更新并测试于 20240222

在 Mac 中安装 Ruby 、需要先安装好 RVM

• RVM 是一个便捷的 多版本 Ruby 环境的 管理 和 切换 工具
• 官网：https://rvm.io/
• 截止到目前 最新版本是 rvm 1.29.12

在终端控制台 输入命令行 ：
$ curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable  

如果 报错 ： 
curl: (7) Failed to connect to raw.githubusercontent.com port 443 after 16 ms: Connection refused

通过 https://ip.tool.chinaz.com/raw.githubusercontent.com
raw.githubusercontent.com  得到 ip 
然后 修改 电脑的 iHosts  文件 

Mac ~ % curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable  
Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/1.29.10.tar.gz
Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.29.10/1.29.10.tar.gz.asc
Found PGP signature at: 'https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.29.10/1.29.10.tar.gz.asc',
but no GPG software exists to validate it, skipping.
Upgrading the RVM installation in /Users/shiran/.rvm/
    RVM PATH line found in /Users/shiran/.mkshrc /Users/shiran/.profile /Users/shiran/.bashrc /Users/shiran/.zshrc.
    RVM sourcing line found in /Users/shiran/.profile /Users/shiran/.bash_profile /Users/shiran/.zlogin.
Upgrade of RVM in /Users/shiran/.rvm/ is complete.

Thanks for installing RVM 🙏
Please consider donating to our open collective to help us maintain RVM.

👉  Donate: https://opencollective.com/rvm/donate

Mac ~ % rvm -v
rvm 1.29.12 (latest) by Michal Papis, Piotr Kuczynski, Wayne E. Seguin [https://rvm.io]

===============================================

1.2 然后 载入 RVM 环境 
    $ source ~/.rvm/scripts/rvm

1.3 修改 RVM 下载 Ruby 的源 到 Ruby China 的镜像  ！ 
    记住这个镜像 是 ruby-china.com 不是其他的  
    $ echo "ruby_url=https://cache.ruby-china.com/pub/ruby" > ~/.rvm/user/db

1.3.1 检查一下是否安装正确
    $ rvm -v

如下所示 ：
Mac :~ admin $ source ~/.rvm/scripts/rvm
Mac :~ admin $ echo "ruby_url=https://cache.ruby-china.com/pub/ruby" > ~/.rvm/user/db
Mac :~ admin $ rvm -v
rvm 1.29.12 (latest) by Michal Papis, Piotr Kuczynski, Wayne E. Seguin [https://rvm.io/]
如果能显示版本号,则安装成功。

更新 RVM : rvm get stable 如下所示 :

Mac:~ mac$ rvm get stable
Downloading https://get.rvm.io
No GPG software exists to validate rvm-installer, skipping.
Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/1.29.2.tar.gz
Downloading https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.29.2/1.29.2.tar.gz.asc
Found PGP signature at: 'https://github.com/rvm/rvm/releases/download/1.29.2/1.29.2.tar.gz.asc',
but no GPG software exists to validate it, skipping.

Upgrading the RVM installation in /Users/mac/.rvm/
    RVM PATH line found in /Users/mac/.mkshrc /Users/mac/.profile /Users/mac/.bashrc /Users/mac/.zshrc.
    RVM sourcing line found in /Users/mac/.profile /Users/mac/.bash_profile /Users/mac/.zlogin.
Upgrade of RVM in /Users/mac/.rvm/ is complete.

# xinxin,
#
#   Thank you for using RVM!
#   We sincerely hope that RVM helps to make your life easier and more enjoyable!!!
#
# ~Wayne, Michal & team.

In case of problems: https://rvm.io/help and https://twitter.com/rvm_io

Upgrade Notes:

  * No new notes to display.

RVM reloaded!

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mac:~ mac$ rvm -v
rvm 1.29.12 (latest) by Michal Papis, Piotr Kuczynski, Wayne E. Seguin [https://rvm.io/]

第二步：安装 Ruby ( 无法显示最新版本的 Ruby )

列出 Ruby 可安装的版本信息
$ rvm list known
安装一个 Ruby 版本
$ rvm install 3.0 --default

先查询版本 : $ rvm list known

shiran$ rvm list known
# MRI Rubies
[ruby-]1.8.6[-p420]
[ruby-]1.8.7[-head] # security released on head
[ruby-]1.9.1[-p431]
[ruby-]1.9.2[-p330]
[ruby-]1.9.3[-p551]
[ruby-]2.0.0[-p648]
[ruby-]2.1[.10]
[ruby-]2.2[.10]
[ruby-]2.3[.8]
[ruby-]2.4[.10]
[ruby-]2.5[.8]
[ruby-]2.6[.6]
[ruby-]2.7[.2]
[ruby-]3[.0.0]
ruby-head

# for forks use: rvm install ruby-head-<name> --url https://github.com/github/ruby.git --branch 2.2

# JRuby
jruby-1.6[.8]
jruby-1.7[.27]
jruby-9.1[.17.0]
jruby[-9.2.7.0]
jruby-head

# Rubinius
rbx-1[.4.3]
rbx-2.3[.0]
rbx-2.4[.1]
rbx-2[.5.8]
rbx-3[.107]
rbx-4[.3]
rbx-head

# TruffleRuby
truffleruby[-19.1.0]

# Opal
opal

# Minimalistic ruby implementation - ISO 30170:2012
mruby-1.0.0
mruby-1.1.0
mruby-1.2.0
mruby-1.3.0
mruby-1[.4.1]
mruby-2[.0.1]
mruby[-head]

# Ruby Enterprise Edition
ree-1.8.6
ree[-1.8.7][-2012.02]

# Topaz
topaz

# MagLev
maglev-1.0.0
maglev-1.1[RC1]
maglev[-1.2Alpha4]
maglev-head

# Mac OS X Snow Leopard Or Newer
macruby-0.10
macruby-0.11
macruby[-0.12]
macruby-nightly
macruby-head

# IronRuby
ironruby[-1.1.3]
ironruby-head

开始安装： rvm install 3.0 --default

如果中间停顿，则是 要授权 输入 yes 即可，
初次安装要等好久，切记要耐心 !

报错 ：
Requirements installation failed with status: 56.

这种情况先升级 rvm 就可以了，
升级 rvm 命令 ：rvm get master 
然后再升级 ruby ：rvm install 3.0 --default


mac : $ rvm install 3.0 --default
Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time.
No binary rubies available for: osx/10.15/x86_64/ruby-2.6.3.
Continuing with compilation. Please read 'rvm help mount' to get more information on binary rubies.
Checking requirements for osx.
About to install Homebrew in the default location `/usr/local`.

It is possible to select a custom location, however it is not recommended and some things might not work.
You should do it only if you do not have write rights to `/usr/local`.

Press ENTER to install Homebrew in the default location `/usr/local`
or type a custom path (needs to be writable for the current user)
: yes
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   128    0   128    0     0    200      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--   200
100 1733k  100 1733k    0     0  27493      0  0:01:04  0:01:04 --:--:-- 49124
Installing requirements for osx.
Updating system........................
Installing required packages: autoconf, automake, libtool, pkg-config, coreutils, libyaml, libksba, readline, zlib, openssl@1.1...................
Certificates bundle '/Users/shiran/yes/etc/openssl@1.1/cert.pem' is already up to date.
Requirements installation successful.
Installing Ruby from source to: /Users/shiran/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.3, this may take a while depending on your cpu(s)...
ruby-2.6.3 - #downloading ruby-2.6.3, this may take a while depending on your connection...
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
curl: (35) error:14004410:SSL routines:CONNECT_CR_SRVR_HELLO:sslv3 alert handshake failure
There was an error(35).
Checking fallback: https://ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/2.6/ruby-2.6.3.tar.bz2
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100 13.8M  100 13.8M    0     0  1310k      0  0:00:10  0:00:10 --:--:--  795k
ruby-2.6.3 - #extracting ruby-2.6.3 to /Users/shiran/.rvm/src/ruby-2.6.3.....
ruby-2.6.3 - #configuring.......................................................................
ruby-2.6.3 - #post-configuration.
ruby-2.6.3 - #compiling......................................................................
ruby-2.6.3 - #installing...........
ruby-2.6.3 - #making binaries executable..
ruby-2.6.3 - #downloading rubygems-3.0.4
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  862k  100  862k    0     0  1487k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 1485k
ruby-2.6.3 - #extracting rubygems-3.0.4.....
ruby-2.6.3 - #removing old rubygems........
ruby-2.6.3 - #installing rubygems-3.0.4.........................................
ruby-2.6.3 - #gemset created /Users/shiran/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3@global
ruby-2.6.3 - #importing gemset /Users/shiran/.rvm/gemsets/global.gems................................................................
ruby-2.6.3 - #generating global wrappers.......
ruby-2.6.3 - #gemset created /Users/shiran/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3
ruby-2.6.3 - #importing gemsetfile /Users/shiran/.rvm/gemsets/default.gems evaluated to empty gem list
ruby-2.6.3 - #generating default wrappers.......
ruby-2.6.3 - #adjusting #shebangs for (gem irb erb ri rdoc testrb rake).
Install of ruby-2.6.3 - #complete 
Ruby was built without documentation, to build it run: rvm docs generate-ri

检测一下：

MacBook-Pro ~ % ruby -v
ruby 3.0.0p0 (2020-12-25 revision 95aff21468) [x86_64-darwin20]

Mac ~ % ruby -v
ruby 2.7.0p0 (2019-12-25 revision 647ee6f091) [x86_64-darwin19]
Mac ~ % rvm install 3.0 --default
Already installed ruby-3.0.0.
To reinstall use:

    rvm reinstall ruby-3.0.0

Mac ~ % rvm reinstall ruby-3.0.0
ruby-3.0.0 - #removing src/ruby-3.0.0 - please wait
ruby-3.0.0 - #removing rubies/ruby-3.0.0 - please wait
Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time.
No binary rubies available for: osx/10.15/x86_64/ruby-3.0.0.
Continuing with compilation. Please read 'rvm help mount' to get more information on binary rubies.
Checking requirements for osx.
Certificates bundle '/usr/local/etc/openssl@1.1/cert.pem' is already up to date.
Requirements installation successful.
Installing Ruby from source to: /Users/mac/.rvm/rubies/ruby-3.0.0, this may take a while depending on your cpu(s)...
ruby-3.0.0 - #downloading ruby-3.0.0, this may take a while depending on your connection...
ruby-3.0.0 - #extracting ruby-3.0.0 to /Users/mac/.rvm/src/ruby-3.0.0 - please wait
ruby-3.0.0 - #configuring - please wait
ruby-3.0.0 - #post-configuration - please wait
ruby-3.0.0 - #compiling - please wait
ruby-3.0.0 - #installing - please wait
ruby-3.0.0 - #making binaries executable - please wait
Installed rubygems 3.2.3 is newer than 3.0.9 provided with installed ruby, skipping installation, use --force to force installation.
ruby-3.0.0 - #gemset created /Users/mac/.rvm/gems/ruby-3.0.0@global
ruby-3.0.0 - #importing gemset /Users/mac/.rvm/gemsets/global.gems - please wait
ruby-3.0.0 - #generating global wrappers - please wait
ruby-3.0.0 - #gemset created /Users/mac/.rvm/gems/ruby-3.0.0
ruby-3.0.0 - #importing gemsetfile /Users/mac/.rvm/gemsets/default.gems evaluated to empty gem list
ruby-3.0.0 - #generating default wrappers - please wait
ruby-3.0.0 - #adjusting #shebangs for (gem irb erb ri rdoc testrb rake).
Install of ruby-3.0.0 - #complete 
Ruby was built without documentation, to build it run: rvm docs generate-ri
Making gemset ruby-3.0.0 pristine - please wait
Making gemset ruby-3.0.0@global pristine - please wait

Mac ~ % ruby -v
ruby 3.0.0p0 (2020-12-25 revision 95aff21468) [x86_64-darwin19]