PART·3

LEARNING 

Listening

Buying a New Car 1

Paul is a very successful businessman.

He owns several restaurants.

All of them are doing well.

询问某人/某事表现如何、进展如何

How+be动词+sb/sth+doing

e.g:

How is Lisa doing in her school?

How are you doing in your new job?

How are his restaurants doing?

In fact,they are very profitable.

profitable [ˈprɑ:fɪtəbl] 盈利的

To be profitable means that their income is more than their expenses.

to be profitable:动词不定式作主语

不定式的基本形式：to+动词原形

e.g: To build a house means that you will need a lot of money.

As a result,he is making a lot of money.

as a result 因此，结果...（意思和so一样）

as a result of sth 因此...,由于...

make a lot of money=make lots of money 赚很多钱

Paul wants to buy a new car.

He’s trying to decide which car to buy

                                            （不定式作定语）

不定式作定语：

e.g:

He has some work to do.

He has a book to read..

He has plenty of money.

plenty of 大量的（+不可数名称/可数名词的复数形式）

e.g:

I have plenty of time.

We have plenty of eggs.

As a reslut,he isn't worried about the cost.

be worried about sb/sth 未某人或某事担心、忧虑

  （形容词）

He can afford an expensive car.

afford 负担得起，买得起（动词）

afford sth 买得起某物

On the other hand,he doesn't want to waste money.

on the other hand 另一方面

waste 浪费

waste sth 浪费某物

e.g:

I really want to buy a new dress.On the other hand I think I should save the money.

He wants a car he can rely on.

rely on 依赖、信赖

I rely on you

rely on sb or sth 依靠、信任某人/某事

He relies on the Intermet for infomation.

It has to be safe and reliable,especially in cold winter weather.

especially 特别，尤其（副词，起强调作用）

especially+名词：

I like eating meat.especially beef.

He loves wine,especially red wine.

If a car breaks down in bad weather,it can be very dangerous.

break down 出故障（尤指机器或汽车出故障）

情态动词can表示可能性

You can gain weight if you drink too much soft drink.

It can be very dangerous if you put your hands out of the car window.

Summary

如何提问某人/某事的进展

如何表达“收入大于支出”

动词不定式

宾语从句

定语从句

Listening

Buying a New Car 2

Paul wants to help reduce pollution and smog.

reduce 降低，减少，缩小

He would like to buy a clean car,something good for the environment.

would like to do sth 想要做某事

be good for 对...有好处，对...有益处

environment 自然环境

He's thinking about buying a Texla.

think about doing sth 思考做某事，考虑做某事

The Texla is an all electric car.

It uses batteries instead of gasoline.

batteries 电池battery的复数形式

instead 作为替代

instead of sth 作为...替代

gasoline 汽油（不可数名词）

There is no exhaust,so it doesn't pollute the air.

exhaust [ɪg'zɔ:st]废气

pollute 污染（pollution的动词形式）

However,the car can't go very far without racharging the battery.

however 然而，但是（转折）

without 没有，缺少

1）直接跟人/物

I can't live without you.

I cant' live without your love.

2）跟一个动作（动词变为ing形式）

The car can't go very far without recharging the battery.

recharge 充电

recharge the battery 给电池充电

To charge the battery,you can plug it into electrical outlet.

plug 堵、塞、填

plug sth in 给...接通电源

electrical 点的，与电有关的

outlet 电源插座

electrical outlet 充电插座

【词汇辨析】

electric 电动的，用电的

电动仪器：electric toothbrush 电动牙刷

electrical 与点有关的（跟表示某一大类的名词）

electrical goods 电子产品

electrical energy 电能

Recharging the battery takes time.

sth takes time 某事需要很长时间

One of Paul's friends has one and is quite happy with it.

be happy with sth 对...很满意

He says it's reliable and well-engineered.

两个词合并变成一个词的词：合成词

well （很好的、令人满意的 ） +engineer （动词：设计、建造 ）

well-engineered 形容词：设计得很好的，建造得很好的

There are also several charging stations near Paul's office.

charging station 充电站

So he isn't worried about that.

The cost for charging the battery is low.

the cost for/of doing sth 做某事的费用

It's less expensive than buying gasoline.

He's wife,Kathy,also likes the idea of buying an electric car.

the idea of doing sth 关于做某事的主意、想法

She likes the idea of driving a clean car.

So it makes sense.

make sense 说得通的，合乎情理的

In the future,there may be driverless cars.

可能性：can＞may

driverless 没有司机的（形容词）

friendless 没有朋友的（形容词）

careless 不小心的，粗心的（形容词）

These may be very safe,but Paul doesn't like them.

He enjoys driving.

enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事

He likes to be in control of his car.

control 控制

be in control of sth 掌控着某事/某物，对某事/某物有控制权

e.g:

The president(总统) is in control of t he country.

The driver is in control of the car.

Vocabulary

Spatial Relations&Needs

space (n.) 空间→spatial (a.) 空间的

relation (n.) 关系

e.g:

Chinese-US relation 中美关系

international relation 国际关系

The man in the middle is the heaviest.

(a.) 重的→比较级heavier → 最高级heaviest

The man in the middle is heavier than the other two.

The woman on the left is smarter than the man on the right.

smart (a.)聪明的→比较级smarter→最高级smartest

The man isn't as smart as the woman is.

as...as 像...一样

not as...as buru

The woman is standing under a bridge.

under 在...下面

lie(v.) 躺+ing →lying

习语：water under the bridge 逝者如斯夫

The bridge is above the woman.

above 在...上方

There is a bridge over the river.

over 在...上面

词义辨析

over 和 above不能互换的情况：

两样东西有实际接触只能用over，不能用above

e.g:

I put a blanker over the sleeping child.

I pour some cream over the cake.

The river is flowing beneath the bridge.

beneath 在...下面

(most common in formal writing)

flow (液体、气体或者电流)流动

The water is flowing over a waterfall.

The waterfall is very high and beautiful.

People need passports to travel internationally.

need (n.)需要

need... to do... 需要某物做某事

Without a passport,you cannot leave your country or enter another country.

without sth 没有某样东西（可用于假设的情况）

You need to drver‘s license to driver a car.

It is against the law to drive without a driver's license.

against 反对，与...相反

against the law 违法

inffluece 影响

alcohol 酒精

Driving Under the Influence(DUI) 受影响驾驶（酒驾）

Many people use credit cards to buy things on credit.

on credit=buy now-pay later 赊账；赊欠

When you have a credit card,you don't need to carry cash.

do not need to do sth 不需要做某事

Smart phones are very useful and can do many things.

useful（a.）有用的

use sth.to do sth. 使用某物做么某事

You can use them to make phone calls,play games or go shopping on the Internet.

We need to buy tickets in order to take a train or watch a sports event.

in order to do 为了...；以便...

否定形式：in order not to do

You can often buy tickets online,and sometimes you can get a discount.

Vocabulary

Places of Business

Banks are where people can deposit or withdraw money.

deposit 存钱

withdraw 取钱

You can also use online banking to pay bills,such as your credit card bill.

常用句：Can I have the bill,please?

Hotels are where travelers can stay overnight or for several days.

stay overnight 过夜

If you plan to stay at a hotel,you should make a reservation.

plan to do sth 计划做某事

Restaurants are where people go to eat with friends or family.

There are many different kinds of restaurants,such as indian,Italian or Chinese restaurants.

Repair shop are where people go to fix things which are broken or not working right.

broken (a.) 损坏的

work (v.) 运行

sth.is not working right 非正常运行

This repair shop fixes cars and can check to see if it is safe to drive.

                                                                                                      ↓

                                                                                              宾语从句

if 是否

e.g:

I'd like to know if it's raining tomorrow. 我想知道明天是否下雨

Ask him if he can come. 问问他能不能来

If something is broken,you should take it to a repair shop.

Coffee shop are a favorite place to meet new people or take a break from the office.

take a break=have a break 休息会儿

take a break from the office=take a break from work 工作累了休息会儿

They are usually less expensive than restaurants.

描述地点：Some place is where people to sth.

e.g:

Shanghai is where I grew up. 上海是我长大的地方

This is where I used to work. 这是我以前工作的地方

Dialogue

Ordering Food from Home

I'm tired of going out to eat,Let's eat at home tonight.

be tired of doing sth 厌倦做某事

Ok,Are you going to cook?

cook (v.) 做饭，烹饪

No,It's too late,You kown I'm not a good cook,Let's order something.

cook (n.) 厨师，做饭的人

This cook cooks great food

            ↓        ↓

            n.      v.

I'm not a good... 我不大会...

What do you have in mind?

what do you have in mind? 你有什么想法吗？（用于询问细节）

I was thinking about a nice big pizza.

I was thinking about... （用于委婉地提出建议）

Again? I had pizza last night,So,Please,No pizza.

He was thinking about ordering a pizza.

Ok,No pizza.Let's order Chinese food okay?

Sweet and sour?You always like sweet and sour.I feel like eating something hot and spicy.

feel like doing sth 想要做某事

形容词后置

不定代词：something,anything,everything,nothing,somebody,anybody,everybody,nobody...

不定副词：somewhere,anywhere,nowhere...

Ok,You order something hot and spicy and I order sweet and sour.I don't want anything spicy.My stomach doesn't feel good.It’s a bit upset.

形容词修饰不定代词/不定副词时，需位于不定代词/不定副词之后，做后置定语。

e.g:

Tell me something interesting.

I met someone famous at the party.

There is nothing diffcult in the world.

upset（肠胃）不舒服的、upset stomach

Ok,If you want sweet and sour then I'll have that too,And I’ll make us a salad with lots of tomatoes. How long will it take for the food to get here?

I don't kown. I'll call and find out.

find out 找出，弄清楚，发现

Thanks,Hopefully it won't take longer than an hour.I'm getting hungry.

hopefully 但愿

Dialogue

Are Selfies Good or Bad?

Hey,What did you do last night?

I took a long walk from my hotel

take a walk 散步

take a walk from somewhere 从某个地方散了个步

You didn’t get lost?

get lost 迷路；迷失方向

No, I didn’t.

Where did you go? Anywhere interesting?

                                            ↓                ↓

                                    不定副词      形容词（后置）

I walk to the river.There was thousands of people there.

thousand 千

three thousand 三千

thousands of 成千上万的

You went to the river?How long did it take you to walk there?

It took around Twenty minutes.

Did you see anything interesting?

                            ↓              ↓

                    不定副词      形容词（后置）

I was really surprised by how many people were there.

be surprised by sth 被...惊吓到

Many of them were taking pictures and selfies.Lots of selfies.

take a picture/take a photo 拍照

常用句：Excuse me,could you take a photo of us?

Do you take selfies?

take a selfie 拍张自拍

Sure, don't you?

Sometimes, but my girlfriend takes a lot of selfies. Then she shares them with her friends online.

share sth with sb 和某人分享某样东西

I don’t understand why people like to take so many pictures of themselves.

                    ↓            ↓

              谓语动词    why引导的宾语从句

That's because you are old-fashioned.

old-fashioned 过时的；思想传统的，老派的

Hmm, I guess you are right. There's too much social media for me. When I go to a restaurant, I see many people looking at their smart phones. They don’t even look at the people they are with.

social media 社交网络

see sb doing sth 看见某人做某事

Times are changing, my friend, whether you like it or not.

whether...or not 无论...是否

She took a long walk from the hotel.