Docker 概述

Docker为什么会出现

一款产品：开发--上线两套环境！应用环境，应用配置

开发 ---运维，问题：我在我的电脑上可以运行!版本更新，导致服务不可用！对于运维来说，考验就十分大

环境配置是十分麻烦的，每一个机器都要部署环境（集群Redis、ES、Hadoop....）！费时费力

发布一个项目jar包(jar+(redis，MySQL，jdk，ES).war)项目和能不能够带上环境安装打包？

之前在服务器配置一个应用的环境，Redis，MySQL，JDK，ES，Hadoop，配置超麻烦，不能够跨平台

Docker给以上的问题提出了解决方案！

Docker的思想来自于集装箱！

隔离：Docker核心思想！打包装箱，每个箱子是互相隔离的。

Docker通过隔离机制，可以将服务器利用到极致！

本质：所有的技术出现了一些问题，我们需要解决，才去学习！

Docker的历史

2010年，几个搞it的年轻人，就在美国成立了一家公司DotCloud

做一下pass的云计算服务！Linux有关的容器技术！

他们将自己的技术容器化技术进行命名Docker！

Docker刚诞生的时候，没有引起行业的注意。DotCloud就活不下去！

他们选择开放源代码

2013年，docker开源！

Docker越来越多的人发现了docker 的优点。然后大火！

Docker每个月都会更新一个版本！

2014年4月9日，docker1.0发布！

Docker为什么这么火？

相对于虚拟机，十分的轻巧！

在容器技术出来之前，我们都是使用的虚拟机技术！

虚拟机也是属于虚拟化技术，Docker容器技术，也是一种虚拟化技术！

docker：隔离，镜像(最核心的环境)十分轻巧，直接运行镜像就可以了

Docker是基于Go语言开发的！是一个开源项目

官网：docker.com

文档地址：docs.docker.com Docker的文档超级详细！

仓库地址：hub.docker.com

Docker可以干嘛

虚拟机技术：

1.资源占用多

2.冗余步骤多

3.启动很慢

容器技术与虚拟机的不同：

传统虚拟机虚拟出一条硬件，运行一个完整的操作系统，然后在这个系统上运行软件
容器内的应用直接运行在宿主机的内容，容器没有自己的内核，没有虚拟我们的硬件，所以轻便
每个容器间互相隔离，每个容器内都有一个属于自己的文件系统，互不影响

应用更快速的交付和部署

传统：一堆帮助文档，安装程序

Docker：一键运行打包，然后发布测试

更便捷的升级和扩缩容

使用了Docker之后，我们部署应用就和搭积木一样

项目打包为一个镜像，扩展服务器A 服务器B直接运行镜像

更简单的系统运维

在容器化之后，我们的开发，测试环境都是高度一致的

更高效的计算资源利用：

Docker是内核级别的虚拟化，可以在一个物理机上可以运行很多容器实例！服务器的性能可以被压榨到极致！

Docker安装

Docker的基本组成

timg.jpg

客户端服务器 docker仓库

镜像(image)：

docker镜像好比一个模板，可以通过这个模板来创建容器服务，tomcat镜像---> run---> tomcat容器(提供服务器)，通过这个镜像可以创建多个容器(最终服务运行或者项目运行在容器中的)

仓库(container):

Docker利用容器技术，独立运行一个或者一组应用，通过镜像来创建的

启动，停止，删除，基本命令

目前就可以把这个容器理解为一个简易的Linux系统

仓库(repostory):

仓库就是存放镜像的地方

仓库分为公有仓库和私有仓库

Docker Hub

阿里云...都有容器服务(配置镜像加速)

安装docker

1.Centos7系统

2.使用xshell连接远程服务器

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n21" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">#系统内核是3.0版本以上的
[root@localhost /]# uname -r
3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64</pre>

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n22" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"

CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"</pre>

帮助文档

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n24" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">#1.卸载旧版本docker
yum remove docker
docker-client
docker-client-latest
docker-common
docker-latest
docker-latest-logrotate
docker-logrotate
docker-engine

2.需要的安装包

yum -y install yum-utils

3.设置镜像的仓库

yum-config-manager
--add-repo
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo #默认是从国外的！
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo #推荐使用阿里云的

更新yum 软件包索引

yum makecache

4.安装docker docker-ce 社区版 ee 企业版

yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

5.启动docker

systemctl start docker

6.查看版本

docker version

7.运行第一个镜像

docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
0e03bdcc26d7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d58e752213a51785838f9eed2b7a498ffa1cb3aa7f946dda11af39286c3db9a9
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker! #当我们看到这句话说明启动成功</pre>

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n25" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">#8.查看下载的hello-world镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kB</pre>

了解：卸载docker

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n27" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io #卸载依赖</pre>

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n28" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">rm -rf /var/lib/docker #删除目录</pre>

配置阿里云镜像加速

1.登录阿里云找到容器镜像服务

2.找到镜像加速地址

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n32" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://m2rp6nnn.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker</pre>

回顾hello-world流程

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底层原理

Docker是怎么工作的

Docker是一个C/S结构的系统，Docker的守护进程运行在主机上。通过Socket从客户端访问！

Docker Server接收到Docker-Client的指令，就会执行这个命令！

[图片上传失败...(image-f62546-1593329780770)]

Docker为什么比虚拟机快？

1.Docker有着比虚拟机更少的抽象层

2.Docker利用宿主机的内核，虚拟机需要是GuestOS。

[图片上传失败...(image-c7183e-1593329780770)] 所以说，新建一个容器的时候，Docker不需要向一个虚拟机一样重新加载一个操作系统内核，避免引导，虚拟机是加载Guest OS，分钟级别的，而Docker是利用宿主机的操作系统，省略了这个复杂的过程，秒级！

[图片上传失败...(image-74143e-1593329780770)]

Docker常用命令

帮助命令

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="shell" cid="n48" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">docker version #显示docker版本信息
docker info #docker系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help #帮助命令</pre>

镜像命令

docker images 查看本地主机上的所有镜像

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="shell" cid="n51" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kB

解释

REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像标签
IMAGE ID 镜像id
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像大小

可选项

-a, --all #列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet #只显示id</pre>

docker search 镜像名搜索镜像

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="shell" cid="n53" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@localhost ~]# docker search tomcat
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati… 2758 [OK]
tomee Apache TomEE is an all-Apache Java EE certif… 79 [OK]

可选项通过收藏来过滤

--filter=STARS=3000 #搜索出来的镜像starts大于3000的</pre>

docker pull 镜像名

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="shell" cid="n55" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #如果不写tag，默认下载最新版
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
8559a31e96f4: Pull complete #分层下载，docker iamges核心
d51ce1c2e575: Pull complete
c2344adc4858: Pull complete
fcf3ceff18fc: Pull complete
16da0c38dc5b: Pull complete
b905d1797e97: Pull complete
4b50d1c6b05c: Pull complete
c75914a65ca2: Pull complete
1ae8042bdd09: Pull complete
453ac13c00a3: Pull complete
9e680cd72f08: Pull complete
a6b5dc864b6c: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6 #签名信息
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址

指定版本下载

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
8559a31e96f4: Already exists
d51ce1c2e575: Already exists
c2344adc4858: Already exists
fcf3ceff18fc: Already exists
16da0c38dc5b: Already exists
b905d1797e97: Already exists
4b50d1c6b05c: Already exists
d85174a87144: Pull complete
a4ad33703fa8: Pull complete
f7a5433ce20d: Pull complete
3dcd2a278b4a: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:32f9d9a069f7a735e28fd44ea944d53c61f990ba71460c5c183e610854ca4854
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7</pre>

删除镜像

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="shell" cid="n57" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id #这里镜像id也可以是镜像名
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id #删除多个镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部镜像
</pre>

容器命令

有了镜像才可以创建容器，下载一个centos镜像来测试学习

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n61" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">docker pull centos:7</pre>

新建容器并启动

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="shell" cid="n63" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">docker run [可选参数] image_id

参数说明

--name="Name" # 容器名字，用来区分容器
-d # 后台方式运行
-it # 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p # 指定容器端口 -p 8080:8080
-p 主机端口:容器端口 (常用)
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P # 大P随机指定端口

测试启动并进入容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos:7 /bin/bash
[root@435354d6948a /]#

基础版本，很多命令都不完善

从容器退出主机

[root@435354d6948a /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# </pre>

列出所有运行的容器

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="shell" cid="n65" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># docker ps 命令
#列出当前正在运行的容器
-a #列出当前正在运行的容器，顺带带出历史运行过的容器
-n=? #显示最近创建的容器
-q #只显示容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
435354d6948a centos:7 "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (127) 3 minutes ago youthful_galois
6e34b718fa69 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 4 hours ago Exited (0) 4 hours ago beautiful_margulis
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -n=1
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
435354d6948a centos:7 "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (127) 3 minutes ago youthful_galois</pre>

退出容器

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="shell" cid="n67" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">exit # 直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q #退出不停止</pre>

删除容器

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="shell" cid="n69" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">docker rm 容器id #删除指定容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，除非加-f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有的容器</pre>

启动停止容器

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="shell" cid="n71" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">docker start 容器id #启动容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id #停止容器
docker kill 容器id #杀死容器</pre>

常用其他命令

后台启动容器

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="shell" cid="n75" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># 通过docker run -d 镜像名
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos:7

问题docker ps 发现centos7停止了

常见的坑：docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止

nginx 容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，没有程序了</pre>

查看日志命令

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="shell" cid="n77" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 容器id #刚刚启动的容器没有日志

使用shell手动写入日志

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo haha;sleep 1;done"
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -ft --tail 10 0ea236b9a521
2020-06-22T13:13:18.491539940Z haha
2020-06-22T13:13:19.492749327Z haha
2020-06-22T13:13:20.494203122Z haha
2020-06-22T13:13:21.495874971Z haha
2020-06-22T13:13:22.497391534Z haha
2020-06-22T13:13:23.498672603Z haha
2020-06-22T13:13:24.500391455Z haha
2020-06-22T13:13:25.502151480Z haha
2020-06-22T13:13:26.505115474Z haha
2020-06-22T13:13:27.506881481Z haha
2020-06-22T13:13:28.508273022Z haha
2020-06-22T13:13:29.509201940Z haha
2020-06-22T13:13:30.510538630Z haha
2020-06-22T13:13:31.512109500Z haha

不加tail可以查看全部的日志

-tf #显示全部日志

--tail number #显示日志条数</pre>

查看容器中进程信息

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="shell" cid="n79" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@localhost ~]# docker top 容器id
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 20102 20086 0 09:12 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c while true;do echo haha;sleep 1;done
root 20389 20102 0 09:16 ? 00:00:00 sleep 1</pre>

查看镜像的元数据

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="shell" cid="n81" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 0ea236b9a521
[
{
"Id": "0ea236b9a5214372bd1cb11d68f42414d1113e2b06f6ad7b56b31c1421c45402",
"Created": "2020-06-22T13:12:51.230321411Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo haha;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 20102,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-06-22T13:12:51.451027063Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:b5b4d78bc90ccd15806443fb881e35b5ddba924e2f475c1071a38a3094c3081d",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0ea236b9a5214372bd1cb11d68f42414d1113e2b06f6ad7b56b31c1421c45402/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0ea236b9a5214372bd1cb11d68f42414d1113e2b06f6ad7b56b31c1421c45402/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0ea236b9a5214372bd1cb11d68f42414d1113e2b06f6ad7b56b31c1421c45402/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0ea236b9a5214372bd1cb11d68f42414d1113e2b06f6ad7b56b31c1421c45402/0ea236b9a5214372bd1cb11d68f42414d1113e2b06f6ad7b56b31c1421c45402-json.log",
"Name": "/optimistic_heisenberg",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f90866b4b351efc827a69329e6a088268e6184bbe773e6b072438a991f98f1dc-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/07a09cabd1bf2506d7060f808688f8452955ef5974e200e579ea85af19642846/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f90866b4b351efc827a69329e6a088268e6184bbe773e6b072438a991f98f1dc/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f90866b4b351efc827a69329e6a088268e6184bbe773e6b072438a991f98f1dc/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f90866b4b351efc827a69329e6a088268e6184bbe773e6b072438a991f98f1dc/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "0ea236b9a521",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash",
"-c",
"while true;do echo haha;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos:7",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200504",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS",
"org.opencontainers.image.created": "2020-05-04 00:00:00+01:00",
"org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "GPL-2.0-only",
"org.opencontainers.image.title": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.opencontainers.image.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "eff0cd2d1c933ea1fce5017b185c7528e4b8cf514594ca1e150165a0d7bd04ca",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/eff0cd2d1c93",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "3f6451a0e8bb81ad945acd357b9c8e788131ce669daf2258237a22a8f16edf9b",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "56656bd93f272b2e418848a7f92aa3d78eeacc79862babd2d08afcb6414ec5a5",
"EndpointID": "3f6451a0e8bb81ad945acd357b9c8e788131ce669daf2258237a22a8f16edf9b",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
</pre>

进入当前正在运行的容器

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="shell" cid="n83" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行，需要进入容器，修改一些配置

命令

docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash

测试

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 0ea236b9a521 /bin/bash
[root@0ea236b9a521 /]# ls
anaconda-post.log dev home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var
bin etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr

测试2

docekr attach 容器id
正在执行当前的代码....

两者区别

docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作

docker attach #进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程</pre>

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="shell" cid="n85" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">docker cp 容器id:容器内路径目的的主机路径

测试

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it centos7 /bin/bash #进入容器新建文件
[root@0ece2585cb3d /]# cd /home
[root@0ece2585cb3d home]# touch haha
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp centos7:/home/haha /root #拷贝文件到主机上
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg cmake-2.8.7.tar.gz haha mysql-5.5.22.tar.gz

拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用-v卷的技术，可以实现自动同步</pre>

docker安装、镜像、容器