Unit 30 What have you done?

第三十课 你做了什么？

本课重点： 表示已经完成某事和打算要做某事

A. Texts & Notes

1. I've typed 25 letters today.

弗朗西斯的秘书珍妮去别处工作了，他只好自己打字……
Boss: What have you done today, Fransic?
Francis: I've typed a lot fo letters.
Boss: I want the letter to Johnson.
Francis: I've just typed it. Here you are.
Boss: And the letter to Mr Bailey.
Francis: I haven't typed that one yet.
Boss: Has Mr Davis telephoned？
Francis: No, not yet.
Boss: Francis. You need a new secretary.
Francis: Yes, I do. Mm, I haven't got a secretary. Jane's gone. She's got a new job. And I'm very busy! I've typed 25 letters today. … Hello. Francis Matthews speaking. A party! Yes, yes. I'll come tonight. … Excuse me. I'm very busy now. Googbye. I need a new secretary today.

老板：弗朗西斯，你今天干了什么？
弗朗西斯：我打了很多封信。
老板：我要给约翰先生的信。
弗朗西斯：我刚打完，给你。
老板：还有那封给贝莱先生的信。
弗朗西斯：那封我还没有打呢。
老板：戴维斯先生来电话了吗？
弗朗西斯：没有，还没有。
老板：弗朗西斯，你需要一个新秘书。
弗朗西斯：是的，我需要。我没有秘书啦。珍妮走了。她找到了一个新的工作。我很忙，今天我打了二十五封信。……喂，我是弗朗西斯. 麦休斯。晚会！可以，可以。我今天晚上去。……对不起，我现在很忙。再见。今天我需要一个新的秘书。

注1. 现在完成时，在以前课中已经出现过。如：
I"ve got a new job.
Where have you been?
She's gone to the cinima.
现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，已经完成，但与现在的情况有关，即：用过去的动作来说明现在的情况。它的基本用法如下：
(1) 表示到现在为止已做完的事或刚做完的事，汉语常用“了”来表示。如：
I've broken some glasses.（我打碎了几个玻璃杯。）
I've just cleaned another one.（我刚刚弄干净了另一只。）
I've brought this for you.（我为你带来了这个。）
(2) 表示有这种“经历”、“经验”，汉语常用“过”来表示。如：
I've had holiday in German.（ 我在德车度了个假。）
I've never been to Portugal.（我从未去过葡萄牙。）
We've had a good time.（我们有过一段愉快的时刻。）
(3) 表示过去开始延续到至今并还可能延续下去的动作，常与 since 或 for 引导的时间状语连用。如：
She's lived in Beijing since last September.（自从去年九月她就在北京信了。）
I've studied English for two yeaes. （我学习英语有两年了。）
注2. 现在完成时由助动词 have ( has ) 加动词的过去分词构成。例：
肯定：I've telephoned Mr Jackson again.（我又给杰克逊先生打了电话。）
否定：I haven't telephoned him yet.（我还没有给他打电话。）
疑问：Have you done those letters yet, Mary?（马丽，那些信你弄好了吗？）
注3. 现在完成时句子中常有下列副词：
(1) just 意思是刚刚，用于肯定句。
Would you like some cake? I've just made it.（你吃蛋糕吗？我刚刚做的。）
(2) already 意思是已经，用于肯定句，强调已经完成。
I've already been to Spain.（我已经去过西班牙了。）
(3) yet 意思是已经，用于疑问句，强调已经完成。
Have you cleaned the glasses yet?（你已经洗完玻璃杯了吗？）
(4) not … yet 意思是还没有呢，用于否定句。
Francis hasn't got a new secretary yet. （弗朗西斯还没有新秘书呢。）
注4. 规则动词的过去分词由原形加 -ed 构成，不规则动词的过去分词需要记忆。已学过常用不规则动词有：

2. She's been a secretary for one year.

温特小姐想来当秘书，弗朗西斯正在和她谈话……
Francis: So, you …
Miss Winter: Yes. I'd like to be your secretary.
Francis: What work have you done?
Miss Winter: Well, I was a nurse for six years. And then I worked in a bank. But that was a few years ago. And now I'm a secretary.
Francis: How long have you been a secretary?
Miss Winter: I've been a secretary for one year. Since last August.
Francis: So you're been a secretary for one year. In London?
Miss Winter: No. I worked in Manchester for three months. I came to London nine months ago.
Francis: So you've worked in London since last November.
Miss Winter: Yes, that's right. Mr Matthews.

弗朗西斯：那么，你……
温特小姐：是，我愿意当你的秘书。
弗朗西斯：你做过什么工作？
温特小姐：我当过六年护士，后来在一家银行工作。不过那是几年前的事了。现在我是个秘书。
弗朗西斯：你当秘书有多长时间了？
温特小姐：我当秘书有一年了。从去年八月起。
弗朗西斯：那么你当秘书有一年了。在伦敦吗？
温特小姐：不，我在曼彻斯特工作了三个月。九个月前我来到了伦敦。
弗朗西斯：那么你是从去年十一月起就在伦敦工作了。
温特小姐：是的，对了。麦休斯先生。

注5. 现在完成时的句子中，表示动作发生的时间不可用一个明确的过去时间，而可用包括现在在内的一段时间——如：now，today，this morning，this tear，……。例：
Mary has telephoned Mr Jackson today.（玛丽今天经杰克逊先生批了电话。）
We have learned 30 units of Follow Me this year.（我们今年学了三十课《跟我学》了。）
注6. 现在完成时还要以用 for（包括现在在内的一段时间）以及 since （自过去某时到今）引导的时间状语。例：
You've been a secretary for one year.
Yuo've worked in London since last November.
注7. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别在于现在完成时强调过去的动作与现在有关，如表示其影响、结果等，而一般过去时只说明动作发生在过去一个具体时间，不表示与现在的情况有关系。如：I was a nurse for six years. 过去当过六年护士，以现在无关，现在不当了。如：I have been a secretary for one year, since last August. 自从去年八月至今，做了一年秘书工作了。这放表示 现在还是个秘书，还想干下去。
注8. ago 以前，用来表示 时间。如：a year ago，a week ago，three years ago，a few minutes ago，a moment ago，……。有这类时间状语的句子，均用一般过去时。
I got here an hour ago.（我一小时前到这里的。）
I lived in Shanghai ten years ago.（十年前我住在上海。）
注9. 注意 have (has) been 的不同意思：
Where have you been?（你刚才到哪里去了？）
How have you been?（你进来身体如何？）
Have you been to Spain?（你到过西班牙吗？）

3. What are you going to do?

在一次聚会上……
Bill: Do you like your new job. Jane?
Jane: No, I don't.
Bill: What are you going to do?
Jane:I'm gong to work for Francis again. Next week. Is he here?
Francis: Yes, I'm here.
Bill: Jane says She's going to work for you again.
Francis: That's right. And I'm going to open another bottle of wine. Cheers.
Jane: Cheers.
Bill: Cheers.

比尔：珍妮，你喜欢你的新工作吗？
珍妮：不，我不喜欢。
比尔：你打算做什么呢？
珍妮：我打算再跟弗朗西斯工作，下星期。他在这里吗？
弗朗西斯：是的，我在这儿。
比尔：珍妮说她打算再跟你工作。
弗朗西斯：寻就对啦。我要开一瓶酒。干杯！
珍妮：干杯！
比尔：干杯！

注10. 在第十课学过以现在进行时表示计划将要做的事，如：
I'm going to the cinema this evening.
I'm staying at home tonight.
这里我们进一步学一个句型：to be going to do something. 表示打算做某些事。例：
I'm going to phone hime again in a few minutes. （几分钟后我打算再给他打电话。）
Are you still going to wear it? （你打算穿它吗？）
When is the music going to stop?（这音乐什么时候结束？）
It's going to rain.（要下雨了。）
下列两句的微弱差别：
What are you doing this evening?
What are you going to do this evening?
前者采用现在进行时，表示 短期计划；后者用 to be going to … 表示计划，有时是较长期计划，并表示更肯定的意向。
注11. cheer 原意是振奋，高兴。cheers. 用在朋友举杯祝贺时，表示高兴与祝贺，似中国习惯——干杯！

B. Exercise

1. 电视节目和录音中的两段对话，听后请回答：
   (1) Has Mary typed those letters yet?
   (2) What's she doing?
   (3) When did she telephone Mr Jackson?
   (4) Has she spoken to him?
   (5) Is Mary going to phone him again?Mary
   (6) Has Mary found Mr Jackson?
   (7) What is Mr Davis going to do?
   Davis: Have you done those letters yet, Mary?
   Mary: Not yet, Mr Davis. I'm still typing them.
   Davis: And have you telephoned Mr Jackson?
   Mary: Yes, I'm phoned him a moment ago. He wasn't in his officce. I'm going to phone him again in a few minuter.
   === ===
   Mary: Here are you letters, Mr Davis.
   Davis: Thanks, Mary.
   Mary: I've telephoned Mr Jackson again. But he's still not in his office.
   Davis: It dosen't matter. I'll phone him later.
2. 填空：
   (1) 用 just，yet 或 not … yet 填空：
   a. Have you done that work ?
   b. Shs has made some coffee.
   c. I have been to the shops .
   d. Have you read that letter .
   e. I have cleaned my room .
   f. I've cooked the meal.
   (2) 用 since 或 for 填空：
   a. I've lived here 10 years.
   b. She has worked here last August.
   c. I've been London January.
   d. He has worked in the bank a year.
   e. They have lived here 1969.
   f. I've worked in post office 20 years.
3. 看图提问：
   
   图1. He's still cleanimg. Have he cleaned?
   图2. She's just typed it. Have she typed it?
   图3. They haven't gone yet. Have they gone?
   图4. I've already made it. Have you made it?
   图5. We'er still eating. Have you eaten?
   图6. I've just bought it. Have you bought wine?
   4。 翻译练习：
   小李，我到北京才三天，但我已经做了很多事了，我到王府井（Wangfujing）的商店去过，我参观（visit）了许多公园。当然，我也去了长城。今天我呆在旅馆里，我在写信。明天我打算去颐和园。
   小王。
   Dear Xiao Li.
   I've been in Baijing for jsut three days. But I've done a lot. I've been to shops In Wangfujing. I've visited many parks. Of course. I've been to the Great Wall. Today, I'm staying in the holiday to write a few letters. I'm going to the Summer Palace tomorrow.
   Yours
   Xiao Wang
4. 阅读下文后回答问题：
   About Myself
   My name's Judy Brown. My adress is 1. Waring Road. Hew Malden, Surrey. I'm 19 years old and I was born on May 18th,1960. I'm a student. I'm at Kingston Technical College and I'm learning German, French and Spanish. I started in October 1979.
   I speak a little German, but I want to learn more. I was in Germany, in Munich, in 1976, from July to September. I stayed with friends there.
   I like children very much. In the holidays I will work with children in New Malden. I will start in June and will finish in September. I started working with children in 1977.
   I like films very much and I like classical music. I play the violin quite well. I started when I was 9.
   (1) When did Judy start going to Kingston Technical College?
   She started going in 1979.
   (2) Dose Judy speak German?
   Yes. She speaks a little.
   (3) Has she been to Germany?
   Yes.
   (4) When was she there?
   Yes. She was there in 1976.
   (5) How long did she stay in Germany?
   *She stayed there from July to September.
   (6) Since when has Judy been working with children?
   She has been working with children since 1977.
   (7) When did Judy start played the voilin?
   She started playing when she was 9.
5. 根据下列答话，说出有关的问题：
   (1) Oh, yes. I'm going to work in this office.
   Are you going to work in this office?
   (2) Yes. He's going to make a TV film.
   Is he going to make a TV film?
   (3) Yes, he's made a lot of TV films.
   Has he made a lot of TV films?*
   (4) No, I have never played tennis.
   Have you played tennis before?
   (5) No, I'm not going to play tennis this afternoon.
   Are you going to play tennis this afternoon?

C. Summary

1. 说法与用法

(1) 表示某事是否已经完成：
What have you done today？
I've typed twenty-five letters.
Have you typed that letter yet?
Yes, I've just typed it.
Yes, I've already typed it.
No, I haven't typed it yet.
(2) 表示某事做了多久：
How long have you been here?
I've been here for six months.
I've been here since November.
(3) 表示未来的打算：
What are you going to do?
I'm going to work for Francis again.

2. 语法

(1) 现在完成时的构成：Have (has) + 过去分词
(2) 现在完成时用过去发生的动作来说明现在的情况。
(3) 现在完成时的时间状语可用包括现在在内的一段时间，如：now，today, this month，this year 等，以及 for （一段时间） 和 since （过去某个时间）。

Have you cleaned the glasses yet?
I've cleaned a lot.
I'm still cleaning them.
I've just cleaned another one.

D. Words & Expressions

附：Follow me （欧洲版教材）

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