在开发项目的过程中会用到很多第三方库，比如AFNetWorking,SDWebImage,FMDB等，但一直都没去好好的研究一下，最近刚好项目不是太紧，闲下来可以给自己充充电，先研究一下SDWebImage的底层实现，源码地址：SDWebImage
先介绍一下SDWebImage，我们使用较多的是它提供的UIImageView分类，支持从远程服务器下载并缓存图片。自从iOS5.0开始，NSURLCache也可以处理磁盘缓存，那么SDWebImage的优势在哪？首先NSURLCache是缓存原始数据(raw data)到磁盘或内存，因此每次使用的时候需要将原始数据转换成具体的对象，如UIImage等，这会导致额外的数据解析以及内存占用等，而SDWebImage则是缓存UIImage对象在内存，缓存在NSCache中，同时直接保存压缩过的图片到磁盘中；还有一个问题是当你第一次在UIImageView中使用image对象的时候，图片的解码是在主线程中运行的！而SDWebImage会强制将解码操作放到子线程中。下图是SDWebImage简单的类图关系：
SDWebImage.png
下面从UIImageView的图片加载开始看起，Let's go!
首先我们在给UIImageView设置图片的时候会调用方法：
- (void)sd_setImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url placeholderImage:(UIImage *)placeholder;
其中url为远程图片的地址，而placeholder为预显示的图片。
其实还可以添加一些额外的参数，比如图片选项SDWebImageOptions
typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, SDWebImageOptions) {
SDWebImageRetryFailed = 1 << 0,//下载失败了会再次尝试下载
WebImageLowPriority = 1 << 1,//当UIScrollView等正在滚动时，延迟下载图片（放置scrollView滚动卡）
SDWebImageCacheMemoryOnly = 1 << 2,//只缓存到内存中
SDWebImageProgressiveDownload = 1 << 3,// 图片会边下边显示
SDWebImageRefreshCached = 1 << 4,//将硬盘缓存交给系统自带的NSURLCache去处理
SDWebImageContinueInBackground = 1 << 5,//后台下载
SDWebImageHandleCookies = 1 << 6,// 通过设置NSMutableURLRequest.HTTPShouldHandleCookies = YES来处理存储在NSHTTPCookieStore中的cookie
SDWebImageAllowInvalidSSLCertificates = 1 << 7,// 允许不受信任的SSL证书。主要用于测试目的。
SDWebImageHighPriority = 1 << 8,
SDWebImageDelayPlaceholder = 1 << 9,
SDWebImageTransformAnimatedImage = 1 << 10,
};
一般使用的是SDWebImageRetryFailed | SDWebImageLowPriority，下面看看具体的函数调用：
- (void)sd_setImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url placeholderImage:(UIImage *)placeholder options:(SDWebImageOptions)options progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock completed:(SDWebImageCompletionBlock)completedBlock
{
[self sd_cancelCurrentImageLoad];//取消正在下载的操作
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &imageURLKey, url, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);//关联该view对应的图片URL
/*...*/
if (url) {
__weak UIImageView *wself = self;//防止retain cricle
//由SDWebImageManager负责图片的获取
id <SDWebImageOperation> operation = [SDWebImageManager.sharedManager downloadImageWithURL:url options:options progress:progressBlock completed:^(UIImage *image, NSError *error, SDImageCacheType cacheType, BOOL finished, NSURL *imageURL) {
/*获取图片到主线层显示*/
}];
[self sd_setImageLoadOperation:operation forKey:@"UIImageViewImageLoad"];
}
}
可以看出图片是从服务端、内存或者硬盘获取是由SDWebImageManager管理的，这个类有几个重要的属性：
<pre><code>
@property (strong, nonatomic, readwrite) SDImageCache *imageCache;//负责管理cache，涉及内存缓存和硬盘保存
@property (strong, nonatomic, readwrite) SDWebImageDownloader *imageDownloader;//负责从网络下载图片
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSMutableArray *runningOperations;//包含所有当前正在下载的操作对象
</code></pre>
manager会根据URL先去imageCache中查找对应的图片，如果没有在使用downloader去下载，并在下载完成缓存图片到imageCache，接着看实现：
- (id <SDWebImageOperation>)downloadImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url options:(SDWebImageOptions)options
progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock
completed:(SDWebImageCompletionWithFinishedBlock)completedBlock
{
/*...*/
//根据URL生成对应的key，没有特殊处理为[url absoluteString];
NSString *key = [self cacheKeyForURL:url];
//去imageCache中寻找图片
operation.cacheOperation = [self.imageCache queryDiskCacheForKey:key done:^(UIImage *image, SDImageCacheType cacheType)
{
/*...*/
//如果图片没有找到，或者采用的SDWebImageRefreshCached选项，则从网络下载
if ((!image || options & SDWebImageRefreshCached) && (![self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(imageManager:shouldDownloadImageForURL:)] || [self.delegate imageManager:self shouldDownloadImageForURL:url])) {
dispatch_main_sync_safe(^{
//如果图片找到了，但是采用的SDWebImageRefreshCached选项，通知获取到了图片，并再次从网络下载，使NSURLCache重新刷新
completedBlock(image, nil, cacheType, YES, url);
});
}
/*下载选项设置*/
//使用imageDownloader开启网络下载
id <SDWebImageOperation> subOperation = [self.imageDownloader downloadImageWithURL:url options:downloaderOptions progress:progressBlock completed:^(UIImage *downloadedImage, NSData *data, NSError *error, BOOL finished) {
/*...*/
if (downloadedImage && finished) {
//下载完成后，先将图片保存到imageCache中，然后主线程返回
[self.imageCache storeImage:downloadedImage recalculateFromImage:NO imageData:data forKey:key toDisk:cacheOnDisk];
}
dispatch_main_sync_safe(^{
if (!weakOperation.isCancelled) {
completedBlock(downloadedImage, nil, SDImageCacheTypeNone, finished, url);
}
});
}
}
/*...*/
}
else if (image) {
//在cache中找到图片了，直接返回
dispatch_main_sync_safe(^{
if (!weakOperation.isCancelled) {
completedBlock(image, nil, cacheType, YES, url);
}
});
}
}];
return operation;
}
下面先看downloader从网络下载的过程，下载是放在NSOperationQueue中进行的，默认maxConcurrentOperationCount为6，timeout时间为15s：
- (id <SDWebImageOperation>)downloadImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url options:(SDWebImageDownloaderOptions)options progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock completed:(SDWebImageDownloaderCompletedBlock)completedBlock {
__block SDWebImageDownloaderOperation *operation;
__weak SDWebImageDownloader *wself = self;
/*...*/
//防止NSURLCache和SDImageCache重复缓存
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:url cachePolicy:(options & SDWebImageDownloaderUseNSURLCache ? NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy :NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalCacheData) timeoutInterval:timeoutInterval];
request.HTTPShouldHandleCookies = (options & SDWebImageDownloaderHandleCookies);
request.HTTPShouldUsePipelining = YES;
request.allHTTPHeaderFields = wself.HTTPHeaders;//设置http头部
//SDWebImageDownloaderOperation派生自NSOperation，负责图片下载工作
operation = [[SDWebImageDownloaderOperation alloc] initWithRequest:request
options:options
progress:^(NSInteger receivedSize, NSInteger expectedSize) {}
completed:^(UIImage *image, NSData *data, NSError *error, BOOL finished) {}
cancelled:^{}];
operation.shouldDecompressImages = wself.shouldDecompressImages;//是否需要解码
if (wself.username && wself.password) {
operation.credential = [NSURLCredential credentialWithUser:wself.username password:wself.password persistence:NSURLCredentialPersistenceForSession];
}
if (options & SDWebImageDownloaderHighPriority) {
operation.queuePriority = NSOperationQueuePriorityHigh;
} else if (options & SDWebImageDownloaderLowPriority) {
operation.queuePriority = NSOperationQueuePriorityLow;
}
[wself.downloadQueue addOperation:operation];
if (wself.executionOrder == SDWebImageDownloaderLIFOExecutionOrder) {
// 如果下载顺序是后面添加的先运行
[wself.lastAddedOperation addDependency:operation];
wself.lastAddedOperation = operation;
}
}];
return operation;
}
SDWebImageDownloaderOperation派生自NSOperation，通过NSURLConnection进行图片的下载，为了确保能够处理下载的数据，需要在后台运行runloop：
- (void)start {
/*...*/
#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE && __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= __IPHONE_4_0
//开启后台下载
if ([self shouldContinueWhenAppEntersBackground]) {
__weak __typeof__ (self) wself = self;
self.backgroundTaskId = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] beginBackgroundTaskWithExpirationHandler:^{
__strong __typeof (wself) sself = wself;
if (sself) {
[sself cancel];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] endBackgroundTask:sself.backgroundTaskId];
sself.backgroundTaskId = UIBackgroundTaskInvalid;
}
}];
}
#endif
self.executing = YES;
self.connection = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:self.request delegate:self startImmediately:NO];
}
[self.connection start];
if (self.connection) {
if (self.progressBlock) {
self.progressBlock(0, NSURLResponseUnknownLength);
}
//在主线程发通知，这样也保证在主线程收到通知
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:SDWebImageDownloadStartNotification object:self];
});
CFRunLoopRun();//在默认模式下运行当前runlooprun，直到调用CFRunLoopStop停止运行
if (!self.isFinished) {
[self.connection cancel];
[self connection:self.connection didFailWithError:[NSError errorWithDomain:NSURLErrorDomain code:NSURLErrorTimedOut userInfo:@{NSURLErrorFailingURLErrorKey : self.request.URL}]];
}
}
#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE && __IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED >= __IPHONE_4_0
if (self.backgroundTaskId != UIBackgroundTaskInvalid) {
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] endBackgroundTask:self.backgroundTaskId];
self.backgroundTaskId = UIBackgroundTaskInvalid;
}
#endif
}
下载过程中，在代理 － (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data中将接收到的数据保存到NSMutableData中，[self.imageData appendData:data]，下载完成后在该线程完成图片的解码，并在完成的completionBlock中进行imageCache的缓存：
- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)aConnection {
SDWebImageDownloaderCompletedBlock completionBlock = self.completedBlock;
@synchronized(self) {
CFRunLoopStop(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());//停止当前对runloop
/*...*/
if (completionBlock) {
/*...*/
UIImage *image = [UIImage sd_imageWithData:self.imageData];
NSString *key = [[SDWebImageManager sharedManager] cacheKeyForURL:self.request.URL];
image = [self scaledImageForKey:key image:image];
// Do not force decoding animated GIFs
if (!image.images) {
if (self.shouldDecompressImages) {
image = [UIImage decodedImageWithImage:image];//图片解码
}
}
if (CGSizeEqualToSize(image.size, CGSizeZero)) {
completionBlock(nil, nil, [NSError errorWithDomain:@"SDWebImageErrorDomain" code:0 userInfo:@{NSLocalizedDescriptionKey : @"Downloaded image has 0 pixels"}], YES);
}
else {
completionBlock(image, self.imageData, nil, YES);
}
}
}
self.completionBlock = nil;
[self done];
}
后续的图片缓存可以参考：SDWebImage源码剖析（二）
