www/html/resources/lang"
"path.config" => "/var/www/html/config"
"path.public" => "/var/www/html/public"
"path.storage" => "/var/www/html/storage"
"path.database" => "/var/www/html/database"
"path.resources" => "/var/www/html/resources"
"path.bootstrap" => "/var/www/html/bootstrap"
"app" => Application {#2}
"Illuminate\Container\Container" => Application {#2}
"Illuminate\Foundation\PackageManifest" => PackageManifest {#4 ▶}
]
实例化router,这里首先需要 $app['events'],上面已经降到了对象数组调用,其实是用了 make 方法,而make则是实例化event对象,如下
# 这部分代码做了两件事,
# 第一件 实例化 Dispatcher
# 第二件设置队列解析器实现,并返回 Dispatcher 实例
public function register()
{
$this->app->singleton('events', function ($app) {
return (new Dispatcher($app))->setQueueResolver(function () use ($app) {
return $app->make(QueueFactoryContract::class);
});
});
}
返回 event 实例后,才真正的实例化 Router 对象,
# Router.php
# 实例化时需要一个 events,container 就是 $app, 然后又 设置了 routes 属性为 RouteCollection 实例
public function __construct(Dispatcher $events, Container $container = null)
{
$this->events = $events;
$this->routes = new RouteCollection;
$this->container = $container ?: new Container;
}
实例化完router和events后回到最初的kernel,
# class Kernel
public function __construct(Application $app, Router $router)
{
$this->app = $app;
$this->router = $router;
# 把系统的 $middlewarePriority 加入到router中,注意这个属性的中间件是有顺序的!,它会按照顺序调用
$router->middlewarePriority = $this->middlewarePriority;
# middlewareGroups 把中间件组添加进去,即 web 中间件和 api 中间件
foreach ($this->middlewareGroups as $key => $middleware) {
$router->middlewareGroup($key, $middleware);
}
# $routeMiddleware 中间件别名注册
# 中间件组中有这样一段的代码,throttle,bindings 都是别名
# 'api' => [
# 'throttle:60,1',
# 'bindings',
# ],
foreach ($this->routeMiddleware as $key => $middleware) {
$router->aliasMiddleware($key, $middleware);
}
}
走到这里,我打印了路由实例
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然后至此,即到生成kernel实例这里,可以看到整个app只实例化了
- events
- router
- App\Http\Kernel ? 生成 kernel 实例好理解,但是为什么有两个?
- Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel ?
Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel
$kernel = $app->make(Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class);
dd($app);
[图片上传失败...(image-a44d9-1547535186650)]
生成 kernel 实例好理解,但是为什么有两个?
先看这里
# 在 new Application 之后,make kernel 之前,系统先绑定了三个单例,其中就有 Kernel
$app = new Illuminate\Foundation\Application(
dirname(__DIR__)
);
$app->singleton(
Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class,
App\Http\Kernel::class
);
$app->singleton(
Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel::class,
App\Console\Kernel::class
);
$app->singleton(
Illuminate\Contracts\Debug\ExceptionHandler::class,
App\Exceptions\Handler::class
);
来看 make 方法
# app 的 make 方法实际上调用了 reslove 方法
public function make($abstract, array $parameters = [])
{
return $this->resolve($abstract, $parameters);
}
# 在 index.php 中用户传入的其实是一个接口,即 interface Kernel,接口当然不能实例化咯,所以,在去拿实例之前,系统会先去解析接口对应的实例对象类,可看到它会走到 $concrete = $this->getConcrete($abstract); 这里 而 getConcrete('Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel') 方法会先去找bingings 中对应的 concrete,也就是生成 kernel 的闭包,因为之前绑定过单例所以找到了!它返回了一个生成 App\Http\Kernel::class 类的闭包,然后继续看 $this->isBuildable($concrete, $abstract),因为是闭包所以会走到 $object = $this->build($concrete); 里面 嗯,里面的逻辑就是new App\Http\Kernel,但是为什么下面这个resloved中 kernel类比抽象类先解析完成呢?我明明 make 的是lluminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel这个接口类啊,奥秘在$object = $this->build($concrete);这个build里面,因为build传入了闭包,所以进去之后它会执行闭包,而闭包的生成是这样的当传入的$abstract和$concrete不一样是,它又会make,显然App\Http\Kernel和 Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel不一样,所以它会make('App\Http\Kernel'),这时候他就会走到build方法中并且传入的不再是闭包,而是 App\Http\Kernel,然后用反射类去生成实例,再使得$this->resolved[$abstract] = true;所以App\Http\Kernel先变成true,当去拿Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel实际走的是getClosure中的make方法,而此时已经有了 kernel 实例,所以直接返回,并设置$this->resolved[$abstract] = true;
# 解析Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel的时候走了两次 make 方法第一次是Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel本身,第二次是 App\Http\kernel
resolved: array:4 [▼
"events" => true
"router" => true
"App\Http\Kernel" => true
"Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel" => true
]
# 闭包生成
protected function getClosure($abstract, $concrete)
{
return function ($container, $parameters = []) use ($abstract, $concrete) {
if ($abstract == $concrete) {
return $container->build($concrete);
}
return $container->make($concrete, $parameters);
};
}
protected function resolve($abstract, $parameters = [])
{
$abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract);
$needsContextualBuild = ! empty($parameters) || ! is_null(
$this->getContextualConcrete($abstract)
);
if (isset($this->instances[$abstract]) && ! $needsContextualBuild) {
return $this->instances[$abstract];
}
$this->with[] = $parameters;
$concrete = $this->getConcrete($abstract);
if ($this->isBuildable($concrete, $abstract)) {
$object = $this->build($concrete);
} else {
$object = $this->make($concrete);
}
foreach ($this->getExtenders($abstract) as $extender) {
$object = $extender($object, $this);
}
if ($this->isShared($abstract) && ! $needsContextualBuild) {
$this->instances[$abstract] = $object;
}
$this->fireResolvingCallbacks($abstract, $object);
$this->resolved[$abstract] = true;
array_pop($this->with);
return $object;
}
内核生成之后,便开始调用hanle方法了
$response = $kernel->handle(
$request = Illuminate\Http\Request::capture()
);
$request = Illuminate\Http\Request::capture()
public static function capture()
{
static::enableHttpMethodParameterOverride();
return static::createFromBase(SymfonyRequest::createFromGlobals());
}
# 返回了一个request实例,并且主管实例带着客户端传过来的数据
public static function createFromBase(SymfonyRequest $request)
{
if ($request instanceof static) {
return $request;
}
$content = $request->content;
$request = (new static)->duplicate(
$request->query->all(), $request->request->all(), $request->attributes->all(),
$request->cookies->all(), $request->files->all(), $request->server->all()
);
$request->content = $content;
$request->request = $request->getInputSource();
return $request;
}
hanle
public function handle($request)
{
try {
# 这一句,用来开启 _method 参数,也就是你可以模拟请求,比如你的 post 请求中带有_method=put,那么laravel会把你的请求当成put请求,注意 源码有这样的注释 The HTTP method can only be overridden when the real HTTP method is POST.它只能重写你的post请求为"PUT" or "DELETE"
$request->enableHttpMethodParameterOverride();
$response = $this->sendRequestThroughRouter($request);
} catch (Exception $e) {
$this->reportException($e);
$response = $this->renderException($request, $e);
} catch (Throwable $e) {
$this->reportException($e = new FatalThrowableError($e));
$response = $this->renderException($request, $e);
}
$this->app['events']->dispatch(
new Events\RequestHandled($request, $response)
);
return $response;
}
然后sendRequestThroughRouter
protected function sendRequestThroughRouter($request)
{
# 可以看到这里他重新绑定了request实例
# 为什么这样做?
# 首先请求过来的request都是不一样的,如果不在这里绑定那么app回去new一个Request类,你拿不到客户端的任何参数
$this->app->instance('request', $request);
# 清除了下 Facade,Facade 应该是一个静态类,类似单例,但用的是抽象类的写法,为什么写这一步,不太明白
Facade::clearResolvedInstance('request');
# 启动
# 1. 加载系统环境变量
# 2. 加载配置文件 config
# 3. 设置异常处理handler
# 4. 注册门面,这之后才能用门面
# 5. 加载 app.php 中的 providers
# 6. 修改 booted = true,并且逐个调用 provider 中的 boot 方法
$this->bootstrap();
return (new Pipeline($this->app))
->send($request)
->through($this->app->shouldSkipMiddleware() ? [] : $this->middleware)
->then($this->dispatchToRouter());
}
第四步解析
# RegisterFacades 上面的第四个步骤
# 最后还是调用了 spl_autoload_register 和 class_alias
# 比如调用 \App 它会调用 Facade 下面的 load 方法,load 把类名解析成 Illuminate\Support\Facades\Request,然后调用 __callStatic
public function bootstrap(Application $app)
{
Facade::clearResolvedInstances();
# 传入 app 实例,使得到时候拿实例的时候去app上拿
Facade::setFacadeApplication($app);
AliasLoader::getInstance(array_merge(
$app->make('config')->get('app.aliases', []),
$app->make(PackageManifest::class)->aliases()
))->register();
}
public function register()
{
if (! $this->registered) {
$this->prependToLoaderStack();
$this->registered = true;
}
}
protected function prependToLoaderStack()
{
spl_autoload_register([$this, 'load'], true, true);
}
public function load($alias)
{
if (static::$facadeNamespace && strpos($alias, static::$facadeNamespace) === 0) {
$this->loadFacade($alias);
return true;
}
if (isset($this->aliases[$alias])) {
return class_alias($this->aliases[$alias], $alias);
}
}
public static function __callStatic($method, $args)
{
$instance = static::getFacadeRoot();
if (! $instance) {
throw new RuntimeException('A facade root has not been set.');
}
return $instance->$method(...$args);
}
public static function getFacadeRoot()
{
return static::resolveFacadeInstance(static::getFacadeAccessor());
}
protected static function resolveFacadeInstance($name)
{
if (is_object($name)) {
return $name;
}
if (isset(static::$resolvedInstance[$name])) {
return static::$resolvedInstance[$name];
}
# 关键,如果你之前没用过,它会返回app对应实例并且,赋值给 Facade的$resolvedInstance属性注册一下,注册树模式,Facade 的app 实例是启动的时候传的,请看RegisterFacades.php
return static::$resolvedInstance[$name] = static::$app[$name];
}
下面是我模拟Facade的例子
<?php
require '../vendor/autoload.php';
$app = new Duc\App;
$app->load();
echo \Request::get();
<?php
namespace Duc;
class App
{
public function load()
{
class_alias('Duc\Alias\Request', '\Request');
}
}
<?php
namespace Duc\Alias;
class Request
{
public static function get()
{
return 'call alias Request';
}
}
最后输出 call alias Request
第五步解析
public function registerConfiguredProviders()
{
# partition 方法根据回调把集合分成2部分
$providers = Collection::make($this->config['app.providers'])
->partition(function ($provider) {
return Str::startsWith($provider, 'Illuminate\\');
});
# $this->make(PackageManifest::class)->providers() 这一步,实现了包自动加载,把composer.json 中对应的自动加载包加入到了 $providers 中,并且在这一步,系统为 providers 做了缓存,你可以在 bootstrap/cache 中看到 packages.php 缓存文件
$providers->splice(1, 0, [$this->make(PackageManifest::class)->providers()]);
# 这里就开始逐个加载 provider 了,该延迟的延迟该解析的解析
(new ProviderRepository($this, new Filesystem, $this->getCachedServicesPath()))
->load($providers->collapse()->toArray());
}
public function load(array $providers)
{
# 第一步先检查是否存在 sevices.php
$manifest = $this->loadManifest();
# 不存在则编译文件写入缓存
if ($this->shouldRecompile($manifest, $providers)) {
$manifest = $this->compileManifest($providers);
}
# 注册相关事件监听
foreach ($manifest['when'] as $provider => $events) {
$this->registerLoadEvents($provider, $events);
}
# 预加载 provider,只要属性defer为false的都是预加载
foreach ($manifest['eager'] as $provider) {
$this->app->register($provider);
}
# 把延迟加载的内容放入 $deferredServices 属性中
$this->app->addDeferredServices($manifest['deferred']);
}
protected function compileManifest($providers)
{
# 初始化
$manifest = $this->freshManifest($providers);
foreach ($providers as $provider) {
$instance = $this->createProvider($provider);
# 实例化每个 provider 获取其中的属性
if ($instance->isDeferred()) {
foreach ($instance->provides() as $service) {
$manifest['deferred'][$service] = $provider;
}
# when 属性指的是,注册 provider 所带的 events
$manifest['when'][$provider] = $instance->when();
}
else {
# 预加载,是提前注册,在binding中存入相关生成的闭包,并没有实例化对象的操作
$manifest['eager'][] = $provider;
}
}
# 创建 services.php 缓存文件
return $this->writeManifest($manifest);
}
最后的最后
系统启动成功,然后开始调用 Pipeline,请看下回分析😅
return (new Pipeline($this->app))
->send($request)
->through($this->app->shouldSkipMiddleware() ? [] : $this->middleware)
->then($this->dispatchToRouter());
嗯,如果面试官问你 laravel bootstrap 目录下的两个缓存 packages.php 和 services.php 哪个先生成,嗯,请回答 packages.php