一、方法说明
-
def reduce(f: (T, T) ⇒ T): T
Reduces the elements of this RDD using the specified commutative and associative binary operator.
-
def reduceByKey(func: (V, V) ⇒ V): RDD[(K, V)]
Merge the values for each key using an associative and commutative reduce function. This will also perform the merging locally on each mapper before sending results to a reducer, similarly to a "combiner" in MapReduce. Output will be hash-partitioned with the existing partitioner/ parallelism level.
二、区别
1、首先，从名称中可以看出的区别就是“ByKey”
reduce是作用在普通RDD上，返回的是一个值
reduceByKey是作用在键值对RDD上的，返回的也是一个键值对RDD
2、其次，他们是不同类型的算子
-
reduce是一个行动（action）
行动的作用是运行计算后返回一个值给驱动程序（driver program）
-
reduceByKey是一个转换（transformation）
转换的作用是创建一个新的数据集；
Spark中，所有转换都是惰性的，不会马上计算结果，而是由行动来驱动；
转换有可能会被重复计算，如果有多个行动去触发它。针对此场景，可考虑在转换之后使用persist或者cache方法对转换计算的结果进行持久化（可缓存到内存或者硬盘中，cache() = persist(StorageLevel.MEMORY_ONLY)），从而减少重复计算量。
三、示例
- reduce示例
import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
import org.apache.spark.SparkContext
object ReduceExampleApp {
def reduceExample(sc: SparkContext): Unit = {
val words = sc.textFile("C:\\bd\\data\\the soul.txt").map(x => x.split(" ").length)
val wordCount = words.reduce((x, y) => x + y)
println(s"wordCount=$wordCount")
}
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName(this.getClass.getName()).setMaster("local[4]")
val sc = new SparkContext(conf)
reduceExample(sc)
}
}
运行结果：
wordCount=131
- reduceByKey示例
import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
import org.apache.spark.SparkContext
object ReduceExampleApp {
def reduceExample(sc: SparkContext): Unit = {
val words = sc.textFile("C:\\bd\\data\\the soul.txt").map(x => x.split(" ").length)
val wordCount = words.reduce((x, y) => x + y)
println(s"wordCount=$wordCount")
}
def reduceByKeyExample(sc: SparkContext): Unit = {
val words = sc.textFile("C:\\bd\\data\\the soul.txt").flatMap(x => x.split(" "))
val wordCountDS = words.map(x => (x, 1)).reduceByKey((x, y) => x + y)
println(wordCountDS)
wordCountDS.sortBy(_._2, false).take(3).foreach(println)
}
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName(this.getClass.getName()).setMaster("local[4]")
val sc = new SparkContext(conf)
reduceByKeyExample(sc)
}
}
运行结果：
ShuffledRDD[4] at reduceByKey at ReduceExampleApp.scala:27
(my,15)
(the,13)
(soul,8)