UNIT 10 WHAT ARE THEY DOING?
第十课 他们在干什么？
本课重点：怎样询问和答复某人正在干什么。
A. Texts & Notes
1. What are they doing?
又是一场伦敦智力测验，主持人是弗朗西斯。
Francis: Hello. Good evening. And welcome to the London Quiz. This time what are they doing? Now, listen. There's a girl. What's she doing?
Girl: I don't know.
Francis: Well. Where is she?
Man: She is the bathroom.
Francis: Yes, she is. But what is she doing?
Man: She's having a shower.
Francis: No. She isn't having a shower.
Woman: She's having a bath.
Francis: Yes. She's having a bath. Now, listen. There's a man. What's he doing?
Woman: He's eating.
Francis: Yes. He's eating. But what's he eating?
Girl: Steak?
Woman: Salad.
Man: An apple.
Francis: Yes. He's eating an apple. Now, listen. That's a man and a woman. What are they doing?
Girl: I don'n know.
Man: I think they'er eating. No, they aren't. They aren't eating. Sorry, I don't know.
Francis: They are making coffee.
弗朗西斯：晚上好，欢迎来参加伦敦猜谜游戏。这一次要猜的是，他们在干什么？你们听。有一位姑娘，她在干什么？
姑娘：我不知道。
弗朗西斯：听。她在哪儿？
男子：她在浴室里。
弗朗西斯：对的，但她在干什么？
男子：她在淋浴。
弗朗西斯：不对，她不是在沐浴。
男子：她在洗澡。
弗朗西斯：对了。她在洗澡。现在，再听。这是一个男的，他在干什么？
男子：他正在吃东西。
弗朗西斯：对，他在吃东西。但他在吃什么？
姑娘：是牛排吗？
女子：色拉。
男子：是苹果。
弗朗西斯：对了。他在吃苹果。现在，你们听。那是一男一女。他们在干什么？
姑娘：我不知道。
男子：我认为他们在吃东西。不，不是。他们不是在吃。对不起，我不知道。
弗朗西斯：他们在做咖啡。
注1. 这一课主要学习现在进行时。其形式是以 to be 作为助动词，用 to be 的一般现在时 am（用于单数第一人称）、 are（用于单数第二人称和复数各人称）、 is（用于单数第三人称）加现相分词构成。现在进行时表示说话的时刻正在进行的行为。如：
What is he doing now"（他现在正在干什么？）
He is doing watching television. （他正在看电视。）
They aren't making coffee now. They are drinking tea. （他们不在做咖啡。他们在喝茶。）
现在进行时的否定式用助动词 am、are、is 的否定式构成；疑问式则以颠倒助动词和主语的词序而构成。如：
肯定：She's having a cup of coffee.
否定：She isn't having a cup of coffee.
疑问：Is She having a cup of coffee?
What is she doing?
注2. 动词的现在分词由动词原形加词尾 - ing 构成，其构成方法如下：
(1) 一般情况下均直接加上 -ing 。如：go — going；watch — watching；eat — eating
(2) 动词如以不发音的 e 字母结尾，则去掉 e 再加 -ing。如：take — taking；have — having；write — writing
(3) 动词如是闭音节的单节词，或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，而结尾只有一辅音时，要双写结尾辅音后再加 -ing。如：sit — sitting；stop — stopping；begin — beginning
注3. time 也作“次”解，this time 即：这一次。例：Read the new words three time. 意思是把新单词读三遍。
注4. 动词 have 作为行为动词的基本意思是“有”，但其确切的中文意思，依上下文而定。如：have a bath （洗澡）；have a shower （淋浴）；have dinner （吃饭）；have a cup of tea （喝茶）
have 又可以作为助动词，构成完成时态，如上一课学的 have got …，其中 have 是助动词，不含有意义，而是构成现在完成时态，与 got 连用表示属谁所有。
2. On holiday
珍妮和她的父母在布赖顿海滨度假，布赖恩走过来招呼。
Brian: Hello. What's your name?
Jane: Jane.
Brian: I'm Brian. Can I sit here?
Jane: Yes, please do.
Brian: Do you like Brighton?
Jane: I don't like it's very nice. And my father doesn't like it. But my mother likes it. We always come here.
Brian: Always?
Jane: Yes. We come here every year.
Brian: Who's that?
Jane: It's my mother. And that's my father. He sits there every morning and every afternoon. Then he goes to the hotel and he has bath at six o'clock every evening.
Brian: And then?
Jane: He always watches television. Every evening.
Brian: Does he go to the cinema?
Jane: No, he doesn't. He never gose to the cinema. And he never gose to a restaurant.
Brian: And the always watches television.
Jane: Yes. Yes, does. Always.
布莱恩：你好，你叫什么名字？
珍妮：珍妮。
布莱恩：我叫布莱恩。我可以坐这里吗？
珍妮：可以。请坐。
布莱恩：你喜欢布莱顿吗？
珍妮：我觉得这个地方不怎么好。我爸爸也不喜欢这个地方，可是我妈妈喜欢。我们总是到这儿来。
布莱恩：总到这儿来吗？
珍妮：对了。我们每年都来。
布莱恩：那是谁？
珍妮：是我妈妈。那是我爸爸。他每天上午和下午都坐在那里，然后他到旅馆里去，每天晚上六点钟他要洗个澡。
布莱恩：然后呢？
珍妮：每天晚上他总是看电视。
布莱恩：他去看电影吗？
珍妮：不去，他不去。他从来不去看电影，也从来不上馆子吃饭。
布莱恩：他总是看电视。
珍妮：对，对。是这样，总是这样。
注5. on holiday 的意思是“度假”。on 是介词，有“处于……状态”的意思，如：Brian is on holiday. （布赖恩在度假。）
注6. I don't think it's very nice. （我认为这个地方不怎么样。）这里 think 的意思是“觉得”，“认为”。注意这句话的表达方法与汉语习惯不同，汉语为：我觉得得不好，而英语习惯说：我不觉得它好。否定的部分在主句（ I don't think ）中，而不后面的从句（it's very nice.）中。如：我认为他今晚不会来，应说：I don't think He's come tonight. 而不说：I think he will not com. 我觉得他不喜欢咖啡，应说：I don't think she likes coffee.
注7. always、every 和 never 与一般现在时连用，表示习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。如：
We always get up at six o'clock in the morning.
They go to work every morning.
He never goes out on Wednesdays. （星期二他从不出去。）
注意 always、never 一般放在动词的前面，而 every morning，every year，every week，every day 等一般放在句末或句首。
3. What are you doing this evening?
珍妮和布莱恩通电话。
Jone: Brain. Hello.
Brian: Hello,. What are you doing this evening?
Jone: I'm staying at home this evening. What are you doing?
Brian: I'm going to the cinema. at 8 o'clock.
Jone: Oh! Can I come?
Brian: Yes, of course.
珍妮：喂，布莱恩。
布莱恩：你好。今天晚上你干什么？
珍妮：我今晚在家里呆着。你干什么呢？
布莱恩：我去看电影。8点钟去。
珍妮：哦！我来行吗？
布莱恩：行，当然罗。
注8.现在进行时可以用来表示不是现在正在做，而是计划将来要做的事情，最常用的是 go、come、stay 等词。如：
We are you going to Beijing tomorrow. （我们明天要去北京了。）这并不是现在正在去北京，而是明天要去。
He is comeing to see you this evening. （他今晚来看你。）说这句话时他沿未来到，也不意味着现在正在路上，只是说今晚要来。
注9. do 作为行为动词，基本意思是“做”。
What are you doing? （你在做什么？）
I‘m doing some English exercises. （我在做英语练习。）
do 也被用作助动词构成疑问句和否定句。（见第八课注2）
What do you usually do in the evening? （晚上一般你做什么？）这里第一个 do 是助动词，第二个 do 是行为动词。
B. Exercise
- 电视节目和录音中的这样一段，Bill 和 Jean 在饭店的大厅里谈话，你能知道他们谈了些什么吗？请问：
(1) Where is Julie?
(2) What's she doing?
(3) Where's John?
(4) What's he doing? - 用所给的词组编写对话：
例：Bill；at the garage；getting some petrol
Where's Bill? He's at the garage. He's getting some petrol.
(1) Mary；at the cafe；having a meal
Where's Mary? She's at the cafe. She's having a meal.
(2) John and Susan；gone to the kitchen；making some coffee
Where's John and Susan? They've gone to the kitchen. They'er making some coffee.
(3) George；at home；helping his father
Where's George? He's at home. He's helping his father.
(4) Mrs Jones；in the car park；parking her car
Where's Mrs Jones? She's in the car park；She's parking her car. - 用动词的正确形式填空：
(1) I alwaysan apple every morning. （eat）
(2) Mary nevertelevision. （watch）
(3) Jane and her mother and father alwaysto the theatre on Saturday. （go）
(4) That mana steak every day? （eat）
(5) Jane nevercoffee. （drink）
(6) John alwayshis father on Saturdays. （help）
(7) I neverat home on Saturdays. （stay）
(8) Sheto music every evening. （listen）
- 看图说话：
(1) Francis to a party.
(2) Jane and Brian to the cinema.
(3) The father and mather
- 看每幅图，说出两句话，一句用 never，一句用 alwars：
(1) He always has a bath. He never has a shower.
(2) She always drinks tea. She never drinks coffee.
(3) He always watchs television. He never goes to the cinema.
C. Summary
1. 语法与用法
(1) 询问人家正在做什么：
What are you doing?
what's she doing?
(2) 说出人家正在做什么：
She's having a bath?
She isn't having a bath?
(3) 询问人家喜欢什么？
Do you like Brighton?
(4) 描述经常性动作：
We come here every year.
He never goes to the cinema.
He always has a bath on Monday.
(5) 询问计划要干的事情：
What are you doing this evening?
(6) 说出计划要干的事情：
I'm staying at home.
2. 语法
(1) 现在进行时：由 to be + 现在分词构成，表示进行的事情和计划要做的事。（详见注1和注8）
(2) do 和 have 均可作为行为动词，又均可作为助动词。（详见注4和注9）
What are they doing?
She's having a bath.
He's eating an apple.
They'er making coffee.
We come here every year.
He never goes to the cinema.
He always wacthes televition.
I'm going to the cinema this evevning.
D. Words & Expressions
| 单词与表达方式 | 单词与表达方式 |
|---|---|
| now /naʊ/ adv. 现在 | apple /ˈæp(ə)l/ n. 苹果 |
| to listen /ˈlɪs(ə)n/ vi. 听 | make /meɪk/ vt. 做，制作｜ |
| bath /bɑːθ/ n. 浴，盆浴 | always /ˈɔːlweɪz/ adv. 经常，总是 |
| to have a bath 洗澡 | to eat /tu iːt/ vt. vi 吃 |
| shower /ˈʃaʊə(r)/ n. 淋浴 | every /ˈevri/ adj. 每 |
| to do /tə duː/ vt. vi. 做 | never /ˈnevə(r)/ adv. 从不 |
附1：Follow me （欧洲版教材）
