在介绍cookie压缩之前先来介绍一下cookie保存中文，因为在压缩cookie时要将结果进行转码好像就是这个原因
原本以为cookie保存中文，顶多在取值时会出现乱码，然而并不是这样的，写了个测试demo
TestEncode.java
public class TestEncode extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
for (Cookie c : cookies) {
System.out.println(c.getName());
}
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
Cookie c = new Cookie("姓名", "皮皮甜");
resp.addCookie(c);
doPost(req, resp);
}
}
在web.xml进行了url映射配置，然后，做测试就报错了
HTTP Status 500 - Cookie name "姓名" is a reserved token
type Exception report
message Cookie name "姓名" is a reserved token
description The server encountered an internal error that prevented it from fulfilling this request.
exception
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Cookie name "姓名" is a reserved token
javax.servlet.http.CookieNameValidator.validate(Cookie.java:406)
javax.servlet.http.Cookie.<init>(Cookie.java:120)
com.cqupt.javaweb.TestEncode.doGet(TestEncode.java:26)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:622)
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729)
org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
com.cqupt.javaweb.EncodingFilter.doFilter(EncodingFilter.java:29)
note The full stack trace of the root cause is available in the Apache Tomcat/8.0.30 logs.
中文果然不可以，因为中文的编码方式是Unicode。在servlet中创建Cookie必须遵守RFC 2109规范。RFC 2019规范里面就是key，value必须是ascii字符，或base64。将key和value换成英文以后就成功了,但是如果非要使用中文，也是有方法可以做到的。
Cookie中使用Unicode字符时需要对Unicode字符进行编码，编码可以使用URLEncoder类的encode(String str, String encoding)方法，解码使用URLDecoder类的decode(String str, String encoding)方法。
哪里失败就从哪里爬起，继续改代码
public class TestEncode extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
for (Cookie c : cookies) {
String cookieName = URLDecoder.decode(c.getName(), "gbk");
String cookieValue = URLDecoder.decode(c.getValue(), "gbk");
System.out.println(cookieName + " : " + cookieValue);
}
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
Cookie c = new Cookie(URLEncoder.encode("姓名"), URLEncoder.encode("皮皮甜"));
resp.addCookie(c);
// resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
doPost(req, resp);
}
}
程序运行结果：
姓名 : 皮皮甜
现在进入cookie压缩压缩介绍
为什么需要进行cookie压缩，因为cookie是保存在http的头部的，服务器和客户端进行交互时，需要进行cookie传输，如果cookie数量非常多、并且内容特别多的时候，无形增大了数据传输量，会占用很大的网络带宽。进行压缩，可以减少数据量。
cookie压缩：将cookie的多个k/v对看成普通的文本，做文本压缩。压缩算法可以使用gzip和deflate算法，因为cookie规范中，cookie中不能包含控制字符（压缩以后会出现==这些控制字符串），所以需要对压缩后的结果进行转码，可以使用Base32或者Base64。
因为使用Base64进行编码的时候会出现一些问题，所以选择了URLEncode进行了编码
demo:在向客户端发送cookie时就进行压缩
/**
* 服务器向客户端颁发cookie，在颁发给客户端时先对cookie进行压缩
* @param response
* @param name cookie名字
* @param value cookie值
* @throws IOException
* */
public static void addCookie(HttpServletResponse response, String name, String value) throws IOException {
System.out.println("进入了方法体...");
//进行cookie进行压缩
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DeflaterOutputStream dos = new DeflaterOutputStream(bos);
dos.write(name.getBytes());
dos.close();
System.out.println("name: " + name);
System.out.println("name before compress length: " + name.length());
String compressName = URLEncoder.encode(new String(bos.toByteArray()), "UTF-8");
// String compressName = new BASE64Encoder().encode(bos.toByteArray());
System.out.println("name after compress length: " + compressName.length());
System.out.println("compressName: " + compressName);
ByteArrayOutputStream bos1 = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DeflaterOutputStream dos1 = new DeflaterOutputStream(bos1);
dos1.write(value.getBytes());
dos1.close();
System.out.println("value: " + value);
System.out.println("value before compress length: " + value.length());
//压缩以后进行编码
String compressValue = URLEncoder.encode(new String(bos.toByteArray()), "UTF-8");
System.out.println("value after compress length: " + compressValue.length());
System.out.println("compressValue: " + compressValue);
//压缩以后需要使用使用base64进行编码,因为压缩以后存在控制字符，不符合cookie标准
// String lastName = URLEncoder.encode(compressName, "UTF-8");
// String lastValue = URLEncoder.encode(compressValue, "UTF-8");
// System.out.println("lastName: " + lastName);
// System.out.println("lastValue: " + lastValue);
Cookie cookie = new Cookie(compressName, compressValue);
cookie.setPath("/"); //本域名下contextPath都可以访问该Cookie
cookie.setMaxAge(Integer.MAX_VALUE); //失永远保存在浏览器，除非人为进行清理
System.out.println("发送结束...");
unCompressCookie(cookie);
response.addCookie(cookie); //向客户端发送cookie
}
