MacOS添加自启动脚本

MacOS下添加自启动脚本有很多方法, 在一篇知乎文章中了解到Launchd替代了过去的init, rc, init.d, rc.d, SystemStarter, inted/xinetd, watchdogd等, 建议用Launchd.
当然还有别的Automator, Apple Script等方式(底层未研究), 感兴趣的自己搜索, 我选择了直接Launchd, 结合so上的这篇文章:

1. 编写自己的脚本, 添加可执行权限chmod a+x myscript.sh
2. 编写Launchd配置文件(.plist文件)
3. 结合上述两篇文章, 确定在系统启动还是用户启动时运行脚本, 我选择的是用户目录(~/Library/LaunchAgents/)
4. load这个配置: launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.service.name.plist
5. 登入登出测试, 或: launchctl start com.service.name

注:

1. 可执行脚本里的路径有空格需要转义
2. 但plist文件里<string>标签里的目录如果有空格, 不需要转义
3. load带-w参数参见这篇文章
4. 如果出错, 运行Console应用查看日志, 或参考这篇文章, 定向日志输出文件
   即在.plist文件里添加:

<key>StandardOutPath</key>
<string>/var/log/mylog.log</string>

附: .plist文件示例

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
    <dict>
        <key>Label</key>
        <string>com.service.name</string>
        <key>ProgramArguments</key>
        <array>
            <string>/path/to/my/script.sh</string>
        </array>
        <key>RunAtLoad</key>
        <true/>
    </dict>
</plist>

如果执行的脚本就一句话, 你可能希望直接在.plist文件里运行, 而不是额外再多生成一个脚本吧? (source)

<key>ProgramArguments</key>
<array>
        <string>/bin/bash</string>
        <string>-c</string>
        <string>ls -1 | grep *.txt | echo &gt; allTextFiles</string>
</array>

继续, 如果还想以root来执行脚本, 综合起来, 我的实现如下:

cp com.run.udp2raw.plist /Library/LaunchDaemons
cd /Library/LaunchDaemons
sudo launchctl load -w com.run.udp2raw.plist
sudo launchctl start com.run.udp2raw

其中udp2raw对应的命令是需要root权限的, 实测通过. 我选择的是/Library/LaunchDaemons/

注: 唯一要注意的地方, 就是最后两行, load和start命令都需要加sudo. 没有加的时候没有报错, 但是没有运行成功.

附: folders and usage

|------------------|-----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|
| User Agents      | ~/Library/LaunchAgents            | Currently logged in user
|------------------|-----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|
| Global Agents    | /Library/LaunchAgents             | Currently logged in user
|------------------|-----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|
| Global Daemons   | /Library/LaunchDaemons            | root or the user specified with the key UserName
|------------------|-----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|
| System Agents    | /System/Library/LaunchAgents      | Currently logged in user
|------------------|-----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|
| System Daemons   | /System/Library/LaunchDaemons     | root or the user specified with the key UserName
|------------------|-----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|