numpy随记

meshgrid函数，用两个坐标轴上的点在平面上画格
用法：
[X, Y] = meshgrid(x, y)
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x)与[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,x)是等同的
[X,Y,Z]=meshgrid(x,y,z)生成三维数组，可用来计算三变量的函数和绘制三维立体图。
np.r_是按列连接两个矩阵，就是把两矩阵上下相加，要求列数相等，类似于pandas中的concat()。
np.c_是按行连接两个矩阵，就是把两矩阵左右相加，要求行数相等，类似于pandas中的merge()。
例：
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
b = np.array([4, 5, 6])
c = np.c_[a,b]
print(np.r_[a,b])
print(c)
print(np.c_[c,a])

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np.sum用法
axis=0，即行压缩，axis=1，即列压缩
keepdims : bool, optional（保持缩小轴原尺寸）
If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option, the result will broadcast correctly against the input array.
If the default value is passed, then keepdims will not be passed through to the sum method of sub-classes of ndarray, however any non-default value will be. If the sub-classes sum method does not implement keepdims any exceptions will be raised.

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