今天，我想结合一篇雅思大作文的写作跟大家分享一下构思和产出思想和观点的问题。
一、首先让我们来一起看一下这篇大作文的题目：
Some people think that the best way to reduce time spent in traveling to work is to replace parks and gardens close to the city center with apartment buildings for commuters, but others disagree. Discuss both views and give your opinion.(2018/04/06)
二、下面我们就来一起针对话题做一些相关和快速的联想和发散思维来帮助我们深入全面思考话题和获得一些有用的观点和启发。
1、头脑风暴：
通勤时间长，很让人烦恼...上班地点与工作地点太远...市区住房成本高、人员太拥挤、绿地、公共休闲娱乐场所设施有限...企业选址在市中心扎堆，原因是有声誉、名气高、配套服务好、人流高、效益好尤其是娱乐、餐饮、商业零售、酒店会展等...公共交通不发达...私家车太多....道路桥梁设施不足...城市太大、人口太多...城市机遇多、收入高、医疗、文化、教育资源丰富、优质...
2、个人阅历反思：
以前上班每天通勤2小时，十分辛苦；现在换了工作地点，每天步行半小时上班，健康又从容...一个外国友人住在一个风景优美的湖区，每天坐动车上下班...另外一个国内朋友，为了离单位近，在市中心购房...广州地铁三号线每天人满为患…
3、回顾问题：
减少通勤的最佳方法是用公寓楼取代城市闹市区的公园和绿地。现在再来思考一下：为什么要减少通勤？因为通勤花时间、劳累、没有效益、生活方式不健康...有什么解决方案呢？比如在市中心租房...在市中心开发公寓楼也是一种方法，但会挤占城市本来就稀缺的绿地和公共空间，恶化城市生态环境、影响市民身心健康、经济发展和个人收入提高市区意义或者得不偿失...好的方法是盘活现有市区地产和物业、鼓励置换和租赁住房、改善公共交通体系、疏散城市商业和产业功能、鼓励经济转型和网络经济...
4、现在看看有没有他山之石可以拿来攻一下自己的玉。
唐老师范文解读：
思路：先承认论证题目的办法的确有用，后找到这个办法的缺陷并提出更好办法。
理由：生活环境变差、没有休闲娱乐的场所、拥挤吵闹的环境不利于身心健康、抵消减少通勤时间的好处
对策：在家远程办公
5、网上搜素相关资讯：《中国青年报》9 月5 日的一篇评论呼吁道：“对此，政府一方面需要治标，通过更健全的公共交通和轨道交通建设，让人们的通勤之路更加轻松快捷；另一方面也更需治本，通过改善城市规划、调控地区房价的方式，让人们能够在离住处更近的地方办公，在离公司更近的地方生活。”
6、明确主旨Thesis和写作思路：
在市区挤占公园修建更多的公寓楼不失为一种减少一些通勤时间的治本的方法，但这种方法有害城市环境，弊大于利。更好的办法是改善城市公共交通、疏散城市工商业设施和功能、修建卫星城市。
总体思路借鉴唐老师的思路，即先承认建公寓楼的好处，再指出问题，最后提出替代方案。
7、注意事项：
在主体段创作时注意用以下几个要点来推进和支撑主旨。
Why/how
Evidence/example
So what
If not
Bigger impact
三、下面我们一起来开始文稿的创作：
Due to the rising living cost of the mega city in many parts of the world nowadays, more and more people choose to travel long distance to their work from their home in the faraway suburbs. To solve this problem, some people suggest that more apartment buildings be built to replace the parks and gardens in the city center. Personally, there are more disadvantages than advantages for this piece of advice.
Undoubtedly, building more budget apartment buildings downtown can provide more affordable rooms for pathetic commuters to live near their company and save their commuting time. Instead of worrying about the high renting rate or sharing an apartment with other tenants who have some annoying personal oddities, they can then owning a cosy flat close to their workplace, walking or cycling to and from their job daily leisurely with much less time and energy. As a result, they can enjoy more time with their family, recharging themselves professionally, doing sport and having fun.
In contrast, if the construction of additional apartment buildings needs to squeeze the space of public green relaxation venue like parks and gardens, it will bring about more hazards than benefits. First, when parks and gardens were gone, city dwellers would have no place to do outdoor exercises and release pressure from their work. Second, the air of the city would become dirtier with few trees, meadows and lakes which was very harmful to the residents’ health. Last but not least, when the city is packed with more people, the city will become more crowded and noisier which may end up as a place less desirable for living and work.
In light of the above discussion, I would conclude that building apartment buildings close to the city center can cut down some commuting time yet worsen the living and working environment for the city dwellers. Planning satellite cities around the central metropolises, dispersing some of the non-essential functions of the super large cities to their satellite counterpart, transfering part of the businesses to the suburbs and improving the existing public transportation infrastructure are highly recommended to better cope with the issue under discussion.
四、雅思大作文构思与观点扩展小结
雅思大作文的构思如果依据问题类型的套路会比较快捷。比如我们这篇讨论最佳方案的考题就可以用唐老师提出的：先承认题目中方法有可取之处，后分析其不足，最后提出自己的意见。对于主体中的其他理由、证据、后果或例证等要点和细节可以用头脑风暴、自由联想、网络相关信息搜索等方式来收集和打开思路。最后还要对各种细节或事实进行筛选，依据自己对这些细节和要点的兴趣、熟悉程度和驾驭能力精选其中的两到三条放在自己的文章当中来推进和阐释自己的观点。一般来说，观点要兼顾正反两面，不能只有一种立场，否则就会显得偏颇和缺乏说服力，文章论证也会感觉没有那么有力和充实。
总之，雅思大作文的构思和观点的扩展对于写好雅思大作文非常重要，在雅思大作文写作无话可说，言之无物的同学可以参考本讲坛的方法来练习。如果大家只是满足考试之前突击背诵一些考试范文是费时低效和不太可靠的，因为考试作文千变万化，遇到全新题目或全新视角的题目的情况会非常多，这种时候靠默写范文就很危险，容易跑题，况且即使碰到自己背诵过的考试题目，如果照搬他人文稿也容易因与其他背诵同一范文的考生雷同被认定为作弊或而大大丢分。
不过如果想在雅思大作文写作考试中拿到理想的高分只靠以上一些构思和扩展思想的小技巧也还是远远不够的，因为如果要在雅思大作文考试中从容不迫地拿到高分最重要的还是要平时进行大量的写作练习和素材、观点和语言的积累。接下来我就想跟大家分享一下如何在日常生活中通过英语新闻的阅读来有效地积累有益和有用的雅思大作文写作素材、观点和语言。
