Spring注入方式、注入类型以及常用注解

注入方式

1.属性setter注入(需要无参构造方法):

对依赖对象写入setter方法,通过setter的对象注入容器中
        <!-- 属性注入(setter注入)-->
        <!--将容器中的messageService,注入给当前Controller的messageService属性(通过该属性的setter)-->
        <property name = "messageService" ref="messageServiceBean"/>
    public MessageController(){

    }    
    public void setMessageService(IMessageService messageService){
        this.messageService = messageService;
    }

2.构造方法注入(有参构造方法):

注入对象构造方法中的参数,使容器识别依赖对象
    <bean id="msgControllerBean" class="com.apescource.web.MessageController">
        <!-- 构造注入(构造方法注入)-->
        <constructor-arg name="messageService" ref="messageServiceBean"/>
        <constructor-arg name="defaultMsg" value="默认消息模板"/>
    </bean>
    public MessageController(String defaultMsg,IMessageService messageService){
        System.out.println(defaultMsg+":");
        this.messageService = messageService;
    }

3.接口注入

接口注入模式因为具备侵入性,它要求组件必须与特定的接口相关联,因此并不被看好,实际使用有限。

注入类型

1.注入字符串,单个数值类型

<bean id = "example" class = com.example>
    <property name = " " value = " "></property>
</bean>

2.注入bean,引用类型

<bean id = "outerBean" class="com.outer">
    <property name = "target">
        <bean class = "com.Person">
            <property name = "name" value = "Amy">
            <property name = "age" value = "18">
        </bean>
    </property>
 </bean>

3.注入集合,List、set、Map、Properties等

<bean id = "listBean" class = "com.rep.example01">
    <property name = "list">
        <list>
            <value>一</value>
            <value>二</value>
            <value>三</value>
            <ref bean = "dataSource"/>
        </list>
    </property>
</bean>


<bean id = "setBean" class = "com.rep.example02">
    <property name = "set">
        <set>
            <value>张</value>
            <value>王</value>
            <value>李</value>
            <ref bean = "dataSource"/>
        </set>
    </property>
</bean>


<bean id = "mapBean" class = "com.rep.example03">
    <property name = "map">
        <map>
            <entry key = "an entry" value = "just some string"/>
            <entry key = "a ref" value = "dataSource"/>
        </map>
    </property>
</bean>


<bean id = "propsBean" class = "com.rep.example04">
    <property name = "props">
        <props>
            <prop key = "一">one</prop>
            <prop key = "二">two</prop>
            <prop key = "三">three</prop>
        <props>
    </property>
</bean>

Spring常用注解

1.@Component:类级别注解,标注一个普通的spring Bean类。表明该类会作为组件类,并告知Spring要为这个类创建Bean。

@Componet
public class DataService{
    private IRepostitory repostitory;
    public boolean saveData(){...};
}

2.@ComponentScan:类级别注解,使用在配置类。启用组件扫描,默认当前配置类所在包为基础包。

//  基础包
@ComponentScan(basePackages="com.codeup")
public class SystemSpringConfig{
    
}

//指定类所在包为基础包
@ComponentScan(basePackageClasses = ICodeupMarker.class)
public class SystemSpringConfig{
    
}

3.@Autowired:方法级别注解,自动注入一个符合类型要求的Bean。(参数:required:是否为必须注入项)

@Autowired
public DataService(Irepostitory repostitory){
    this.repostitory = repostitory;
}

4.@Primary:类级别的注解,一般与@Component配合使用,在自动装备时候,设置某个bean为首选。

@Component
@Primary
public class FileRepostitoryImpl implements Irepostitory{
    public boolean writeData(List<String> dataList){
    }
}

5.@Qualifier:方法级别注解(一般使用于:构造器、Setter方法、普通方法),指定所注入的bean的ID。(参数:value:所注入的bean的ID)

@Autowired
@Qualifier("fileReopstitoryImpl")
public void setRepostitory(IRepostitory repostitory){
    this.repostitory = repostitory;
}

6.@Scope:类级别声明注解,定义Bean的作用域。(参数:value:作用域参数值、singleton、prototype等)

public class DataService{

}
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