AppleScript 基础

一、基本语法

1. 在 AppleScript 中所有值都需要使用双引号引起来。
2. 变量命名字母或下划线开头。官方建议使用驼峰的方式。
3. 语句结束使用换行
   例如：定义变量variable值为Hello Word

set variable to "Hello Word"

二、常用数据类型

1. number 数字
2. string 字符串
3. boolean 布尔
4. list 列表类型（：list 中的内容成为元素 item）�
5. record 记录（：record 中的内容成为属性property）

幸运的是 AppleScript 变量不用强制定义类型

三、字符串介绍和常用操作

1. 定义一个字符串 "set ... to ..."

    set myName to "elephant"

2. 字符串连接符 "&"

    set myName to "elephant"
    set age to 20
    -- get类似 php、python 的 echo、print
    get "name: " & myName & "; age: " & age
    >>> "name: elephant; age: 20"

3.查看字符串长度 "to the length/count of"

    set myName to "elephant"
    -- 这里 length 替换成 count 可以可以的
    set nameLength to the length of myName
    >>> 8

4.将字符串按照每个字母切割成 list "to every character of"

    set myName to "elephant"
    set myList to every character of myName
    get myList
    >>> {"e", "l", "e", "p", "h", "a", "n", "t"}

当然这种切割基本上没啥用，我们希望的是使用特定的符号切割字符串。继续向下看

5.按照特定的字符切割字符串 "AppleScript's text item delimiters"

    set myName to "Very fat elephant"
    set oldDelimiters to AppleScript's text item delimiters
    set AppleScript's text item delimiters to " "
    set myList to every text item of myName
    set AppleScript's text item delimiters to oldDelimiters
    get myList
    >>> {"Very", "fat", "elephant"}
    
    -- 如果只是按照空格切分字符串可以使用下面的方法
    set myList to words of myName
    get myList
    >>> {"Very", "fat", "elephant"}
    
    -- 还可以限制数量哦
    set myList to words 1 thru 2 of myName
    get myList
    >>> {"Very", "fat"}

说明：
第3行：设置要切分的特殊字符
第2，5行：因为系统默认的AppleScript's text item delimiters这个东西是{""}所以在切割完字符串后需要在修改回来
第4行："to every text item of"每个文本元素；而"to every character of"每个字符

6. 获取指定范围的字符串 "text from word ... to word ... of ..."

set shortList to text from word 1 to word 2 of "We're all in this together"
>>> "We're all"

6. 字符串比较运算符

用法示例：

    set myName to "Very fat elephant"
    set bool to myName is equal to "Very fat elephant"
    get bool
    >>> true
    
    set myName to "Very fat elephant"
    set bool to myName does not contains "Very"
    get bool
    >>> false
    
    set myName to "Very fat elephant"
    set bool to myName comes before "Very"
    get bool
    >>> false
    
    set myName to "Very fat elephant"
    set bool to "V" comes before myName
    get bool
    >>> true

四. 列表（list）介绍和常用操作

1.定义一个列表

 set myList to {"a", "b", "c"}

2. 替换list 中元素的内容 "set item ... of ... to ..."

：在 AppleScript中 list 是从1开始计数的

    set myList to {"a", "b"}
    set item 2 of myList to "B"
    get myList 
    >>> {"a", "B"}

3.获取 list 中最后一个元素或第一个 "set ... to first/last item of ..."

    set myList to {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"}
    set value to last item of myList
    >>> "f"

4.获取指定值 "set ... to item ... of ..."

    set myList to {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"}
    set value to item -2 of myList
    >>> "e"

5.获取指定范围的数据

获取从 N到M 所有的值

    set myList to {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"}
    set shortlist to items 2 through 5 of myList
    get shortlist
    >>> {"b", "c", "d", "e"}

获取范围数据时，根据数据类型筛选

    set myList to {1, "a", 3, "b", 4, 5}
    set shortlist to integers 1 thru 3 of myList
    get shortlist
    >>> {1, 3, 4}

6.排序 "set ... to reverse of ..."

    set myList to {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"}
    set reverseList to reverse of myList
    get reverseList

7.获取 list 中的数量，和字符串一样 "set ... to the length/count of..."

    set myList to {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"}
    set listCount to the length of myList
    >>> 6

8.随机获取 list 中一个数据 "set ... to some item of..."

    set myList to {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"}
    set a to some item of myList
    get a

9.给 list 末尾添加一个元素 "set the end of ... to ..."

     set myList to {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f"}
     set the end of myList to "zzz"
     get myList
     >>> {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "zzz"}

10.将 list 组成字符串

    set myList to {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "ads"}
    set oldDelimiters to AppleScript's text item delimiters
    set AppleScript's text item delimiters to "-"
    set myList to myList as string
    set AppleScript's text item delimiters to oldDelimiters
    get myList
    >>> "a-b-c-d-e-f-ads"

11.比较运算符和字符串类似

五、记录（record）

1. 创建一个记录

    set myRecord to {name: "elephant", age: 20}

2. 获取记录的值 "set ... to ... of ..."

    set myRecord to {name: "elephant", age: 20}
    set value to name of myRecord
    get value
    >>> "elephant"

3. 修改记录的值

    set myRecord to {name: "elephant", age: 20}
    set age of myRecord to 30
    get myRecord
    >>> {name:"elephant", age:30}

4. 获取数量 "set ... to the length/count of ..."

    set myRecord to {name:"elephant", age:20}
    set recordCount to the length of myRecord
    get recordCount
    >>> recordCount

六、类型转换 "... as ..."

set a to "15" as number
get a
>>> 15

set b to 123 as string
get b
>>> "123"

set c to "asdf" as list
get c
>>> {"asdf"}

set d to 0 as boolean
get d
>>> false