什么是TinkerPop ?
Apache TinkerPop is a graph computing framework for both graph databases (OLTP) and graph analytic systems (OLAP).
下面开始快速体验一下TinkerPop是如何进行图查询的。
基本概念
在TinkerPop的定义中,一个图就是许多点和边的集合,一个点代表了某个领域对象,而边表示了连接的两个点之间的关系。
A graph is a collection of vertices (i.e., nodes, dots) and edges (i.e., relationships, lines), where a vertex is an entity which represents some domain object (e.g., a person or a place) and an edge represents the relationship between two vertices.
点和边都是由很多attributes构成的。而其中两个属性“label”和“id”算是系统预留的。
The "label" and the "id" are reserved attributes of vertices and edges
样例图
下面是TinkerPop内部自带的一个图
- 每个顶点和边都具有唯一标识的id,例如顶点1,边9
- 每个顶点和边都有label,顶点有两类label,person和software;而边也有两类label,created和knows
- 边是有方向的,例如边9,方向是从顶点1出发进入到顶点3
- 每个边还有一个属性weight
- person类型的顶点还有name和age两个属性;software类型的顶点有name和lang两个属性
简单的遍历
基于上面的图实现What software has Marko created?
首先需要在pom文件中引入相关依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tinkerpop</groupId>
<artifactId>gremlin-core</artifactId>
<version>3.4.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tinkerpop</groupId>
<artifactId>tinkergraph-gremlin</artifactId>
<version>3.4.4</version>
</dependency>
具体实现
public class StayingSimple {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TinkerGraph tg = TinkerFactory.createModern(); //1
GraphTraversalSource g = tg.traversal(); //2
//What software has Marko created?
GraphTraversal graphTraversal = g.V() //3
.has("person","name","marko") //4
.out("created") //5
.values("name"); //6
while (graphTraversal.hasNext()){ //7
Object object = graphTraversal.next();
System.out.println(object);
}
}
}
- 创建一个内置的图
- 获取一个图遍历器用来执行各种遍历查询
- 获取图的所有顶点
- 找到label是person,且name为marko的顶点
- 找到所有从marko顶点出去的边连接的顶点,且边的label为created
- 返回所有符合条件的顶点的name属性值
- 遍历所有结果并输出,输出结果为lop,即回答了上面的问题Marko created software lop,这个结果与上图显示的一致。
进一步查找
现在进一步分析Who are the people that marko develops software with?
具体实现
public class StayingSimplePlus {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TinkerGraph tg = TinkerFactory.createModern();
GraphTraversalSource g = tg.traversal();
//Who are the people that marko develops software with?
GraphTraversal graphTraversal = g.V()
.has("person", "name", "marko")
.as("exclude")
.out("created") //1
.in("created") //2
.where(P.neq("exclude")) //3
.values("name");
while (graphTraversal.hasNext()) { //4
Object object = graphTraversal.next();
System.out.println(object);
}
}
}
和上面的例子一样可以找到marko开发软件的顶点
-
找到所有进入这个顶点的边连接的顶点,且边的label为created
过滤掉marko这个顶点
输出结果为josh和peter,至此找到了和marko一起开发lop这个软件的人是josh和peter。
总结
通过上面两个例子快速体验了在TinkerPop中是如何进行图查找的。
注:本文基于TinkerPop 3.4.4