20 管理系统服务20.1 sysvinit命令和systemd命令20.2 显示所有当前服务20.3 显示服务状态20.4 运行服务20.5 关闭服务20.6 重启服务20.7 启用服务20.8 禁用服务
20 管理系统服务
systemd提供systemctl命令来运行、关闭、重启、显示、启用/禁用系统服务。
20.1 sysvinit命令和systemd命令
systemd提供systemctl命令与sysvinit命令的功能类似。当前版本中依然兼容service和chkconfig命令，相关说明如表3，但建议用systemctl进行系统服务管理。
表 3 sysvinit命令和systemd命令的对照表
| sysvinit命令 | systemd命令 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| service network start | systemctl start network.service | 用来启动一个服务 (并不会重启现有的)。 |
| service network stop | systemctl stop network.service | 用来停止一个服务 (并不会重启现有的)。 |
| service network restart | systemctl restart network.service | 用来停止并启动一个服务。 |
| service network reload | systemctl reload network.service | 当支持时，重新装载配置文件而不中断等待操作。 |
| service network condrestart | systemctl condrestart network.service | 如果服务正在运行那么重启它。 |
| service network status | systemctl status network.service | 检查服务的运行状态。 |
| chkconfig network on | systemctl enable network.service | 在下次启动时或满足其他触发条件时设置服务为启用。 |
| chkconfig network off | systemctl disable network.service | 在下次启动时或满足其他触发条件时设置服务为禁用。 |
| chkconfig network | systemctl is-enabled network.service | 用来检查一个服务在当前环境下被配置为启用还是禁用。 |
| chkconfig --list | systemctl list-unit-files --type=service | 输出在各个运行级别下服务的启用和禁用情况。 |
| chkconfig network --list | ls /etc/systemd/system/.wants/network*.service | 用来列出该服务在哪些运行级别下启用和禁用。 |
| chkconfig network --add | systemctl daemon-reload | 当您创建新服务文件或者变更设置时使用。 |
20.2 显示所有当前服务
如果您需要显示当前正在运行的服务，使用命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n64" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># systemctl list-units --type service</pre>
例如显示当前正在运行的服务，命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n66" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl list-units --type service
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTIO>
atd.service loaded active running Deferred e>
auditd.service loaded active running Security A>
chronyd.service loaded active running NTP client>
crond.service loaded active running Command Sc>
dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus Syst>
dkms.service loaded active exited Builds and>
dracut-shutdown.service .
.
.
loaded active exited Record Sys>
systemd-user-sessions.service loaded active exited Permit Use>
systemd-vconsole-setup.service loaded active exited Setup Virt>
systemtap.service loaded active exited Run a conf>
tuned.service loaded active running Dynamic Sy>
vdo.service loaded active exited VDO volume>
LOAD = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.
ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.
SUB = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.
54 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
[root@superman-21 ~]# </pre>
如果您需要显示所有的服务（包括未运行的服务），需要添加-all参数，使用命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n68" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># systemctl list-units --type service --all</pre>
例如显示所有的服务（包括未运行的服务），命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n70" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl list-units --type service -all
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCR>
● apparmor.service not-found inactive dead appar>
atd.service loaded active running Defer>
auditd.service loaded active running Secur>
auth-rpcgss-module.service loaded inactive dead Kerne>
● autofs.service not-found inactive dead autof>
chronyd.service loaded active running NTP c>
cpupower.service loaded inactive dead Confi>
crond.service loaded active running Comma>
dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus>
.
.
.
tuned.service loaded active running Dynam>
udisks2.service loaded inactive dead Disk >
vdo.service loaded active exited VDO v>
virtlockd.service loaded inactive dead Virtu>
virtlogd.service loaded inactive dead Virtu>
● xencommons.service not-found inactive dead xenco>
● xendomains.service not-found inactive dead xendo>
● ypbind.service not-found inactive dead ypbin>
LOAD = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.
ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.
SUB = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.
129 loaded units listed.
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
[root@superman-21 ~]#</pre>
20.3 显示服务状态
如果您需要显示某个服务的状态，可执行如下命令：
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n73" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># systemctl status name.service</pre>
相关状态显示参数说明如表4所示。
表 4 状态参数说明
| 参数 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| Loaded | 说明服务是否被加载，并显示服务对应的绝对路径以及是否启用。 |
| Active | 说明服务是否正在运行，并显示时间节点。 |
| Main PID | 相应的系统服务的PID值。 |
| CGroup | 相关控制组（CGroup）的其他信息。 |
如果您需要鉴别某个服务是否运行，可执行如下命令：
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n93" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># systemctl is-active name.service</pre>
is-active命令的返回结果如下：
表 5 is-active命令的返回结果
| 状态 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| active(running) | 有一只或多只程序正在系统中执行 |
| active(exited) | 仅执行一次就正常结束的服务，目前并没有任何程序在系统中执行。 举例来说，开机或者 是挂载时才会进行一次的 quotaon 功能 |
| active(waiting) | 正在执行当中，不过要等待其他的事件才能继续处理。例如：打印的队列相关服务 就是这种状态，虽然正在启动中，不过也需要真的有队列进来 (打印作业) 这样他才会继续唤醒打印机 服务来进行下一步打印的功能 |
| inactive | 这个服务没有运行 |
同样，如果您需要判断某个服务是否被启用，可执行如下命令：
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n113" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># systemctl is-enabled name.service</pre>
is-enabled命令的返回结果如下：
表 6 is-enabled命令的返回结果
| 状态 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| "enabled" | 已经通过 /etc/systemd/system/ 目录下的 Alias= 别名、 .wants/ 或 .requires/ 软连接被永久启用。 |
| "enabled-runtime" | 已经通过 /run/systemd/system/ 目录下的 Alias= 别名、 .wants/ 或 .requires/ 软连接被临时启用。 |
| "linked" | 虽然单元文件本身不在标准单元目录中，但是指向此单元文件的一个或多个软连接已经存在于 /etc/systemd/system/ 永久目录中。 |
| "linked-runtime" | 虽然单元文件本身不在标准单元目录中，但是指向此单元文件的一个或多个软连接已经存在于 /run/systemd/system/ 临时目录中。 |
| "masked" | 已经被 /etc/systemd/system/ 目录永久屏蔽(软连接指向 /dev/null 文件)，因此 start 操作会失败。 |
| "masked-runtime" | 已经被 /run/systemd/systemd/ 目录临时屏蔽(软连接指向 /dev/null 文件)，因此 start 操作会失败。 |
| "static" | 尚未被启用，并且单元文件的 "[Install]" 小节中没有可用于 enable 命令的选项。 |
| "indirect" | 尚未被启用，但是单元文件的 "[Install]" 小节中 Also= 选项的值列表非空(也就是列表中的某些单元可能已被启用)、或者它拥有一个不在 Also= 列表中的其他名称的别名软连接。对于模版单元来说，表示已经启用了一个不同于 DefaultInstance= 的实例。 |
| "disabled" | 尚未被启用，但是单元文件的 "[Install]" 小节中存在可用于 enable 命令的选项 |
| "generated" | 单元文件是被单元生成器动态生成的。被生成的单元文件可能并未被直接启用，而是被单元生成器隐含的启用了。 |
| "transient" | 单元文件是被运行时API动态临时生成的。该临时单元可能并未被启用。 |
| "bad" | 单元文件不正确或者出现其他错误。 is-enabled 不会返回此状态，而是会显示一条出错信息。 list-unit-files 命令有可能会显示此单元。 |
例如查看gdm.service服务状态，命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n157" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl status httpd.service
○ httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
[root@superman-21 ~]# </pre>
例如鉴别httpd服务是否运行，可执行如下命令：
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n159" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl is-active httpd
inactive
[root@superman-21 ~]# </pre>
例如判断httpd服务是否被启用，可执行如下命令：
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n161" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl is-enabled httpd
disabled
[root@superman-21 ~]# </pre>
20.4 运行服务
如果您需要运行某个服务，请在root权限下执行如下命令：
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n164" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># systemctl start name.service</pre>
例如运行httpd服务，命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n166" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl start httpd.service
[root@superman-21 ~]# </pre>
20.5 关闭服务
如果您需要关闭某个服务，请在root权限下执行如下命令：
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n169" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># systemctl stop name.service</pre>
例如关闭蓝牙服务，命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n171" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl stop httpd.service
[root@superman-21 ~]# </pre>
20.6 重启服务
如果您需要重启某个服务，请在root权限下执行如下命令：
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n174" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># systemctl restart name.service</pre>
执行命令后，当前服务会被关闭，但马上重新启动。如果您指定的服务，当前处于关闭状态，执行命令后，服务也会被启动。
例如重启蓝牙服务，命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n177" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service
[root@superman-21 ~]# </pre>
20.7 启用服务
如果您需要在开机时启用某个服务，请在root权限下执行如下命令：
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n180" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># systemctl enable name.service</pre>
例如设置httpd服务开机时启动，命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n182" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl enable httpd.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@superman-21 ~]# </pre>
20.8 禁用服务
如果您需要在开机时禁用某个服务，请在root权限下执行如下命令：
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n185" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># systemctl disable name.service</pre>
例如在开机时禁用蓝牙服务启动，命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n187" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@superman-21 ~]# systemctl disable httpd.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service.
[root@superman-21 ~]# </pre>
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