What we're learning from online education
By Daphne Koller (2012) |2,545,768 views| 20minutes
难度：4颗星/5

Video链接：
https://www.ted.com/talks/daphne_koller_what_we_re_learning_from_online_education?referrer=playlist-re_imagining_school

Questions思考题：
（方法一：看问题听音频易于专注输入和练习听力；方法二：看视频结束后用问题检验和输出）

1. Which part of the world is mentioned to show that education is just not readily accessible?
2. What makes education unaffordable for many people in America?
3. What class did her colleague offer?
4. What’s the goal of Coursera?
5. How many courses does the platform currently have?
6. How many students do they have?
7. What made these courses so different?
8. What’s special about the videos?
9. What types of homework can they grade with technology?
10. What’s essential to student learning?
11. Which better correlated with the teacher grades, peer grading or self-grading?
12. What’s the median response time for a question on the question and answer forum?
13. What are the three populations Benjamin Bloom observed?
14. Are universities now obsolete in the speaker’s opinion?
15. What are the benefits of active learning?
16. If we could offer a top-quality education to everyone around the world for free, what would that do?

Touching points触动点：

1. "When the gates opened, there was a stampede, and 20 people were injured and one woman died. She was a mother who gave her life trying to get her son a chance at a better life."

2. "Even for those who do manage to get the higher education, the doors of opportunity might not open. Only a little over half of recent college graduates in the United States who get a higher education actually are working in jobs that require that education."

3. "Big breakthroughs are what happen when what is suddenly possible meets what is desperately necessary." (Tom Friedman)

4. "So we formed Coursera, whose goal is to take the best courses from the best instructors at the best universities and provide it to everyone around the world for free."

5. "What made it different was that this was real course experience. It started on a given day, and then the students would watch videos on a weekly basis and do homework assignments. And these would be real homework assignments for a real grade, with a real deadline."

6. "Even our videos are not just videos. Every few minutes, the video pauses and the students get asked a question."

7. "This ability to interact actively with the material and be told when you're right or wrong is really essential to student learning."

8. Peer grading and self-grading are actually well correlated with teacher grades.

9. "And the really amazing thing is, because there were so many students, it means that even if a student posed a question at 3 o'clock in the morning, somewhere around the world, there would be somebody who was awake and working on the same problem. And so, in many of our courses, the median response time for a question on the question and answer forum was 22 minutes. Which is not a level of service I have ever offered to my Stanford students."

10. " You can collect every click, every homework submission, every forum post from tens of thousands of students. So you can turn the study of human learning from the hypothesis-driven mode to the data-driven mode"

11. " The mastery-based population was a full standard deviation, or sigma, in achievement scores better than the standard lecture-based class, and the individual tutoring gives you 2 sigma improvement in performance."

12. "If this is so great, are universities now obsolete? Well, Mark Twain certainly thought so. He said that "College is a place where a professor's lecture notes go straight to the students' lecture notes, without passing through the brains of either."

13. "The mind is not a vessel that needs filling, but wood that needs igniting." (Plutarch) And maybe we should spend less time at universities filling our students' minds with content by lecturing at them, and more time igniting their creativity, their imagination and their problem-solving skills by actually talking with them.

14. "It's a shame that for so many people, learning stops when we finish high school or when we finish college. By having this amazing content be available, we would be able to learn something new every time we wanted, whether it's just to expand our minds or it's to change our lives."

15. "This would enable a wave of innovation, because amazing talent can be found anywhere. Maybe the next Albert Einstein or the next Steve Jobs is living somewhere in a remote village in Africa. And if we could offer that person an education, they would be able to come up with the next big idea and make the world a better place for all of us."