Day 8 词汇梳理
【注:对前两个Topic的词汇复盘(比较两种不同的主被动储备分类方法)后,决定还是按两大类分:1.主动储备;2.被动储备。至于之前是否认识、在阅读文章时是否影响理解,在那项的词条里显示出来。例如:如果理解某词条的含义,只是想眼熟表达(不论转为主被动)则不标注释义。之后不再特别把认识的分为一大类,感觉没有多大意义。】
1.主动储备
▲manage the risk
▲take over
A takeover is the act of gaining control of a company by buying more of its shares than anyone else. (公司的) 收购[商业]
▲was nearly derailed by two data breaches
◇ derail 基本含义为出轨,此处作“被...打乱”解。
To derail something such as a plan or a series of negotiations means to prevent it from continuing as planned. 打乱 (原定计划)[journalism]
◇ data breach 数据泄露
▲interfere in/with干涉
Don't interfere in other's private concerns.
▲hacking-for-hire 黑客出租服务
car for hire 汽车租赁
▲booming 迅速发展的,繁荣的
其它释义:(声音等)低沉而有回响的,浑厚的;激增的;(价格)暴涨的。
▲There is little evidence that (sth.) will be any more trustworthy than...
▲It's tempting to believe that...
▲yet more technical wizardry /ˈwɪzədrɪ/(魔法,奇迹)
▲vulnerabilities 缺陷
▲illicit entry 非法入境
◇ illicit = illega,l illegitamate, unlawful
▲spark calls for
◇ If one thing sparks another, the first thing cause the second thing to start happening. 引发
My teacher organized a unit on space exploration that really sparked my interest.
我的老师编排了一个关于太空探测的单元,它真正激发了我的兴趣。
▲eliminate the risk from...
▲hamper the ability of...
▲in force
1.大规模地,以压倒优势地[亦作 in great force]
2.精力充沛;活跃(尤指谈话)[亦作 in great force]
文中作:3.(政府法令、法律、协议等)有效,实施中
▲be infected with 染上、患病
~ the virus
▲has for decades disclaimed liability for
◇ for decades 几十年来
for ages 很久;很长时间;for years 好几年
◇ disclaim liability for 拒绝承认对...的责任;不负担责任
She is asked by anassistant to sign a receipton which there are conditions by which the cleaners disclaim liability for damage however it may arise.
商店一名助理要求她签一张收据,条件是无论出现任何损坏,洗衣店不负任何责任。
▲give free rein to
If you give free rein tosomeone, you give them a lot of freedom to do what they want. 给 (某人) 充分的自由
The government continued to believe it should give free rein to the private sector in transportation.
政府继续认为应该给私营运输部门充分的自由。
▲prod
If you prod someone into doing something, you remind or persuade them to do it. 敦促
The question is intended to prod students into examining the concept of freedom.
这个问题旨在敦促学生探究自由这个概念。
▲have recourse to 依靠;求助于
▲One reason computersecurity is so bad today is that...
▲there is no excuse for repeating the mistake...
二、被动储备
▲extortion n.敲诈,勒索
▲prosthetics n.外科修复
▲bake into 融入,植入
One is that smart-phones with satellite-positioning baked into them are now widely available, making it very easy for people to broadcast their whereabouts.
理由之一是内置了卫星定位的智能手机如今随处可得,使得人们非常容易将他们的位置公开。
▲insulin pump 胰岛素泵
▲desktop 工作台,桌面;台式机
▲heightened vigilance 高度警觉
▲afterthought
If you do or say something as an afterthought, you do or say it after something else as an addition, perhaps without careful thought. 事后的想法; 马后炮
▲encryption
n. 加密 the activity of converting data or information into code
▲gizmo
a device or control that is very useful for a particular job 小物件
Syn. widget, gadget
▲Botnet
也就是我们所说的僵尸网络,是指采用一种或多种传播手段,将大量主机感染bot程序(僵尸程序),从而在控制者和被感染主机之间所形成的一个可一对多控制的网络。
▲router 路由器
▲malware 恶意软件
▲moot
When a point is moot, it's too trivial to think about. 无实际意义的(;未决议的)
moot court(法学院学生实习的)模拟法庭
▲butt up against the existing law
Some pension funds are also concerned that they will butt up againstthe limits if they have to calculate positions this way.
一些养老基金也很担心如果他们也按这种方式计算持仓也将违背新规定。
▲excoriated the industry’s lax attitude
◇excoriate:express strong disapproval of 严厉地责难
◇ If you say that a person's behaviour or a system is lax, you mean they are not careful or strict about maintaining high standards. 松懈的; 不严格的
▲payout 支出,花费
▲carve-out 上市 ; 分拆上市 ; 剥离
Day 9
导图:
神句组:
1.It is tempting to believe that the security problem can be solved with yet more technical wizardry and a call for heightened vigilance.
我们很想去相信,随着之后的科技发展和高度警觉,我们能够解决安全问题。
tempting译法参考:Now, it's very tempting at this point to say, look, of course Nothing could be easier? Just imagine being in heaven forever,right? 现在我很想说,当然了,这没什么难的,只要想象永远在天堂就行了对不对? ——耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选
笃师注释:通过利用更多尖端技术并提高警觉能解决安全问题-------------这一想法十分诱人。
注:分割长句,保留原意的同时,令译文读起来更加顺畅.
2.That requires a kind of cultivated paranoia which does not come naturally to non-tech firms.
那便需要去培养一种非科技公司所不常备有的警惕之心。
笃师注释:这就需要一种刻意培养的偏执,但非技术型的公司并不会自然而然地具备这一特质。
Cultivated paranoia字面意思指培养偏执,Cultivate培养,指有意识的形成某一特点,paranoia偏执,联系后面一句,提到所有的公司都应该积极主动检查漏洞,在问题发生之前及时修补,就好似平时我们说的偏执强迫症,可能明明门窗都关好了,但是出门前还得再三检查一下,由于出错的代价巨大,对于IT方面的漏洞就应该重视到近乎偏执,但是非技术公司一般都没有这样的传统习惯。
3.Such weaknesses are compounded by the history of the internet, in which security was an afterthought.
而因特网的历史又会进一步加重这样的缺陷,相较这过程来说,安全问题都是后话了。
The central bankers' problems are compounded by internal divisions and current realities. 内部分歧和眼下的现实情况让这些央行行长所面临的问题变得雪上加霜。
互联网的历史使得这一弱点雪上加霜,一直以来,人们都是事后才会考虑安全性的问题.
(昨天没有理解Which指代的是history,误作“雪上加霜”的过程。)
4.Computer security is best served by encryption that is strong for everyone.
加强对每个人的信息加密才能使电脑安全有最佳的保障。
but could argue these were best served by stabilising prices 但是它们认为实现这些目标的最佳途径是稳定价格
(得到最好的保护)
为所有人提供强化加密是最有利于计算机安全的.
Be best served by是一个非常常见的词组,表示最有利的是….Eg.Rather than support America, European “allies” increasingly see their national interests best served by distancing themselves from the US as much as possible./This suggests that small, open economies may
be best served by fixed exchange rates.
5.A firm that takes reasonable steps to make things safe, but which is compromised nevertheless, will have recourse to an insurance payout that will stop it from going bankrupt.
只要公司采取过有效的方法来保护安全,即便仍旧受损,它也可以靠保险理赔来防止破产。
And it turns out-- a little teaser for our security discussion as time passes that a lot of the times when software is compromised and you download Photoshop like a cracked version of Photoshop or something like that. 这对于即将讨论的安全性问题来说,只是一个小插曲,随着科技的发展,很多时候,如果工具受损,你会下载到一个版本不全的,或其他类似的东西。——哈佛公开课 计算机课程节选
采取合理措施加强安全但仍然受到侵害的公司,可以向保险公司索赔以避免破产。
6.But setting minimum standards still gets you only so far.
但就算是设定最低标准也不能让你再走多远。
但是制定最低标准的作用也很局限。
Get you far: 表示作用巨大,而get you only so far则表示作用有限。
Eg. But hard work will only get you so far, the rest is genetic, according to an expert.
Clear and powerful writing is a rare skill in business, and it will get you far.
虽然正反都可以用,但还是否定出现的频率更高.建议自己再多扩展几个句:
But when it comes to the biggest house-price bubble in history, theory does not get you very far.——ECONOMIST:When the roof fell in
We know that having all faith and no capabilities might not get you far). ——FORBES:How Much Faith Do We Rely On?
7.Silicon valley’s “go fast and break things” style of innovation is possible only if firms have relative free rein to put out new products while they still need perfecting.
硅谷“积极进取、勇于颠覆”式的创新也只有确保了这件事才能行之有效:公司可以相对自由地推广产品,即便它们还需要进一步地完善。
硅谷“快速行动勇于突破”的创新理念行得通的前提在于:公司有相对自由的权利推出尚未完善的产品。
Put out=launch 也是高频词。 发布新产品:launch / put out a new product
神词组:
Take security serious enough:足够重视安全问题
take sth. seriously, pay attention to, attach importance to 都是“重视”的意思。
Take advantage of:利用
Point of illicit entry:非法进入的突破口
非法入侵点
Create incentives for safer behavior:激励安全上网的行为
创建鼓励安全行为的激励方案
Refrain from doing sth:避免
克制做…
...refrain from any actions that run counter to this agenda. 避免任何与这个进程产生冲突的行为。
...urge all sides to refrain from violence敦促各方停止暴力
...calling on...to refrain from any proactive actions 呼吁XX不要采取挑衅行为
Spark calls for:引发对...的号召
激发对….的呼声
Hamper the ability of:妨碍(削弱)...的能力
Oblige sb to do sth:强迫某人做某事
Disclaim liability for:对...不负责任
豁免…的责任
disclaim:拒绝承担(责任)、放弃接受(权利):disclaim one's inheritance 放弃继承权
Draw comparisons to:与...相比/相提并论
Lax attitude:松散(松懈)的态度
Come down hard with:严厉惩戒、强烈反对
Day 10 总结反思
这次的翻译对比了笃师的注解后,挺多处都觉得蛮微妙的。①感觉有些地方是两种翻译都行(但在修改Day 9部分时,也有把笃师的翻译附上,想拓宽下自己的思路)。比如,get you far也有查到译作“走得更远”的例句,原句谈不上误译,但若是换做笃师的译法则表达更明确一些,而且记这个中文的话可以积累成替换词汇~“作用局限、不怎么起作用”&“很有作用”。又比如第一句中的“heightened”我直接作形容词译出,笃师把形容词转为动词,并和给前面并列的technical wizardry 补充动词;而在“encryption that is strong for everyone”的处理上。我把strong转成动词译作“加强”,而笃师则是补充“提供”一词+“强化”。②存在误译的部分已在上面直接作出修改。③还有的是意思没错但中文文法上的表达做的不够好的,印象特别深的比如笃师译的“硅谷“快速行动勇于突破”的创新理念行得通的前提在于:公司有相对自由的权利推出尚未完善的产品。”一句中加粗的词汇,更简洁准确的同时,让句子结构也顺畅了(比如“前提在于”这一处;我的原句译的是:硅谷“积极进取、勇于颠覆”式的创新也只有确保了这件事才能行之有效:公司可以相对自由地推广产品,即便它们还需要进一步地完善。)像这样的问题感觉之后如果当天课程安排不紧张的话,尽早做精读,碰到自己认为不顺畅的地方,多琢磨一下,不要被动地等笃师第二天给注释。希望在这方面有提升。
文章结构方面,笃师在碎碎念中提到的“一正一反”在做思维导图时候有点感觉到(因为经常在两部分间打个箭头连接,线上通常都是转折词however, but什么的)。之前只觉得这些转折来得频繁,在脱稿重新回顾的时候总觉得其中的点都有点太细节了思路不是特别的清晰,比如本文的解决方案感觉就给的很零散。今天笃师点出以后,再大致过一遍果真是一正一反,而且会发现那些之前只觉琐碎的main points这样的转折是有层次地递进的。比如,发现问题(现状-初步解决方案-但必须指出不可能根除)-解决方法(但不用担心,政府有相应的风险控制措施)-给出预测(人们之前都不重视-未来会发展到有法律问责的产品领域-而且就算法律没有介入,民意也会引起法庭的重视,且有先例可循)这样一来中间给出的例子就不再显得是个文章线索提炼上的障碍。
依照笃师建议回顾了前两篇文章,确实是可以看到这种“一正一反”的现象的。对这样的现象有了概念之后,以后碰到转折就不至于在脑袋里绕弯弯、各种犯迷糊了。像第一篇文章Amazon's Empire 先列举数据描述亚马逊现在的出色表现-但也不要忘记对手不会止步不前-再者亚马逊长远的目光和广泛的业务范围也确实是别人不能比的-但正是因为它这样的出色很可能做大的同时也会引起监管者的注意。第二篇文章Levelling the Paying Field则是先写人们对银行怨声载道的现象-线上支付给予便利且人们不用通过银行-但在一些地区还是线下支付为主(及其原因)-但监管机构会改变这个局面的(PSD2会上线并且改变三方的工作方式)-势必引来反对(并且银行会找各种借口)-监管机构会解决确实存在的问题并保证有效地实施-总结双方都需要对方的一些特点,线上支付将如何发展?对这样的现象有了概念之后,以后碰到转折就不至于在脑袋里绕弯弯、各种犯迷糊了。