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Having to deal with this persistent linguistic competition can result in difficulties, however.

但是，从多个语言系统中选词并不容易。

For instance, knowing more than one language can cause speakers to name pictures more slowly，and can increase ‘tip-of-the-tongue states’，when you can almost, but not quite, bring a word to mind.

例如，会多个语言的人挑选书签时更慢，并且更容易出现话在嘴边说不出的情况。

As a result, the constant juggling of two languages creates a need to control how much a person accesses a language at any given time.

因此，得不停地从两个语言中选词，从而使随时切换语言的能力更强。

For this reason, bilingual people often perform better on tasks that require conflict management.

因此，双语者更善于解决与冲突相关的事务。

In the classic Stroop Task, people see a word and are asked to name the colour of the word’s font.

在经典的斯特鲁游戏中，见一个词，就得说出这个字上的颜色。

When the colour and the word match (i.e.，the word ‘red’ printed in red), people correctly name the colour more quickly than when the colour and the word don’t match (i_e.，the word ‘red’ printed in blue).

字体颜色和字义不符时，人们回答慢且不准。

This occurs because the word itself (‘red’）and its font colour (blue) conflict.

其原因就是字体颜色和字义不同。

Bilingual people often excel at tasks such as this, which tap into the ability to ignore competing perceptual information and focus on the relevant aspects of the input.

在处理这些要求忽略干扰，集中注意力类的问题时，双语者表现得极优异。

Bilinguals are also better at switching between two tasks; for example, when bilinguals have to switch from categorizing objects by colour (red or green) to categorizing them by shape (circle or triangle), they do so more quickly than monolingual people, reflecting better cognitive control when having to make rapid changes of strategy.

双语者不停地切换任务也表现得很好；例如，在要先按颜色归类在按形状归类的时，双语者比单语者速度快，说明他们在快速转换中的认知能力更强。