最难题之句子简化题

老规矩，先做题再看解析咯~

TPO-18

Industrialization in the Netherlands and Scandinavia

Paragraph 6:The key factor in the success of these countries (along with high literacy, which contributed to it) was their ability to adapt to the international division of labor determined by the early industrializers and to stake out areas of specialization in international markets for which they were especially well suited.[*] This meant a great dependence on international commerce, which had notorious fluctuations; but it also meant high returns to those factors of production that were fortunate enough to be well placed in times of prosperity. In Sweden exports accounted for 18 percent of the national income in 1870, and in 1913, 22 percent of a much larger national income. In the early twentieth century, Denmark exported 63 percent of its agricultural production: butter, pork products, and eggs. It exported 80 percent of its butter, almost all to Great Britain, where it accounted for 40 percent of British butter imports.

10.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. The early industrializes controlled most of the international economy, leaving these countries to stake out new areas of specialization along the margins.

B. Aided by their high literacy rates these countries were able to claim key areas of specialization within established international markets.

C. High literacy rates enabled these countries to take over international markets and adapt the international division of labor to suit their strengths.

D. The international division of labor established by the early industrializers was suited to these countries, a key factor in their success.

解题思路

[*]翻译：（伴随着高识字率，高识字率促成了这些关键因素），这些国家能够适应原有的国际分工，且能够在国际分工中界定自身所适合的专业领域，这些是取得成功的关键因素。

备注：along with….是句子的伴随状语

这道题之所以错误率达到了67%，确实有它的特别之处。很多同学分析了好多遍，甚至看了多个解析之后还是不明白为什么选择B。那么，我们今天就来仔细审视一下这个奇葩的题目。

因为我们主要解决的是正确选项和迷惑性选项，首先就利用找主干和逻辑的方法来排除简单选项吧。原句的主干相信大家都能看得出来，就是“这些国家成功的因素是两种能力”。简单来说，这句话说的是这些国家成功的因素，跟A选项“早期工业化国家控制了大部分国际经济，使这些国家在边缘地带界定新的分工领域”是没有半点关系的，因为A选项并不是说的这些国家成功，貌似变成了“这些国家不得已才开辟了新地盘，并且是在很差的边缘地带”。所以排除A。

接着，我们利用原文细节去一一排除迷惑性选项。括号里有个信息就是“伴随着高识字率，高识字率促成了这些关键因素”。所以，原文的信息隐含了这些国家成功三个因素：（1）高识字率是根源（2）适应已有国际劳动分工（3）能够界定它们在国际市场适合的专业领域。

C选项，我们仔细看，是不是有个地方明显说反了？原文不是这些国家让国际分工去适应自己的强项（C项：adapt the international division of labor to suit their strengths），而是自己主动去适应这种国际分工（原文：their ability to adapt to the international division of labor），所以C选项错误。另外，原文也并没有C项中“接管国际市场”（take over international markets）这一信息。

我们再看D选项，D可以翻译为“早期工业化国家确立的劳动分工很适合这些国家，这是他们成功的主要因素”。首先，D选项是片面的，只提到了一个成功因素。而且，原文并没有说这些劳动分工很适合他们。“很适合”是在原文末尾，说的是他们适应国际分工之后又界定了很适合他们的国际市场领域。

最后看正确选项B选项，很多人不明白为什么选B，即使其他三项都不对，却怎么看B都不对。B选项可以翻译为“因为有高识字率的帮助，这些国家在国际市场范围内界定了主要的专业领域。其实，B选项确实是涵盖原文三个因素的，并且通过看这个选项，我们也能看到三个因素有轻有重。B选项的“因为高识字率的帮助”对应原文的根源因素——高识字率；“界定了主要的专业领域”对应原文的重要因素——能够界定它们在国际市场适合的专业领域；“在国际市场范围内”对应原文的第三个因素——适应已有国际劳动分工。如果还不是很清楚的话，请看以下英文对应关系。

aided by their high literacy rates = along with high literacy

claim key areas of specialization = stake out areas of specialization

within established international markets = adapt to the international division of labor determined by the early industrializers

方法都get到了，快去雅思Easy姐APP的阅读练习中找到其他句子简化题练起来吧~