Ⅰ、Vocabulary

1、hooked

意思： ADJ 形容词 （被…）迷住的;（对…）入迷的 If you are hooked on something, you enjoy it so much that it takes up a lot of your interest and attention.

原句：  Of such a progression of sentences, each tugging the reader forward until he is hooked, a writer constructs that fateful unit, the"lead.”

造句： Open this book and read a few pages and you will be hooked.

2、nudge

意思：VERB 动词(通常指用肘)轻推，轻碰(以引起注意)If you nudge someone, you push them gently, usually with your elbow, in order to draw their attention to something.

原句：Anything will do, as long as it nudges his curiosity and tugs at his sleeve.

造句：He nudged the cat off the sofa so that he could sit down.

此处的搭配是nudge his curiosity，作者是为了说明，一个好的开头能够激发读者的阅读兴趣，促使读者进一步读下去。这边的nudge用的特别有趣，首先是把好奇心物化，轻轻地推搡一下好奇心，想象一下这个情景，既轻柔又有趣，也是语言文字潜移默化影响人的魔力所在。

3、moral

意思：N-COUNT 可数名词(由故事、事件引出的)道德训诫，寓意The moral of a story or event is what you learn from it about how you should or should not behave.

原句：One moral of this story is that you should always collect more material than you will use.

造句：I think themoralof the story is let the audience understand.

这里的moral更多是原则、经验、准则之类的含义，相比用rule或许更多了一份“经验之谈”的内涵，也就是作者在用实际经验来和我们对话，而非rule等冷冰冰的词。

Ⅱ、Reflection

Readers of a literary review expect its writers to start somewhat discursively, and they will stick with those writers for the pleasure of wondering where they will emerge as they move in leisurely circles toward the eventual point. But I urge you not to count on the reader to stick around. Readers want to know—very soon—what's in it for them.

文学评论性质的读者和普通读者是不同的，前者懂得作者的文学手法，因此更耐得下心来，把握一个个前期的细节铺垫，等待最后“爆发”的一刻，这里stick with，move in leisurely circles等一些用语，就显示出了评论性读者与作者的有趣关系；而后者却很少会有这样的耐性，因此就需要作家在开头和结尾处多下功夫。前些日子读了一些James Joyce的文字，老实说，作为普通读者，我根本读不下去，完全不知道他在讲什么，但作为一些课程task，当我花下大量时间来研究文本时，也就渐渐发现了作者的厉害所在，每一个词都是一个世界，每一个偶然出现的事物都是贯通前后的象征……这次发现了文学评论性读者与作家间这种游戏的乐趣。当然，作为一个作者，写出好的开头结尾是很重要的，但作为读者，学会欣赏作品，更需要好好磨练。