字典Dictionary是集合类的一种。
集合:数组array、字典dictionary、set;数组是有顺序的,且元素可以重复的;字典是没有顺序的,键是唯一的,值是可重复的;set是无序的,且不可重复的。
字典就是以键值对的形式存在的数据集合;
字典的键是唯一的;
字典的值是可重复的;
字典的键值是一一对应的,即有多少个键,就有多少个值;
字典中的键值对是没有顺序的;
比如:身份证 & 姓名;身份证就是键,姓名就是值。
字典分不可变字典,可变字典两类。
注意:
键值都是对象类型,不能是基础数值;
特别是键,一般都是string对象设置;
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- // 不可变字典
- // 初始化
- NSDictionary *dict001 = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:@"张绍锋", @"name", @"男", @"sex", nil nil];
- NSLog(@"\n dict001 = %@ \n", dict001);
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// 属性
// 1 个数
NSInteger count = dict001.count;
NSLog(@"\n count = %ld \n", count);
// 2 所有的键
NSArray *keyArray = dict001.allKeys;
NSLog(@"\n");
for (NSString *string in keyArray)
{
NSLog(@"string = %@", string);
}
// 3 所有的值
NSArray *valueArray = dict001.allValues;
NSLog(@"\n");
for (NSString *string in valueArray)
{
NSLog(@"string = %@", string);
}
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- // 字典操作
- // 获取键对应的值
- NSString *value = [dict001 objectForKey:@"name"];
- NSLog(@"\n");
- NSLog(@"name = %@", value);
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<embed id="ZeroClipboardMovie_12" src="https://csdnimg.cn/public/highlighter/ZeroClipboard.swf" loop="false" menu="false" quality="best" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="16" height="16" name="ZeroClipboardMovie_12" align="middle" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" flashvars="id=12&width=16&height=16" wmode="transparent" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; word-break: break-all;">
- // 可变字典
- NSMutableDictionary *dict002 = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:dict001];
- NSLog(@"\n dict002 = %@ \n", dict002);
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// 添加对象
// 1 setobject时,值必须是非空对象类型,如果值是非对象类型,则报错
[dict002 setObject:@"大学比业" forKey:@"education"];
//[dict002 setObject:nil forKey:@"education"]; // 编译报错
NSLog(@"\n dict002 = %@ \n", dict002);
// 2 setvalue时,不管值是不是对象类型,都不会报错,但对象不会添加到字典中
[dict002 setValue:@"高级电工" forKey:@"job"];
//[dict002 setValue:nil forKey:@"job"]; // 可正常编译运行,但对象不会添加到字典中
NSLog(@"\n dict002 = %@ \n", dict002);
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- // 替换指定键对应的值
- [dict002 setValue:@"iOS Dve" forKey:@"job"];
- NSLog(@"\n dict002 = %@ \n", dict002);
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// 删除指定键对应的值
// 1 删除指定键对应的值
[dict002 removeObjectForKey:@"job"];
NSLog(@"\n dict002 = %@ \n", dict002);
// 2 删除指定键数组对应的值
NSArray *keys = @[@"education", @"sex"];
[dict002 removeObjectsForKeys:keys];
NSLog(@"+\n dict002 = %@ \n", dict002);
// 3 删除所有的键值
[dict002 removeAllObjects];
NSLog(@"-\n dict002 = %@ \n", dict002);
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- // 重新初始化值
- [dict002 setDictionary:dict001];
- NSLog(@"\n dict002 = %@ \n", dict002);