142. The first stage of the project would be knowledge acquisition.
143. The effect of this first phase of learning seemed to be to get the learner involved, captivated, hooked, and to get the learner to need and want more information and expertise.
captivated 迷住（某人），迷惑
144. People with knowledge about a topic become faster and better at acquiring more knowledge and remembering what they learn.
145. People retain information better when they alternate from setting to setting. The different backgrounds stimulate the mind and create denser memory webs.
146. When you praise a student for working hard, it reinforces his identity as an industrious soul. A student in this frame of mind is willing to take on challenging tasks, and to view mistakes as part of the working process. When you praise a student for bing smart, it conveys the impression that achievement is an inborn trait.
industrious 勤劳的，勤奋的
inborn trait 天生的特点
147. The human brain is build to take conscious knowledge and turn it into unconscious knowledge.
148. Learning consists of taking things that are strange and unnatural and absorbing them so steadily that they become automatic. That frees up the conscious mind to work on new things.
149. Automaticity is achieved through repetition.
Automaticity ['ɒtəmə'tɪsɪtɪ]
150. Start with the core knowledge in a field, then venture out and learn something new. Then come back and reintegrate the new morsel with what you already know.
venture out 冒险
morsel [ˈmɔ:rsl] 小块，碎屑
151. He had come to see that learning is not entirely linear. There are certain breakthrough moments when you begin to think of and see the field differently.
152. Expertise is about forming internal connections so that little pieces of information turn into bigger networked chunks of information.
153. Learning is not merely about accumulating facts. It is internalizing the relationships between pieces of information.
154. Every filed has its own structure, its own schema of big ideas, organizing principles, and recurring patterns - in short, its own paradigm.
schema：an outline of a plan or theory 提要，纲要
paradigm 范例，样式
155. The expert has absorbed this structure and has tacit knowledge of how to operate within it.
tacit：心照不宣的;缄默的 that is suggested indirectly or understood, rather than said in words
tacit knowledge 隐性知识
Explicit Knowledge 显性知识
156. The third step is to bring the tacit knowledge to the surface.
157. Before composition starts, there should be a long period of gestation. He should give his mind time to connect things in different ways. He should think about other things and allow insights to pop into his head.
gestation [dʒɛˈsteʃən]（思想、主意等的） 构思、酝酿; 孕育（过程）
158. The brain is always and automatically trying to build patterns out of data.
159. She wanted him to retrieve the knowledge that was build inside. She wanted him to go off on a reverie, and convert the intuitions he had developed into language.
go off on a reverie [ˈrɛvəri] 去遐想
160. The best learners take time to encode information before they begin to work on their papers. It was time to make an argument and bring it all to a point.
