设计类-学生课程信息

要求设计一个类，要求有姓名，年龄，课程信息，和分数；其中课程信息包括课程名称，课程老师、上课时长。手动编写设置器和访问器方法(getter和setter)。

一、getter和setter

1. 概念

在OC里， 为实例变量赋值的方法称作setter（设置器）
读取实例变量值的方法称作getter（访问器）
引入这两个是对面向对象语言封装的最基本的支持。

2. 书写格式

setter的书写格式如下, -(void)setAge:(int)age;即set＋首字母大写的实例变量名。
getter的书写格式如下，-(int) age； 即返回值类型与变量类型一致，方法名与实例变量名相同。

3. 与实例变量的关系

无论setter还是getter内部操作的是实例变量
每一个实例变量都需要一对setter和getter方法

4. 调用方法

一般的调用方法，是传统的带中括号[ ]的调用方法，比如

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-(void)printCourse{
    NSLog(@"courseName =%@ courseTime = %li teacherNAme=%@",[self courseName],[self courseTime],[self teacherName]);
}

其中[self courseName] 就是对courseName这个getter方法的调用。

二、类结构的设计

看要求可知，分成两层结构比较简单，一层是学生，一层是课程，学生类中的一些实例变量属于课程类。
课程类中的变量应该包括：课程名称，老师名称，课程时长。
学生类包括：姓名，年龄，对应课程，分数。

需要注意的几点：

  1. 因为在Student类中用到了Course类，所以在Student.h文件中要import Course.h头文件。
  2. Course构造方法是指针，所以在给学生的课程赋值时要用指针赋值。

三、代码

#######Course.h文件

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #d12f1b}p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; min-height: 13.0px}p.p3 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo}p.p4 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px 'Heiti SC Light'; color: #008400}p.p5 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #008400}p.p6 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #bb2ca2}span.s1 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #78492a}span.s2 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s3 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2}span.s4 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa}span.s5 {font: 11.0px Menlo; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s6 {font: 11.0px 'Heiti SC Light'; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Course : NSObject
{
    NSString *_courseName;
    NSString *_teacherName;
    NSInteger _courseTime;

}

//构造方法

-(id)initWithCourseName:(NSString *)courseName andCourseTime:(NSInteger)courseTime;

//getter方法
-(NSString *)courseName;
-(NSString *)teacherName;
-(NSInteger)courseTime;

//setter方法
-(void)setTeacherName:(NSString *)teacherName;

//打印课程
-(void)printCourse;

@end

#######Course.m文件

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #d12f1b}p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; min-height: 13.0px}p.p3 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #bb2ca2}p.p4 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px 'Heiti SC Light'; color: #008400}p.p5 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo}p.p6 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #008400}p.p7 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #4f8187}span.s1 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #78492a}span.s2 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s3 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000}span.s4 {font: 11.0px Menlo; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s5 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2}span.s6 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa}span.s7 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3d1d81}span.s8 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #4f8187}span.s9 {font: 11.0px 'Heiti SC Light'; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s10 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #31595d}

#import "Course.h"

@implementation Course
//构造方法
-(id)initWithCourseName:(NSString *)courseName andCourseTime:(NSInteger)courseTime
{
    self=[super init];
    if (self) {
        _courseName=courseName;
        _courseTime=courseTime;
    }
    return  self;
}

//getter方法
-(NSString *)courseName
{
    return _courseName;
}

-(NSString *)teacherName
{
    return _teacherName;
}

-(NSInteger)courseTime
{
    return _courseTime;
}

//setter方法
-(void)setTeacherName:(NSString *)teacherName
{
    _teacherName=teacherName;
}

//打印课程
-(void)printCourse{
    NSLog(@"courseName =%@ courseTime = %li teacherNAme=%@",[self courseName],[self courseTime],[self teacherName]);
}

@end

#######Student.h文件

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; min-height: 13.0px}p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #d12f1b}p.p3 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo}p.p4 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px 'Heiti SC Light'; color: #008400}p.p5 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #703daa}p.p6 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #008400}p.p7 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #bb2ca2}span.s1 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s2 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #78492a}span.s3 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2}span.s4 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa}span.s5 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #4f8187}span.s6 {font: 11.0px Menlo; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s7 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000}

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Course.h"

@interface Student : NSObject
{
    NSString *_name;
    NSInteger _age;
    NSInteger _score;
    
    Course *_course1;
    Course *_course2;
    Course *_course3;
    
}

//构造方法
-(id)initWithName:(NSString *)name andAge:(NSInteger)age;

//getter方法 读取实际变量的值
-(NSString *)name;
-(NSInteger)age;
-(NSInteger)score;

//setter
-(void)setName:(NSString *)name andAge:(NSInteger)age;

//功能方法
-(NSString *)getAllTeacherNames;
-(NSString *)getAllCourseNames;
-(NSInteger)getAllCourseTimes;
-(void)setCourse:(Course *)aCourse;

//通过课程的索引设置课程
-(void)setCourse:(Course *)newCourse byIndex:(NSInteger)index;

//打印学生信息
-(void)printStudentInfo;

//类方法
+ (void)testStudent;

@end

#######Student.m文件

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #d12f1b}p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; min-height: 13.0px}p.p3 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #bb2ca2}p.p4 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px 'Heiti SC Light'; color: #008400}p.p5 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo}p.p6 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #4f8187}p.p7 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Menlo; color: #31595d}span.s1 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #78492a}span.s2 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s3 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000}span.s4 {font: 11.0px Menlo; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures}span.s5 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #bb2ca2}span.s6 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa}span.s7 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3d1d81}span.s8 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #4f8187}span.s9 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #d12f1b}span.s10 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #31595d}span.s11 {font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #272ad8}span.s12 {font: 11.0px 'Heiti SC Light'; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #d12f1b}

#import "Student.h"

@implementation Student

//构造方法
-(id)initWithName:(NSString *)name andAge:(NSInteger)age
{
    self=[super init];
    if(self){
        _name =name;
        _age =age;
    }
    return self;
    
}

//功能方法
-(NSString *)getAllCourseNames{
    NSString *str=@"";
    if (_course1) {
        str=[str stringByAppendingString:[_course1 courseName]];
    }
    if (_course2) {
        str=[str stringByAppendingString:[_course2 courseName]];
    }
    if(_course3){
        str=[str stringByAppendingString:[_course3 courseName]];
    }
    return str;
}

-(NSString *)getAllTeacherNames
{
    NSString *str=@"";
    if (_course1) {
        str=[str stringByAppendingString:[_course1 teacherName]];
    }
    if (_course2) {
        str=[str stringByAppendingString:[_course2 teacherName]];
    }
    if (_course3) {
        str=[str stringByAppendingString:[_course3 teacherName]];
        }
    return str;
}

-(NSInteger)getAllCourseTimes
{
    NSInteger time=0;
    if (_course1) {
        time+=[_course1 courseTime];
    }
    if (_course2) {
        time+=[_course2 courseTime];
    }
    if (_course3) {
        time+=[_course3 courseTime];
    }
    return time;
}

-(void)setCourse:(Course *)newCourse byIndex:(NSInteger)index
{
    if (index==1) {
        _course1=newCourse;
    }
    else if (index==2) {
        _course2=newCourse;
    }
    
    else if (index==3) {
        _course3=newCourse;
    }
}

//打印学生信息
-(void)printStudentInfo
{
    NSLog(@"name=%@ age=%li score=%li",[self name],[self age],[self score]);
    [_course1 printCourse];
    [_course2 printCourse];
    [_course3 printCourse];
}

//类方法
+(void)testStudent
{
    Student *stu = [[Student alloc]initWithName:@"zhang" andAge:20];
    Course *course1=[[Course alloc]initWithCourseName:@"chinese" andCourseTime:20];
    [course1 setTeacherName:@"张老师"];
    Course *course2=[[Course alloc]initWithCourseName:@"math" andCourseTime:30];
    [course2 setTeacherName:@"杨老师"];
    Course *course3=[[Course alloc]initWithCourseName:@"english" andCourseTime:40];
    [course3 setTeacherName:@"王老师"];
    
    
    stu->_course1=course1;
    stu->_course2=course2;
    [stu setCourse:course3 byIndex:2];
    
    NSLog(@"%@",[stu getAllCourseNames]);
    
    NSLog(@"%@",[stu getAllTeacherNames]);
    
    NSLog(@"time = %li",[stu getAllCourseTimes]);
}

@end

四、 TODO

setter和getter的改进写法

参考：http://blog.csdn.net/lonelyroamer/article/details/7665112

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