我是准备如何通过精读外刊来提高英语水平的？

长期以来，很多同学对于英文写作的理解就是”背黄金句型”，如：

“

“it's important/vital/essential to do sth”

“The more …the more”

“Only by ... can we…”

”

这确实是一个能够应付高中和四六级考试，并能在主旨表达清晰的前提下，获得及格的办法。但一旦进阶到高级考试，如考研，雅思托福，BEC和GMAT等，知其然却不知其所以然地使用千篇一律的句型既不能满足你的表达需求，也无法让你在众多佼佼者中脱颖而出。

在大学期间，我有幸关注到魏剑峰大神的公众号（现改名“英文悦读”），才了解到阅读外刊提升英语综合能力的门道，而说到这个"外刊"，经济学人（The Economist)是不二之选。

期间，我也和一位爱好英文写作的朋友开展了有计划的英文话题写作互改活动，这也算是践行输入和输出的学习理论。这位朋友还将我的文章给他的英文教授评价，得到了积极的反馈，让我信心大增。

配合精读和泛读的方法，坚持了半年后，第一次体会到高中三年寒窗苦读都没有体会到的真谛——“只要努力就会有收获”和“量变才能引起质变”。

阅读量和词汇量的增加带来的直接结果就是6级考试时的神清气爽，以及“意料之外，情理之中”的六级结果—625分。不算很高，但也足以让我沾沾自喜到毕业。

但随着重心的转移，我的英语高峰早已成了我早晚上下班的“高峰”，自己和朋友坚持的英语写作互改活动也成了“想当年”的开头。

真正让我觉得自己不在高峰而是在谷底是备战GMAT——考试届三大最难考试之一。

本以为自己英语底子够好，不会败的那么一塌糊地，可首战600都没破。而且平时的模拟练习就让我痛不欲生，长难句无处不在，问题刁钻豪无头绪，让你从头懵到尾，然后再从头懵到尾，直到奔溃打自己。

且看最近让我脑汁绞尽到奔溃哭的阅读材料：

In Winters v. United States (1908), the Supreme Court held that the right to use waters flowing through or adjacent to the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation was reserved to American Indians by the treaty establishing the reservation.

Although this treaty did not mention water rights, the Court ruled that the federal government, when it created the reservation, intended to deal fairly with American Indians by reserving for them the waters without which their lands would have been useless.

Later decisions, citing Winters, established that courts can find federal rights to reserve water for particular purposes if (1)the land in question lies within an enclave under exclusive federal jurisdiction; (2) the land has been formally withdrawn from federal public lands-i.e., withdrawn from the stock of federal lands available for private use under federal land use laws-and set aside or reserved; and (3) the circumstances reveal the government intended to reserve water as well as land when establishing the reservation. —节选自OG官方题目

内心千万只草泥马走过，但也不忘曾经验证过可以成功的套路。

所以希望自己坚持阅读外刊，尽量品味其中的句型、用词和结构，总结套路，构建一套属于自己的语料库；解析阅读中的长难句，查漏补缺语法点，形成一套属于自己的长难句阅读“拳法”；拆解GMAT中有意思的逻辑题，锻炼自己的逻辑思维，在与敌方唇枪舌战时，能够不费吹灰之力用强有力的逻辑击倒对方。

记录是为了分享，分享是为了更好地成长。希望我写下笔记的同时，既能帮助我强化理解，深化记忆，也能帮助大家共同进步。

今天我们就来拆解一下上面那个是啥何方神怪

01-S1

In Winters v. United States (1908), the Supreme Court held that (the right to use watersflowing through or adjacent to the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation was reserved to American Indians by the treaty establishing the reservation. )

在winters v United States法案中，根据保留地初创条约的规定，最高法院判定，FB 保留区的印第安人有保留区内和附近地区的水域的用水权利。

句子结构拆解：

主句：In Winters v. United States (1908), the Supreme Court held that (clause)

that从句：the right to use waters (flowing through or adjacent to the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation) was reserved to American Indians by the treaty(establishing the reservation)

修饰语：

* flowing through or adjacent to the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation 做后置定语，修饰waters;

* establishing the reservation做后置定语，修饰the treaty

重点单词

Reservation：保留地;居留地 A *reservation* is an area of land that is kept separate for a particular group of people to live in.

*印第安保留地 (Indian Rsearvation)*：印第安保留地是由北美印第安人部落管理的地区，理论上属于美利坚合众国的*一级行政区划*。美国目前有约310个保留地，意味着全国550余个公认的印第安部落并不是都有保留地。美国大部分的保留根据早年和印第安人的购地协议或者从*公共领地*中分割而成。保护地内部法律和美国其他地方不同，拥有有限的自治权。大部分保留地由*联邦政府*指派并直接管理，少数位于东部州的保留地则属于各州管理。

adjacent to

02-S2

Although this treaty did not mention water rights, the Court ruled that the federal government, when it created the reservation, intended to deal fairly with American Indians by reserving for them the waters without which their lands would have been useless.

虽然这一初创条约没有提及水权问题，但是最高法院认为：如果没有水权，印第安人的土地也无法发挥很大作用，所以当年联合政府建立保留地的时候，是打算赋予他们用水权的。

难点句子结构拆解

主句：Although引导让步，the court ruled that…

that从句：The federal government*, (when it created the reservation), intended to deal fairly with American Indians by reserving for them the waters (without which their lands would have been useless)

插入语作状语：when it created the reservation

定于从句修饰water：without which their lands would have been useless 也因为这个定语从句的存在，reserve the waters for them在句中调换了位置，变成了reserve for them the waters. 这种句子在长难句中经常出现，要及时认出

03-S3

Later decisions, citing Winters, established that (courts can find federal rights to reserve water for particular purposes

(if(1)the land in question lies within an enclave under exclusive federal jurisdiction; (2) the land has been formally withdrawn from federal public lands-i.e., withdrawn from the stock of federal lands available for private use under federal land use laws-and set aside or reserved; and (3) the circumstances reveal the government intended to reserve water as well as land when establishing the reservation. ))

在winters案例的基础上，后来类似案例的裁决也为用水问题制定了标准。以下几种情况时，法院能援引联邦权力，为某些特殊目的保留该地区水权：（1）待裁决的地区位于联邦独家管辖区域的飞地内（2）待裁决地区曾被正式从联邦公共领地中分离出—— 例如：为了合法私人用途，从联邦领地中分离（3）政府建立保留地的时候有意保留水权和土地权。

难点句子结构拆解

Later decisions, citing Winters, established that courts can find federal rights to reserve water for particular purposes if …

介词短语一般都是修饰最近的名词，in question 修饰the land , under exclusive federal jurisdiction修饰 enclave

(2) the land has been formally withdrawn from federal public lands-(i.e., withdrawn from the stock of federal lands available for private use under federal land use laws)-and set aside or reserved;

i.e例如的意思，全局的结构应该是：the land has been formally withdrawn from federal public lands and set aside or reserved，然后插入i.e 对于“formally withdrawn from federal public lands ”举例进行了解释

重点单词

enclave :飞地