k8s-Jenkins（实现NFS动态存储）

1、在K8s中 部署Jenkins优点和缺点问题，简单介绍下：

1.传统Jenkins集群架构一些问题

  • Master发生故障时，整个流程都不可用
  • Slave集群的环境配置不一样，来完成不同语言的编译打包，但是这些差异化的配置导致管理起来不方便，维护麻烦
  • 资源分配不均衡，有的slave要运行的job出现排队等待，而有的salve处于空闲状态
  • 资源浪费，每台slave可能是物理机或者虚拟机，当slave处于空闲状态时，也不能完全释放掉资源

2.K8s中Jenkins集群架构优点

  • 当Jenkins Master接受到Build请求后，会根据配置的Label动态创建一个运行在Pod中的Jenkins Slave并注册到Master上，当运行完Job后，这个Slave会被注销并且这个Pod也会自动删除，恢复到最初的状态(这个策略可以设置)
  • 服务高可用，当Jenkins Master出现故障时，Kubernetes会自动创建一个新的Jenkins Master容器，并且将Volume分配给新创建的容器，保证数据不丢失，从而达到集群服务高可用的作用
  • 动态伸缩，合理使用资源，每次运行Job时，会自动创建一个Jenkins Slave，Job完成后，Slave自动注销并删除容器，资源自动释放，并且Kubernetes会根据每个资源的使用情况，动态分配slave到空闲的节点上创建，降低出现因某节点资源利用率高，降低出现因某节点利用率高出现排队的情况
  • 扩展性好，当Kubernetes集群的资源严重不足导致Job排队等待时，可以很容器的添加一个Kubernetes Node到集群，从而实现扩展

2、集群环境

image.png

3、使用Deployment和StatefulSet，两个控制器方式部署Jenkins

Jenkins-Deployment 控制器方式

1)k8s-node1部署NFS服务端配置

# 所有服务端节点安装nfs 
yum install -y nfs-utils
systemctl enable nfs-server rpcbind --now

# 创建nfs共享目录，授权
mkdir -p /data/k8s
chown -R 777 /data/k8s

# 写入/etc/exports文件
cat > /etc/exports << EOF
echo "/data/k8s 192.168.56.0/24(rw,no_root_squash,sync)" >/etc/exports
EOF

# 重启
systemctl reload nfs-server

# 使用如下命令验证：
showmout -e 192.168.56.11
....

创建Jenkins集群所需的YAML文件

1)创建命名空间和存放Jenkins的YAML目录

kubectl create namespace devops
mkdir -p /opt/jenkins

2)为Jenkins数据持久化存储创建一个PV

cat >/opt/jenkins/jenkins_pv.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: opspv
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 10Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Delete
  nfs:
    server: 192.168.56.11
    path: /data/k8s

---
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: opspvc
  namespace: devops
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 10Gi
EOF

3)创建Jenkins集群权限serviceAccount文件

cat >/opt/jenkins/jenkins_rbac.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: jenkins
  namespace: devops

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: jenkins
rules:
  - apiGroups: ["extensions", "apps"]
    resources: ["deployments"]
    verbs: ["create", "delete", "get", "list", "watch", "patch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    verbs: ["create", "delete", "get", "list", "watch", "patch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods"]
    verbs: ["create","delete","get","list","patch","update","watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods/exec"]
    verbs: ["create","delete","get","list","patch","update","watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods/log"]
    verbs: ["get","list","watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: jenkins
  namespace: devops
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: jenkins
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: jenkins
    namespace: devops
EOF

4)创建Jenkins Deployment

cat jenkins_deployment.yaml 
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: jenkins
  namespace: devops
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: jenkins
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
      serviceAccount: jenkins
      containers:
      - name: jenkins
        image: jenkins/jenkins:latest
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080                #外部访问端口
          name: web
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 50000              #jenkins save发现端口
          name: agent
          protocol: TCP
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: 1000m
            memory: 1Gi
          requests:
            cpu: 500m
            memory: 512Mi
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /login
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 60          #容器初始化完成后，等待60秒进行探针检查
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          failureThreshold: 12          #当Pod成功启动且检查失败时，Kubernetes将在放弃之前尝试failureThreshold次。放弃生存检查意味着重新启动Pod。而放弃就绪检查，Pod将被标记为未就绪。默认为3.最小值为1
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /login
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          failureThreshold: 12
        volumeMounts:                       #需要将jenkins_home目录挂载出来
        - name: jenkinshome
          subPath: jenkins
          mountPath: /var/jenkins_home
        env:
        - name: LIMITS_MEMORY
          valueFrom:
            resourceFieldRef:
              resource: limits.memory
              divisor: 1Mi
        - name: JAVA_OPTS
          value: -Xmx$(LIMITS_MEMORY)m -XshowSettings:vm -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.initialDelay=0 -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.MARGIN=50 -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.MARGIN0=0.85 -Duser.timezone=Asia/Shanghai
      securityContext:
        fsGroup: 1000
      volumes:
      - name: jenkinshome
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: opspvc

5)创建Jenkins SVC

cat >/opt/jenkins/jenkins_svc.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: jenkins
  namespace: demon
  labels:
    app: jenkins
spec:
  selector:
    app: jenkins
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - name: web
    port: 8080
    targetPort: web
    nodePort: 30002
  - name: agent
    port: 50000
    targetPort: agent
EOF

6)依次创建

[root@k8s-node1 jenkins]# ls
jenkins_deployment.yaml jenkins_pv.yaml jenkins_rbac.yaml jenkins_svc.yaml

[root@k8s-node1 jenkins]# kubectl apply -f ./

7)查看结果

[root@k8s-node1 jenkins]# kubectl get pv,pvc,pod,svc -n devops
NAME                     CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS    CLAIM          STORAGECLASS   REASON    AGE
persistentvolume/opspv   10Gi       RWX            Delete           Bound     devops/opspvc                            1h

NAME                           STATUS    VOLUME    CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE
persistentvolumeclaim/opspvc   Bound     opspv     10Gi       RWX                           1h

NAME                           READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/jenkins-6d7bc49b74-d9jxc   1/1       Running   0          1h

NAME              TYPE       CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                          AGE
service/jenkins   NodePort   10.1.148.201   <none>        8080:30002/TCP,50000:26723/TCP   1h

8080：端口为我们jenkins访问端口
50000：端口为jenkins save发现端口

Jenkins-StatefulSet 控制器方式

1.创建两个目录

mkdir -pv /data/nfs-client/ /data/jenkins

2.nfs服务端

# 所有服务端节点安装nfs 
yum install -y nfs-utils
systemctl enable nfs-server rpcbind --now

# 创建nfs共享目录，授权
mkdir -p /data/k8s && chown -R 777 /data/k8s

# 写入/etc/exports文件
cat > /etc/exports << EOF
echo "/data/k8s 192.168.56.0/24(rw,no_root_squash,sync)" >/etc/exports
EOF

# 重启
systemctl reload nfs-server

# 使用如下命令验证：
showmout -e 192.168.56.11
....

部署nfs-client所有认证（rbac、class、）

1.创建rbac.yaml文件

cat > rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner
  # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  namespace: default
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["storageclasses"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["events"]
    verbs: ["create", "update", "patch"]
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: run-nfs-client-provisioner
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nfs-client-provisioner
    # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
    namespace: default
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
  # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  namespace: default
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["endpoints"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]
---
kind: RoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
  # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  namespace: default
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nfs-client-provisioner
    # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
    namespace: default
roleRef:
  kind: Role
  name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
EOF

4.创建class.yaml文件

cat > class.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: managed-nfs-storage
provisioner: fuseim.pri/ifs # or choose another name, must match deployment's env PROVISIONER_NAME'
parameters:
  archiveOnDelete: "false"
EOF

5.创建deployment.yaml

cat > deployment.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner
  labels:
    app: nfs-client-provisioner
  # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  namespace: default
spec:
  replicas: 1
  strategy:
    type: Recreate
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nfs-client-provisioner
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nfs-client-provisioner
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: nfs-client-provisioner
      containers:
        - name: nfs-client-provisioner
          image: quay.io/external_storage/nfs-client-provisioner:latest
          volumeMounts:
            - name: nfs-client-root
              mountPath: /persistentvolumes
          env:
            - name: PROVISIONER_NAME
              value: fuseim.pri/ifs
            - name: NFS_SERVER
              value: 192.168.1.201  # 修改为自己NFS服务IP
            - name: NFS_PATH
              value: /data/k8s    # 修改为共享目录
      volumes:
        - name: nfs-client-root
          nfs:
            server: 192.168.1.201  # 修改为自己NFS服务IP
            path: /data/k8s   # 修改为共享目录
EOF

创建Jenkins yaml文件

1)创建jenkins_rbac.yaml

cat > jenkins_rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: jenkins
  namespace: devops
rules:
  - apiGroups: ["extensions", "apps"]
    resources: ["deployments"]
    verbs: ["create", "delete", "get", "list", "watch", "patch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    verbs: ["create", "delete", "get", "list", "watch", "patch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods"]
    verbs: ["create","delete","get","list","patch","update","watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods/exec"]
    verbs: ["create","delete","get","list","patch","update","watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods/log"]
    verbs: ["get","list","watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: jenkins
  namespace: devops
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: jenkins
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: jenkins
    namespace: devops

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: jenkinsClusterRole
  namespace: devops
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods"]
    verbs: ["create", "delete", "get", "list", "watch", "patch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods/exec"]
    verbs: ["create", "delete", "get", "list", "watch", "patch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods/log"]
    verbs: ["create","delete","get","list","patch","update","watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: jenkinsClusterRoleBinding
  namespace: devops
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: jenkinsClusterRole
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: jenkins
    namespace: devops
EOF

2)创建jenkins_serviceaccount.yaml

cat > jenkins_serviceaccount.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: jenkins
  namespace: devops
EOF

3)创建jenkins_StatefulSet.yaml

cat > jenkins_StatefulSet.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: jenkins
  namespace: devops01
  labels:
    name: jenkins 
spec:
  serviceName: jenkins
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: jenkins
  replicas: 1
  updateStrategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      name: jenkins
      labels:
        app: jenkins
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
      serviceAccountName: jenkins
      containers:
      - name: jenkins
        image: jenkins/jenkins:latest
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080                #外部访问端口
          name: web
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 50000              #jenkins save发现端口
          name: agent
          protocol: TCP
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: 1000m
            memory: 1Gi
          requests:
            cpu: 500m
            memory: 512Mi
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /login
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 60          #容器初始化完成后，等待60秒进行探针检查
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          failureThreshold: 12    #当Pod成功启动且检查失败时，Kubernetes将在放弃之前尝试failureThreshold次。放弃生存检查意味着重新启动Pod。而放弃就绪检查，Pod将被标记为未就绪。默认为3.最小值为1
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /login
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          failureThreshold: 12
        volumeMounts:                       #需要将jenkins_home目录挂载出来
        - name: jenkins-home
          subPath: jenkins
          mountPath: /var/jenkins_home
        env:
        - name: LIMITS_MEMORY
          valueFrom:
            resourceFieldRef:
              resource: limits.memory
              divisor: 1Mi
        - name: JAVA_OPTS
          value: -Xmx$(LIMITS_MEMORY)m -XshowSettings:vm -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.initialDelay=0 -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.MARGIN=50 -Dhudson.slaves.NodeProvisioner.MARGIN0=0.85 -Duser.timezone=Asia/Shanghai
      securityContext:
        fsGroup: 1000
  volumeClaimTemplates: 
  - metadata:
      name: jenkins-home
    spec: 
      storageClassName: "managed-nfs-storage"
      accessModes:
        - ReadWriteOnce
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 5Gi
EOF

4)创建jenkins_Service.yaml

cat > jenkins_Service.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: jenkins
  namespace: devops01
  labels:
    app: jenkins
spec:
  selector:
    app: jenkins
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - name: web
    port: 8080
    targetPort: web
    nodePort: 8081
  - name: agent
    port: 50000
    targetPort: agent
EOF

5)依次创建

[root@k8s-node1 jenkins]# ls
jenkins_rbac.yaml jenkins_Service.yaml jenkins_StatefulSet.yaml jenkins_rbac.yaml

[root@k8s-node1 jenkins]# kubectl apply -f ./

7)查看结果
.....

Jenkins部署OK后，可以通过浏览器访问集群任意IP的svc端口

管理员密码路径：持久化在/data/k8s下，所以jenkins的所有配置都在这下面

cat /data/k8s/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword

1)直接推荐安装即可

image.png

2)安装完成后我们进入jenkins主页面

image.png

3)Jenkins–>插件–>安装插件Kubernetes

image.png

Jenkins中配置k8s

1)系统管理->系统配置

image.png

2)配置拉到最下面找到Kubernetes插件

Name            # 配置的名称
Kubernetes URL   # 这里的URL是K8s内部的URL，实际上就是`svcname` = `https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local`
Kubernetes Namespace k8s的命名空间 # 实际上就是Jenkins所在的命名空间
image.png

3)Jenkins URL配置

Jenkins URL  # 这里的URL是jenkins的svc名称加上命名空间，实际上就是在k8s集群内部访问jenkins的一个方法，这里也不需要修改
http://jenkins.demon.svc.cluster.local:8080
image.png

4)配置添 Jenkins Slave Pod模板

Name = Pod 名称 Namespave = Pod命名空间 Labels = Pod标签

5)容器的模板配置

image.png

6)创建volume的配置

Jenkins Master收到Build请求时，会根据配置的Label动态创建一个运行在Pod中的Jenkins Slave并注册到Master上，当Job运行完，这个Slave会被注销并且这个Pod也会自动删除，恢复到最初状态


image.png

7)测试验证

新建Job选择流水线

image.png

流水线Pipeline

def label = "jenkins-slave"
podTemplate(label: label, cloud: 'kubernetes')
{
node(label) {
        stage('pull code') {
            echo "拉取代码"
        }
        stage('build') {
            echo "代码编译"
        }
        stage('SonarQube') {
            echo "质量扫描"
        }
    }
}

执行效果

image.png
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