一、Warm-Up
1. memorable adj. 值得纪念的，难忘的
We have compiled many memorable quotes by Winston Churchill over the years. 一直以来我们收集了许多温斯顿丘吉尔的名言。
memorable 的名词是 memory n. 记忆
2. rumor n. 谣言；传闻
Stop spreading rumors online.
一个rumor的常见用法：Rumor has it that... 大家都说……
Rumor has it that he is going to be the next CEO. 大家都传闻他将会成为下一任CEO。
3. struggle with 与……打斗；与……抗争
Winston Churchill struggled with a speech impediment early in life.
struggle with 一般表示与什么苦苦抗争，可以是疾病、生活中的难题等；单独用struggle 可以用 struggle to do 表示努力（挣扎着）做某事；
I am struggling to understand what he said. 我竭力弄懂他说了什么。
4. stutter vi. 结结巴巴地说话
He stutters a little, so be patient and let him finish what he's saying. 他有点结巴，请耐心一些等他说完。
stutter除了指人说话结巴之外，还可以指机器突然卡壳，运转不连续了。
Suddenly the engine stuttered and then it stopped completely. 突然这个引擎突突的转了几声，然后彻底停了下来。
5. defect n. 缺点，缺陷；不足之处
Stuttering is not a serious defect, practice and perseverance alone will help. 口吃不是什么重大缺陷，只要多练习、有毅力，就可以改善。
Defect 后面一般用 in 表示……方面地缺陷
There are so many defects in the new system. 新的系统有太多缺陷了。
6. convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的
Churchill achieved great success thanks to his convincing speeched. 丘吉尔取得了巨大的成功，得益于他令人信服的演讲。
convincing 的动词形式是convince, 意思是说服、使相信。
7. evident adj. 明显的；明白的
His love for his daughter was evident in all that he did. 他所做的一切都清楚地表明了对她的爱。
一个很常见的用法是：It is evident that... 很明显……，很显而易见
It is evident that he has a crush on her. 很明显，他暗恋她。
8. asset n. 优点；有利条件
He encouraged those who suffered from their own disabilities by proving that disadvantages can be turned into assets. 他证明了不足之处可以被转化为优点，从而鼓励了那些苦苦挣扎于自己的不足的人们。
在此处 asset 是“优点”的意思，优点还可以是advantage. "优点与缺点“一般可以用 pros and cons.
get rid of 消除；去掉；摆脱
Have you got rid of your old car? 你处理了你的二手车吗？
9. down through the ages 千百年来；历史上
As a great man down through the ages, Martin Luther King encouraged so many people to fight for equality. 作为历史上的伟人，马丁路德金鼓舞了许多人为了平等而战。
一个动词短语是 echo down/through the ages 在千百年间回响，引申义是”非常重要“。
His thoughts have echoed down the ages. 他的思想在历史的长河中激荡。
10. regard as 视为；看待
He continues to be regarded as one of the greatest writers in the world.他一直被视为是世上最优秀的作家。
be regarded as... 被视为，被看成。
也可以使用be viewed as...
Her parents always regarded her as the smartest child in the world. 她的父母一直将她视为是世上最聪明的孩子。
他被广泛地誉为时尚之父。
He was widely regarded as the father of fashion.
11. this is the case with ... ……就是这样
Believe it or not, this was the case with Churchill. 无论你信不信，丘吉尔就是这样的例子。
Believe it or not 信不信由你
如果只用 this is the case, 一般指”情况就是这样“。
If that is the case then I will be very disappointed. 如果是那样地话，我会非常失望。
If this/that is the case... 如果情况是这样/那样……
如果是那样地话，为什么你不是一个素食主义者呢？
If that is the case, why aren't you a vegetarian?
12. With that said/ having said that...
With that said, rumor of Winston Churchill having a speech impediment have always been linked to stuttering, but the truth is that Churchill suffered from a lisp. 如此说来，有关丘吉尔患有语言障碍地传言一直与口吃有关，但事实上，丘吉尔有咬舌地毛病，这才是困扰他地问题。
传闻丘吉尔说话结巴，但是其实他是有lisp, 即咬舌。这个毛病指的是发不好s,z这一系列的音，有点像我们的”大舌头“。
With that said 一般用于承接上文所说的话，起过度的作用，也可以作with that being said.
注意几个类似的表达：
a. with that said... 前后是承接关系，即”如此说来“
b. Having said that... 后面接的是转折的内容，即”话虽然这么说，但……”
The red pen is cheaper and of higher quality. Having said that, I am going to take the blue one because I love blue. 红色的钢笔更便宜，质量也更好。话虽然这么说，我还是要买蓝色的那支，因为我喜欢蓝色。
Much of the book was very dull. Having said that, I have to admit that the ending was extremely clever. 这本书大体上比较无聊，但是我得承认它的结尾很巧妙。
The situation in the Sahara Desert is extremely dangerous. That being so, I will avoid going there. 撒哈拉沙漠很危险，所以我尽可能不去那里。
这里that being so 是“所以”的意思，即解释情况，相当于“as a result","so".
他会说英语，日语，中文和法语。所以，在国外工作对他来说就是小菜一碟。
He speaks English, Japanese, Chinese and French. That being so, working aboard is just a piece of cake for him.
a piece of cake 小菜一碟
一般地道的表达中，”我会说英文“不用说成”I can speak English" ，直接说“I speak English"就可以了
13. despite
Despite this, Churchill was never able to fully get rid of his lisp and always described himself as tongue-tied, and it was very evident that he struggled to keep it under control. 尽管如此，丘吉尔一直没有摆脱咬舌的困扰，他总是称自己舌头打结了，而且很显然，他费了很大的劲控制自己的咬舌习惯。
despite + n. 表示尽管……
也可以用in spite of + n.
despite 与 in spite of 后面加名词，或者 doing。但是不加句子，如果想要加句子，就要用despite the fact that... 或者 in spite of the fact that...
He has already eaten an enormous breakfast. Despite that, he managed to eat a big lunch just now. 尽管已经吃了一顿丰盛的早餐，中饭的时候他还是吃下了一大餐。
a. despite + n./doing 表示尽管……也可以用 in spite of + n./doing
b. 最常用的，是despite that 尽管那样，despite this 尽管这样。
c. 如果想要加句子，就要用despite the fact that... 或者 in spite of the fact that...
尽管又冷又下雨，这依旧是一个很难忘的经历。
Despite the coldness and the rain, it was still a memorable experience.
14. rehearse v. 排练；反复讲述
In order to improve his condition, he practiced constantly. For example, he worked very hard on his pronunciation of "s" by rehearsing phrases such as "The Spanish ships I cannot see for they are not in sight". 为了改善自己的情况，他坚持练习。比如，他一遍又一遍地读某些句子，努力地改变自己”s"的发音。
丘吉尔的逆袭离不开一次又一次的辛勤练习，那么除了practice constantly, work hard 之外还可以怎样形容一个人辛勤努力呢？
She is definitely burning the candle at both ends. She's been getting to the office early and staying very late to work on some big project. 她特别努力，每天早早地来到办公室，又忙到很晚才走，都是为了某个大项目。
burn the candle at both ends 形容一个人殚精竭虑、透支自己，类似于一个蜡烛从两头把自己点燃，有一种“蜡炬成灰泪始干”的悲壮。
I can't believe you already finished this project and you have done much more than we asked you to do. You have really gone the extra mile. 真不敢相信你已经完成工作了，大大超过了我们的预期。
go the extra mile 表示超预期地做事，比如健身教练让你每天跑30分钟，你跑了45 分钟，教练就可以说：“You really go the extra mile!"
她不仅完成了自己地任务，还每天都超额地工作。她真的是在呕心沥血了！
She not only finished her own work, but also went the extra mile every day. She is really burning the candle at both ends!
二、Translate
1. 他曾被誉为钢琴之父。
He was regarded as the father of the piano.
a. be regarded as... 被誉为……
b. the father of the piano 钢琴之父
2. 他真的是非常努力，每天都弹钢琴十个小时以上。
He was really burning the candle at both ends, playing the piano for over ten hours every day.
burn the candle at both ends 努力工作；殚精竭虑
3. 有传闻说，他一生都在与听力缺陷做斗争。这个缺陷对于每个音乐家来说都是可怕的。
Rumor has it that he had been struggling with hearing loss for his whole life. This defect was terrible for every musician.
a. rumor has it that... 有传闻说
b. struggle with 与……斗争
c. defect n. 缺陷
4. 但是尽管如此，他依旧对音乐史做出了巨大贡献。
But despite this, he still made great contribution to the history of music.
a. despite this 尽管如此
b. contribute to/ make contribution to 对……做贡献
5. 作为一个震古烁今的人，他鼓励了很多人去追寻梦想。
As a man down through the ages, he encouraged many people to chase their dreams.
a. down through the ages 在历史上流传的
b. encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做某事
c. chase one's dreams 追寻梦想
