2月28日-3月6日的第三篇学习笔记补全。
兜兜转转，我还是回归了经济学人。
这次文章内容并不难理解，是大家喜闻乐见的特朗普大帝。
特朗普是美国政坛上的一个异类。自当选总统以来，美国一干媒体对于特朗普一言一行，一举一动向来都极尽嘲讽之能事，这次特朗普加征关税的政策也不例外。
本文认为特朗普是一个自由贸易怀疑者，以维护国家安全名义发起征税行动站不住脚，反而有可能引发全球性的经济乱战。
本篇的译文相当流畅，用词精当，该增译增译，该转换句式转换，多处难点处理得非常到位，值得学习。
Tariffs
The threat to world trade
The rules-based system is in grave danger
关税
对世界贸易的威胁
基于规则的体系岌岌可危
DONALD TRUMP is hardly the first American president toslapunilateral tariffs on imports. Every inhabitant of the Oval Office since Jimmy Carter has imposed some kind of protectionistcurbson trade, often on steel. Nor will Mr Trump’s vow to put 25％ tariffs on steel and 10％ on aluminium by themselves wreck the economy: they account for 2％ of last year’s $2.4trn of goods imports, or 0.2％ of GDP. If this were the extent of Mr Trump’s protectionism, it would simply be an act of senseless self-harm. In fact, it is apotentialdisaster—both for America and for the world economy.
特朗普不是第一个单方面加征进口关税的美国总统。自卡特以来，椭圆办公室的每一任主人都实施过一些贸易保护主义措施，通常是针对钢铁行业。特朗普誓言对钢铁征收25％的关税，对铝征收10％的关税，这本身也不会对经济造成什么损害：钢铁和铝仅占去年2.4万亿美元进口商品总额的2％，占GDP的0.2％。如果特朗普的保护主义到此为止，那只会是一种毫无意义的自残行为。但实际上，这对美国和世界经济都可能是一场灾难。
Slap
除了扇巴掌，友好地拍个背之外还有征税的意思，带贬义。结合当前时事背景可知，特朗普提高了关税。
4.动词
Ifjournalistssaythat theauthoritiesslap something such as ataxor abanon something, theythinkit isunreasonableor put on withoutcarefulthought.
[informal, disapproval]
Curb
1.动词
If you curb something, you control it and keep it withinlimits.
...advertisements aimed at curbing the spread of Aids. [VERB noun]
Inflation needs to be curbed in Russia. [be VERB-ed]
He called for much stricter curbs on immigration. [+ on]
Potential一般对应中文的“潜在”意思，但在实际翻译potential+n过程中，需要灵活变通，常常翻译成“可能”。
As yet it is unclear exactly what Mr Trump will do. But theomens are bad. Unlike hispredecessors,Mr Trump is a long-standing sceptic of free trade. He hassneeredat the multilateral trading system, which he seesas a bad deal for America. His administration is chaotic, and Gary Cohn’sominousdecision on March 6th to resign as the president’s chief economic adviser deprives the White House of a rare free-trader, signalling that it has fallen into protectionist hands. Not since its inception at the end of the second world war has the global trading system faced such danger.
目前尚不清楚特朗普到底会做什么，但前景不妙。与历任美国总统不同，特朗普一直对自由贸易持怀疑态度。他对多边贸易体系嗤之以鼻，认为该体系令美国受到了不公正的待遇。他的政府混乱无序，而本月6日加里·科恩（Gary Cohn）又做出了一个让人感觉不妙的决定：辞去总统首席经济顾问一职。这下白宫内本就稀有的自由贸易支持者又少了一人，表明这届政府已成为贸易保护主义者的天下。全球贸易体系自二战后建立以来从未面临过这样的危险。
Snner
动词
If you sneer at someone or something, you express your contempt for them by the expression on yourfaceor by what you say.
Ominous
形容词
If youdescribesomething as ominous, you mean that itworriesyou because it makes youthinkthat somethingunpleasantisgoingtohappen.
担忧坏事即将发生
Rough trade
贸易乱战
This danger has several dimensions. One is the risk of tit-for-tat escalation. After the EU said it would retaliate with sanctions on American goods, including bourbon and Harley-Davidson motorbikes, Mr Trump threatened exports of European cars.
危险表现在几方面。一是以牙还牙的报复行动有升级的风险。在欧盟表示要对波本威士忌、哈雷摩托车等美国商品实施反制措施后，特朗普威胁要向欧盟出口的汽车征税。
The second danger springs from Mr Trump’srationale. The tariffs are based on a little-used law that lets a president protect industry on grounds of national security. That excuse is self-evidentlyspurious. Most of America’s imports of steel come from Canada, the European Union, Mexico and South Korea, America’s allies. Canada and Mexico look set to be temporarily excluded—but only because Mr Trump wants leverage in his renegotiation of the North American Free-Trade Agreement, which has nothing to do with national security. Mr Trump is setting a precedent that other countriesare sure toexploit to protect their own producers, just as spuriously.
第二个危险来自特朗普的行动依据。此番征收关税的依据是一项极少援引的法律：总统可以以国家安全为由保护工业。这个理由显然站不住脚。美国进口的钢材大部分来自它的盟友，如加拿大、欧盟、墨西哥和韩国。加拿大和墨西哥看起来暂时会得到豁免，但这只是因为特朗普希望在重新谈判《北美自由贸易协定》时有筹码在手，与国家安全毫无关联。特朗普开创了一个先例，今后其他国家势必效仿，以同样难以成立的理由来保护本国生产商。
Rationale
可数名词
The rationale for a course of action, practice, or belief is the set of reasons on which it is based.
Spurious
2.形容词 [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
A spuriousargumentor way ofreasoningisincorrect, and so theconclusionisprobablyincorrect.
[disapproval]
It is not clear whether other countries can respond legally when national security is invoked in this way. This puts the World Trade Organisation (WTO) into a rat trap. Either Mr Trump will provoke afree-for-all ofrecriminationand retaliation that the WTO’s courts cannot adjudicate, or the courts willsecond-guessAmerica’s national-security needs, in which case Mr Trump maystorm out of the organisationaltogether.
美国此番搬出国家安全的名义，其他国家是否可以诉诸法律仲裁（采取法律手段予以反制）目前尚不清楚。世贸组织（WTO）陷入了窘境。要么是特朗普将引发一场互相指责和报复的混战，令世贸组织的法庭无法裁决；要么法庭对美国的国家安全需求做事后批评（?），在这种情况下，特朗普可能会愤然退出该组织。
Invoke
2.动词
If you invoke something such as aprinciple, asaying, or afamousperson, youreferto them in order tosupportyourargument.
打着国家安全的旗号，利用国家安全的名义。
Rat trap
名词
1.
adeviceforcatchingrats捕鼠夹，引申为窘境
Free-for-all
1.单数名词
A free-for-all is asituationin which several people or groups aretryingtogetsomething for themselves and there are no controls on how they do it.
混乱争夺的环境
Recrimination
有变体名词
Recriminations areaccusationsthat two people or groups make about each other.
互相指责
Second guess
动词
If youtryto second-guess something, you try toguessin advance what someone will do or what willhappen.预先猜测
the courts will second-guess America’s national-security needs
要么法庭对美国的国家安全需求做事后批评（?）
此处译文令人生疑，或应改为“要么法庭对美国的国家安全需求进行提前评判。”？
Storm
4.动词
If you storm into or out of a place, youenteror leave it quickly and noisily, because you are angry.
altogether
1.副词 [ADVERB after verb]
You use altogether toemphasizethat something hasstopped, been done, orfinishedcompletely.
[emphasis]起强调作用
英中文来源：https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1594523054992530289&wfr=spider&for=pc
括号内容与评述原创，仅供学习之用。
